如何提高大学生自主学习英语的能力

PAGEPAGEi摘要:自主学习对所有学生都是非常重要的，无论是高中生还是大学生。这是一种管理自己学习的能力。这篇论文旨在介绍自主学习的定义、必要性。除此之外，介绍了自主学习的理论和发现以及中国现在教学和学习现状。这篇论文同时提出了对如何培养大学生自主学习能力的一些意见。关键字：培养,大学英语,自主学习Abstract：Autonomouslearningisveryimportantforallthestudents,nomatterinseniorschoolorincollege.Itisanabilitytotakechargeofone’sownlearning.Thispaperintendstointroducethedefinitions,necessitiesofautonomouslearning.Besides,accordingtothetheoriesandfindingsonautonomouslearning,aswellasChina’spresentEnglishteachingandlearningsituations.Thepaperalsoputsforwardsomesuggestionstotraincollegestudents’autonomousEnglishlearningability.KeyWords：Cultivate,CollegeEnglish,AutonomousLearningTableofContents摘要 ⅰAbstract ⅱChapterOneIntroduction. 11.1DefinitionsofAutonomousLearning. 11.2NecessityofAutonomousLearning. 21.2.1TheCurrentSituationofCollegeEnglishTeachingNeeds 21.2.2TeachingandLearningNeeds 21.2.3LearningEfficiencyNeeds 3ChapterTwoTheCurrentSituations 32.1LearningEnglishPassively. 32.2FollowingtheTraditionalTeacher-centeredApproach. 32.3LackingaSenseofLearningAutonomy. 3ChapterThreeSolutionstoProblems 43.1ArisingStudents’LearningMotivation. 53.2FollowingtheLearner-centeredApproach. 53.3RaisingaSenseofLearningAutonomy 63.4CreatingGoodEnvironmentforEnglishLearning. 6ChapterFourConclusion 7Workscited8HowtoImproveCollegestudentsAutonomousAbilityChapterOneIntroductionThe21stcenturyisincreasinglybecominganepochwithcommunicationandcooperation,Englishhasbecomemuchmoreimportantforthecontemporaryyouth,especiallyforgraduates.Presently,collegestudentsarepayingmuchattentiontohowtoimprovetheirEnglishability.Thusitseemsnecessarytotraincollegestudents’autonomousEnglishlearningability.1.1DefinitionsofAutonomousLearningAsfarasautonomouslearningconcerned,itisverydifficulttodefineitbecausedifferenteducatorshavedifferentviewsaboutit.Thoughthedefinitionsofautonomouslearningmentionedabovearevarious.Theyallemphasizelearnersshouldbeindependent,self-managementandtakeresponsibilityfortheirownlearning.Becauseautonomouslearningistheultimategoalofeducation,sotrainingcollegestudents’autonomouslearningabilityhasbeenaheatedtopicinrecentyears.AstheChinesesayinggoes,”Ifyougiveamanafish,youfeedhimforaday.Ifyouteachamantofish,youfeedhimforalifetime.”Thusitseemsnecessarytofosterstudents’autonomouslearningability.1.2NecessityofAutonomousLearning1.2.1TheCurrentSituationNeedsSomeeducationalistsbelievethatlearninghowtolearnisthemostbasicandimportantobjectiveofeducation.Sincethepresentepochisonewithanexplosionofknowledgeandinformation,itismoreessentialthaneverforcollegestudentstomasterthebasiclearningskills.However,atpresent,thereexistlotsofdeficienciesincollegeEnglishteachinginChina.Ontheonehand,thetraditionalteacher-centeredapproachcannotarousestudents’passionandmotivation.Ontheotherhand,mostcollegestudentsarenotgoodatEnglishandtheirbasicknowledgeisweak.Theycannotlearnindependentlyandautonomously.Thusitbecomesnecessarytotraincollegestudents’autonomouslearningability.1.2.2TeachingandLearningNeedsLanguagelearningisanactiveanddynamicprocess.learnersadoptdifferentstrategiestopossesstheinformation,andsupervisetheirownlearningprocessduringlanguagelearning.Languagelearningitselfisakindofbehaviorwithpurpose.Therealpurposeoflanguagelearningisnotforthemasteryoflanguageknowledge,butforexpressingtheirideasskillfullyandcompletingallkindsoftasks.Thepurposeoflanguagelearningcanalsobecalledautonomous.Soitisnecessaryforcollegestudentstoraisetheabilityofautonomouslearning.1.2.3LearningEfficiencyNeedsInclassroomteaching,autonomouslearningisveryimportant,autonomouslearningisnecessaryforenhancingthelearningefficiency.Studentsneednotonlytobeclearabouttheirgoals,listentoteacherscarefully,butalsotoparticipateinclassroomactivitiesactively.However,theclassroomteachingislimited,studentscannotmasterknowledgeandraisetheirabilityonlythroughthesimpleclassroomteaching.Sostudentsshouldhavetheabilitytolearnindependently,controlandregulate.ChapterTwoTheCurrentSituations2.1LearningEnglishPassivelyMostcollegestudentscannotorganizetheirprojectsandmanageprocessafterclasses.Fewofthempreparelessonscarefullybeforeclasses.Inaddition,mostlearnersarelearningEnglishpassively,completingtaskspassively.TheywanttolearnEnglishthroughEnglishclasses,andtheyspendmuchtimeonrecitingtexts,rememberingwords.Thusitcanbeseenthatmoststudents’methodsarenotpracticable.2.2FollowingtheTraditionalTeacher-centeredApproachWithenteringtheinformationage,moreandmoreattentionsarepaidincreasinglytotheteacher-centeredandstudent-centeredapproach,andwhichismorereasonableinteaching?Thereisarousingfiercedebate.Thetraditionalteacher-centeredapproachhaslotsofdisadvantages.Itignoreslearner’screativeandparticipatoryroleintheteachingmodeandinefficiencyofteaching.2.2.1EmphasisonExaminationIntraditionalteacher-centeredapproach,teachersalwaysemphasizeonexamination.Theyteachstudentsknowledgesothatstudentscangethighmarksinexamination,nomattertheyreallymasterknowledgeornot.Asstudents,weregularlydealwithexams.Theseexamsaredesignedtomakeusstudyhard,butdotheyreallyworkthatway?Idon’tthinkso,manystudentsIknowtheyjuststudyforexams,notforknowledge.Beforetheexamstheywouldmemorizeeverythingtheteacherssaidtobeimportantwithoutreallyunderstandingthetruemeaningbehindit,sotheymaygetgoodscoresontheexams,buttheywillforgetverysoon.Thatislearningwithoutunderstanding.Theyreallydon’tknowautonomouslearningatall.2.2.2LackofCommunicationTheteacher-centeredapproachmodeisrigid,teachershavesupremepower,allthestudentsshouldlistentothem.Therelationshipbetweenteachersandstudentsarecool,theycannotcommunicatewitheachotherharmoniousandequally.2.2.3LackofConcerningAboutStudents’NeedsIntraditionalteacher-centeredapproach,teachersgetusedtobealeader.Theyforcetheirstudentstoadaptandneglectwhatstudents’needs,thismakestheirteachinginefficientandstudentslearnlittle.2.3LackingaSenseofLearningAutonomyInlanguagelearning,studentsalwaysthinkthattheirteachers,parentsandsomeotherouterconditionsshouldtaketheresponsibilityfortheirlearning,thepurposeoflearningistorepaytheirparents,theycannotreallyraiseasenseoflearningautonomy.ChapterThreeSolutionstoProblems3.1ArisingStudents’LearningMotivationMotivationistheessentialcharacteristicofautonomouslearning.Autonomouslearningisdifferentfrompassivelearning.Learners’autonomousisbasedontheinnerrequirementforstudy.Theyshouldorganizetheirprojectsandmanageprocessafterclassesandpreparelessonscarefullybeforeclasses.Inordertostudyautonomously,learnersshouldbegreatlymotivated.Oncelearnersareinterestedinlearning,theywillbemoreeagertolearnandlovetolearnthaneverbefore.Meanwhile,theirlearningefficiencywillincreasegreatly