2015届写作安排、开题报告任务书指导9人

Firstandforemost,Iwouldliketooweaparticulardebtofgratitudetomysupervisor,GeXiaoxia,arespectable,responsibleandresourcefulscholar,whohastakengreateffortstoreadthewholemanuscriptandprovidedcommentsindetailineverystageofthewritingofthisthesis.Withoutherpatientguidance,impressivekindnessandgoodsuggestion,Icouldnothavecompletedmythesis.Herkeenandvigorousacademicobservationenlightensmenotonlyinthisthesisbutalsoinmyfuturestudyandlife.Secondly,IshallextendmythankstoMrs.HanforallhersuggestionandhelponimprovementwhenImeetdifficulties.Iwouldalsoliketothankallmyteacherswhohavehelpedmetodevelopthefundamentalandessentialacademiccompetence.MysincereappreciationalsogoestotheZaozhuangUniversityofForeignStudies,whoparticipatedthisstudywithgreatcooperation.Finally,Iamalsogratefulthesewhohavegivenmetheirkindestencouragementandhelpforthisthesis.ErnestHemingway(1899-1961),averyfamousAmericanwriter,isconsideredasoneofthemostoutstandingandimportantwritersofthe20thcentury.HeisalsoconsideredasaspokesmanofLostGeneration.Hislifewasfullofadventuresandlegends.HetookpartinWorldWarIandWorldWarII.Thetwowarslefthimseriouswoundnotonlyinhisbodybutalsoinhismind.Hefeltdisappointedattheworld,thefateofhumanbeingsandthedevelopmentofsociety.Then,Hebeganwritingsomethingwhichwasabouthisownexperiencesandfeelingsoftheworld.Amongallofhisbooks,TheOldManandtheSea(1952)isthemostfamousone.ThenovelhelpedHemingwaywintheNobelPrizein1954.Inthisnovel,Hemingwayfurtherexploredthethemeswhichmanshowedextremedeterminationandcouragewhenhemetthechallengesandstruggledalone.AndthusthemaincharacterSantiago esatypicalandclassicalherointheworldliture.Asthesayinggoes,“thereareathousandHamletsinathousandpeople’seyes”.Similarly,wemaysay“thereareathousandSantiagoinathousandpeople’seyes”.Therefore,thisthesisintendstore-readSantiagobyyzingheroismintheTheOldManandtheSea.Thethesisconsistsoffourchaptersapartfromtheconclusion.ChapteroneisanintroductiontoHemingway,TheOldManandtheSeaandli turereviewofthenovel.ChapterTwoismainlyabouttheconceptofheroism,theevolvementofHemingway’sheroismandthefeatureofHemingway’sheroesinhisworks.ChapterThreemainlyyzestheheroismwhichisembodiedbySantiago’scharacteristicssuchlikeconfidence,courage,moralvictoryandloneliness.ChapterFourfocusesontheimportantinfluenceofSantiago’sheroismonAmericaninhistoryandatFromtheaboveysis,theauthorcomestotheconclusionwhichencouragespeopletostrugglewithpainsandsufferingsfromSantiago’sheroism.Weshouldunderstandthatthemeaningoflifeliesneitherin“success”,norin“failure”,butinthestruggleitself.Weshouldtreatourlifecarefullyandtakecareofeveryonewhichwe:heroism,TheOldManandtheSea,厄·海明威(18991961)是著名作家，们认为二十世纪最重要和最杰出的作家之一。他经历颇为曲折，曾先后参加过第一次和第二次。两次使他身体和心灵遭到严重，因此他对世界前途感到失望，对人类命运持悲观态度，对社会的发展不知所措，并推动他把有关人生和社会的感慨流露于笔端。在海明威的所有作品中，《老人与海》可谓是最著名的一部。他凭借该小说获得1954年的文学奖。小说主人公—桑提亚哥也成为世界文学史上经典的和代表性的形象。正所谓“一千个人眼里有一千个哈姆雷特”，同样道理，我们也可以说的主义来重新解读桑提亚哥。除了结论之外，本文包括四章。第一章介绍海明威、小说《老人与海》和这部小说的研究现状。第二章主要关于主义的概念、海明威的主义的演变和海明威作品中的的特点。第三章通过分析桑提亚哥的品质如自信、、道德胜利等来分析该作品中的主义。第四章强调桑提亚哥的主义对人在历史上和现实中的影响。通过以上分析，作者鼓励人们在桑提亚哥主义的指导下，勇于同艰难险阻作。我们应该明白生命不在于成败，而在于不断奋斗。