.Theywilltakepartinlearningactively.Asalearner,hismostimportantthingistolearn.Iflearnerscannotrealizetheresponsibilityforlearning,theycanhardlylearnautonomouslyandmotively.Asateacher,heneedstohelpstudentstoestablishself-confidenceandoptimisticexpectation.Teacherscancreateaharmoniousandcheerfulclassroomatmospheretomakestudentsfeelsafeandintolerant.What’smore,teacherscanhelpstudentssetasuitablegoalforlearning.Inclassroomteaching,teachersshouldtrytomakethelearningtasksenjoyableandinterestingsothatstudentsmaybeinterestedinthem.Besides,praisingisalsoaneffectivewaytoarisestudents’motivation.3.2FollowingtheLearner-centeredApproachLearner-centeredapproachpromotesnewrelationshipsbetweenteachersandlearnersandencouragesautonomousstudyinEnglishlearning.Studentsarethemainbodyinthenewapproachratherthanthepassiverecipientinthetraditionalapproach.Ateacherinthelearner-centeredEnglishlanguageclassisbasicallyafacilitatoroflearning.Heshouldnotonlyhaveenormousprofessionalknowledge,butalsoshouldgraspappropriateteachingapproachandhaveabilitytoencouragelearning.Thelearner-centeredapproachisbeneficialforthedevelopmentofbothteachersandstudents,forthewholelanguageteachingprocessandfortheperfectionofthecurrenttestevaluationsysteminChina.3.2.1StressingLearningAbilityThesocietywherewearelivingtodayisdevelopingveryfast.Everydaywefacenewthings,newsituationsandchanges.Toadapttothequicklychangeablecircumstances,peoplehavetogetridofalotofinformation.Thusitseemsnotenoughforstudentstodependonschooleducationonlyandmanyexaminationsandhighscorescannothelpstudentstokeeppacewiththisnewworld.Learningabilitybecomesmoreimportantforpeopletoimprovethemselvesconsistently.LikeEnglishlanguagelearning,leavingschooldoesnotmeantheendofEnglishlanguagelearning,butmeanthebeginningofafurtherautonomousEnglishlearning.NomatterteachersorstudentsshouldpaymuchmoreattentiontoEnglishlearningabilitynothighscoresonexamination.Inlearner-centeredapproach,teachersemphasizeonimprovingstudents’learningabilityandcreativethinking.Theyrequirestudentstoselectlearningresources,methodandtimebythemselves.Studentsshouldhaveresponsibilityfortheirlearningwithoutthecontroloftheirteachers.Thislearner-centeredapproachissuperiortothetraditionalteacher-centeredapproach.3.2.2EstablishingaHarmoniousRelationshipTherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudentsisoneofthemostimportantaspectsinEnglishlearning.Nowadays,teachersshouldnotonlyactasstudents’teachers,butalsoastheirfriendstocreateademocraticandharmoniousrelationship.Firstly,everystudenthashisowndignityandrightsespeciallycollegestudents,theyhavetheirownminds,feelingsandneeds,soteachersshouldtrytheirbesttorespecteverystudentinordertocreateademocraticandharmoniousrelationship.Onlyifstudentsarerespectedcantheyfeeltheequalitybetweenteachersandstudents,andtheexistenceoftheirdignity.Thentheywillhavemotivationtostudyhard.Forthisreason,teachersshouldhavetheawarenessofdemocraticteaching,treatstudentsaswholehumanbeingsaswellasrespecttheirwills,rights.Secondly,teachersshouldtreattheirstudentssincerelyandlovethemdearly.Asateacher,hehasdutytoloveandtakecareofhisstudents,justlikehisownchildren.What’smore,studentswillpayoffteachers’sincerityandrespecttheirteacherduringthewholelife.SothisrelationshipbetweenteacherandstudentsisharmoniousandequalThisisalsowhatstudent-centeredapproachemphasizeson.3.2.3ConcerningDeepAboutStudents’NeedsInclassroom,teachersshouldknowtheirstudents’needsandinterests,theirlikesanddislikes,theirstrengthsandweaknesses.Theyarenotanytextbookwriters.Iftextbooksarenotsuitabletoanindividualteachingsituation,teachersshouldfindwaystousethetextbooksinordertomeetstudents’needs,sotheywillchangeothersuitablebooksorfindotherusefultextbooks.Inaddition,teachersneedtohelpstudentsformagoodbehavioranddevelopanawarenessoflearningstyles.Sostrengtheningconcernaboutstudents’needsisveryimportant.3.3RaisingaSenseofLearningAutonomyThesenseoflearningautonomyistheessentialmindforautonomouslearning.Withoutthesenseoflearningautonomy,autonomouslearningwillbejustlikewaterwithoutsource.Establishingasenseoflearningautonomymeansthatstudentsshouldrealizeveryclearlythatitistheythemselvesnottheirteachersorparentswhoshouldtaketheresponsibilityforthelearning.Theyshouldraiseasenseoflearningautonomyinthefollowingthreeparts.Firstofall,studentsmusteliminatethepsychologicaldependence.Inlanguagelearning,moststudentshavebeenusedtodependingontheirteachers,theirparentsandsomeotherouterconditions.Theyneverstudyorlearnbythemselves,sothatmanycollegestudentscan’tlearnautonomouslywithoutteachers.Thestudentswhoknowhowtolearningautonomyorganizetheirprojectsanddecideormanageprocesstobemadeonthem，theyborrowusefulbooksfromlibrary,andtheyreciteEnglishwords,phraseandbeautifularticlesthenusedintheirownstudy.TheypracticetheiroralEnglishandgraspeveryopportunitytopractice,andthentheirEnglishlevelimprovesfast.Theseallattributetopsychologicalindependenceinautonomouslearning.Ifstudentsdonoteliminatethepsychologicaldependenceandstilldependonothersinlearning,theywillneverestablishthesenseoflearningautonomyactually.Secondly,studentsmusttreatlearningastheirpsychologicalneeds.Onlyifstudentsachievetheirgoalscantheyraisetheirresponsibilityforlearning.Nomatterwhatpeoplewanttodotheyshouldhavepsychologicalneedsfirstly,thentheywillpursuetheirneedsandgoals,sotheyhavemotivation.Inlanguagelearning,studentsshouldhavepsychologicalneeds,thentheywillraiseasenseoflearningautonomy.Theywillneverconsiderlearningasarequirementandresponsibilityofteachersandparentsandthepurposeoflearningistorepaytheirparents.Thirdly,studentsshouldhaveconfidenceinlearningautonomy.Confidenceplaysanimportantroleinraisingasenseoflearningautonomy.WeallknowthatlearningEnglishhavefourparts:speaking,listening,readingandwriting.Inthesefourparts,speakingneedsmoreconfidencethanothers.Manystudentsaretooshytospeakinpublic,becausetheyhavenoconfidence,graduallytheylosetheirconfidenceinlearningEnglish.Moreover,manystudentsgiveuplearningEnglishletalonelearningautonomy.Therefore,inordertoraiseasenseoflearningautonomy.Studentsmusthavefullconfidenceinlearning.3.4CreatingaGoodEnvironmentforEnglishLearningAgoodlanguageenvironmentisveryimportantforEnglishlearning.Itcanhelptostrengthenstudents’confidenceinlearning.Onschools’parts,theyneedtoequipthemselveswithmoremodernteachingfacilitiestohelptrainstudents’autonomousEnglishlearningability.Onstudents’part,theyshouldmakegooduseofgoodenvironmenttoraisetheirlearningefficiencyandautonomouslearningability.Ifwehaveagoodlanguageenvironment,itisbetterforustostudyEnglish.SobuildingagoodenvironmentforEnglishlearningisverynecessary