我们应该认真：主义，《老人与海》，桑提亚 摘 ChapterOne Introductionof IntroductionofTheOldManandthe ry ChapterTwoHemingwayand TheConceptof TheEvolvementofHemingway’s Hemingway’sHeroesandTheir ChapterThereHeroismEmbodiedinTheOldManandthe Confidenceand FailureandMoral Lonelinessand ChapterFourTheInfluenceofSantiago’s TheInfluenceofSantiago’sHeroismonAmericanin TheInfluenceofSantiago’sHeroismonAmericanat ChapterFive ChapterOneIntroductionofErnestHemingwayiswidelyacknowledgedasalirygiantaswellasanadventurerinAmericanhistory.Heisalsoregardedasanimportantandoutstandingwriterwhoisfamousforhiscreationofcharactersasaherointheworld.HemingwaywasbornasthefirstboyandsecondchildrenofaprominentfamilyonJuly21,1899,inChicago.HisfatherisaphysicianfromwhomHemingwayacquiresenthusiasmforgunsandfishingtrips.HismotherwhoisanaswellasareligiouswomanhopesthatHemingwaywoulddevelopaninterestinmusicandart.Hisearlyfamilyeducationysanimportantroleonhiswritingcareer.Hemingway’slifeiscolorfulandadventurousbutpainful.HetakespartintheFirstandSecondWorldWar.Afterthewars,hesuffersalotbothonbodyandinmind.Finally,“Hemingwayshothimselfwithahuntinggunathisownhouseandputanendtohiscolorfulandlegendarylifein1961”(James,1982).Tosomeextent,Hemingway’s allifeexperiencehasanimportantinfluenceonhisliryproductionandhispositioninAmericanliryhistory.Accordingtohis experience,wecandivideHemingway’swritingcareerintothreestages.ThefirststageofHemingway’swritingcareeristhe1920swhenitisalmosttheFirstWorldWar.HemingwaytookpartintheFirstWorldWarsothatJackandFredericinhisTheSunAlsoRisesandForWhomtheBellTollsbearthephysicalandpsychologicalpainofthewarexperience.Atthissametime,“thecruelrealitymakesJackandFredericchangetheirtraditionalvalues”(Leo,Fromthe1930stotheendoftheSecondWorldWaristhesecondstageofHemingway’swritingcareer.AftertheSpanishWar,Hemingwaywasconfusedaboutthefateofmanandsociety,therelationbetweenloveandresponsibility.InForWhomtheBellTolls,FredericHenryisatypicalmanwhoisdisappointedaboutthefutureandlooseshisconfidence.AftertheSecondWorldWar,Hemingway’swritingcareercomesintothethirdstage.Hebeginstostrugglewiththefateandfindawayto ethedifficulties.InTheOldManandtheSea,theoldfisherman,Santiagoisatypicalherowhoisself-confident,brave,courage.TheOldManandtheSeaiscreatedbyHemingway’sownexperienceofadeep-seafishingintheCaribbean.Finally,TheOldManandtheSeahelpsHemingwaywinPulitzerPrizeinfictionin1953andtheNobelPrizeforLiturein1954.IntroductionofTheOldManandtheTheOldManandtheSeaisoneofErnestHemingway’smostpopularnovels.Itlsastorywhichisaboutanoldfisherman,Santiago,whohasgone84dayswithoutacatchinHowever,hisconfidenceisn’tdestroyedbyhislackofsuccess.Heneverthinksofstopfishing.However,Santiagoisevenoptimisticenoughtobelievethathemaycatchabigfish.Onthe84thday,hedecidestoventurefaroutseatochangehisbadluck.Luckily,hearrivesatagoodfishingspot.Hecarefullyandpatientlybaitshishooksaloneinthedeepsea.WhenSantiagoisgoingtogiveup,somethingbigtakeshisbait.However,thefishistoobigforSantiagotocatcheasily.Hetrieshisbesttobattlewiththegiantcreaturefromtheseaforthenextthreelastingdaysandnights.However,theoldmandoesnotevenknowwhathebattlewithduringmostofthejourney.Theoldmandoesn’thaveseenorheardofsuchabigfishwhichiseventwofeetlongerthanhisskiff.Whenthebigfishfinallysurfacesonthesea,Santiagoistremendouslyimpressedbyitssize,itsbeautyanditsnobility.Hebeginstolookatthefishcarefully,almostregrettingthathehastokillit.Theoldmankillsthebigfishandtiesittohisboatafterhesuffersaseriesoftrails.However,moredangerousfightingiswaitingforhim.Onhiswaybackhome,heisattackedbyfiercesharks.Hehastofightagainstthesharkswhichwanttoeatuphisgiantmarlinastheirfood.Whenhereturnstheshore,thereareafishtailandaspineleftbuthestillgetspraisefromotherpeople.ThegreatnessofTheOldManandtheSeaisonaccountofdifferentelementssuchasitswell-organizedstructure,speciallanguagefeatures,icebergstyleandsymbolism.What’smore,themostimportanceofthisnovelisthesuccessfulcreationofthecharacteristicsofSantiago.Especially,notonlytheLostGenerationbutalsomodernpeopleareaffecteddeeplybySantiago’sconfidence,courage,enduranceandindividualism.Hemingwaycreatesaheroicman-SantiagofortheLostGenerationwhofeelsdisappointedaboutthefateoftheworldandthesociety.“Santiago’ssadexperienceandundefeatedspiritalsoencouragemodernpeopletogoahead”(Cao,1996).LirySinceitspublicationin1952,TheOldManandtheSeahasattractedenormousattentionandhasbeenyzedbydifferentcriticalapproachesintheworld.IntheNewYorkTimesBookRiview,thenovelisdescribedasatalesuperblytoldandahumancontinuitythatfartranscendsanindividualrelationshipbyRobertGorhamDavis.ThenovelisalsocalledasapieceofworkswhichHemingwayhaseverdoneandamiracleyofmanagainstfatebyJosephHenryJacksonintheSanFranciscoChronicles.OrvillePrescottintheNewYorkTimesobjectedthatSantiagowasmoreasymbolicattitudetowardslifethanaman,acharacterwho’spoeticallyrenderedthoughtsborderonartificiality.AsforTheOldManandtheSeastudyin,itstartsquitelater.AvarietyofessayaboutTheOldManandtheSeahavebeenpublishedbyscholarlypublicationssuchasCollegeEnglish,ModernStudies,AmericanLiture,ForeignLiture.TheseessaysmainlyfocusesHemingway’sfeminism,languagefeatures,icebergstyle,symbolism,Santiago’scharacteristics,and“codehero”(Xing,1999)intheTheOldManandtheSea.TheseessaysalsomakeacomparisonbetweenTheOldManandtheSeaandotherauthor’sworks.TheseessayshelpthereaderdeeplyunderstandSantiago’sheroiccharacteristics.Fromtheprevious ysis,wecanseethatmanycriticsfocusonthe ysisofnovel’scharactersandplot,theauthor’sattitudestowardslifeandthesociety.TheyalsorelatethecriticalysisofthenoveltoHemingway’s alityandexperience,andhisbeliefinli rycreation.EventhoughtheseessaysarenotconcernedwiththeheroisminTheOldManandtheSeadirectly,theycangivetheauthorahinttowritethispaper.ChapterTwoHemingwayandTheConceptofHeroismisapopulartopicandaneternalthemeinli ryworks.Heroismhasaverylonghistorywhichappearsevenwhenhumanbeingasacreatureexistsontheearth.Inanotherhero’sworshiptracestotheemergenceofhumansociety.Wecansaythatheroismysanimportantroleonthedevelopmentofhumanhistory.Whenwetalkaboutheroism,wealwayshaveanimageofherooreinourmind.Theheroorealwaysperformsheroism.“Heroorereferstothesepeoplewhodisycourageandthewillforselfsacrificeinthefaceofdifficultyandadversityorfromapositionofweakness”(Carlos,1969).Heroismexistsinalmosteveryceintheworld.Differentcultureshavedifferentdefinitionsofheroism,andeachcultureshapesitsownuniqueheroes.Forexample,inwesterncountry,theheroesareNapoleonBonapartewhowasamilitaryandpoliticalleaderofFranceandGeorgeWashington,AbrahamLincolninAmericanWarofIndependenceandCivilWar.In,theheroesarethesepeoplewhoweresenttoSichuanProvincetorescuesurvivorsandtoreconstructinSichuanEarthquake.Heroismisoftenseenasanimportantfundamentalwhichcandrivehumanlifeandtheconcretemanifestationofcertainculturalpursuit.Heroismcanbetheespeciallypositiveachievementssuchasanexcellenceofskillinliving,beingnotafraidofdeathanddifficulties,nevergivinguporsacrificeforothers.Heroismcomesfromthehumanexperienceof difficultiesandfulfillsthedesiretodogreatacts.Tosomeextent,heroismaffectsthedevelopmentofthesocietyandtheevolvementofhistory.TheoriginanddevelopmentofwesternheroismrelatestoChristianity.“ChristianityisthebackboneofmanywesternliryworksbecauseChristianityisthebaseofwesternsociety”(Yang,2006).Inwesterncountry,everyoneisaffectedbyChristianityfromhisbirthtohisdeath.Asaresult,Christianityysanimportantroleintheevolvementoftheheroism.Wecanseeitinliryworks.Forexample,intheTheOldManandtheSea,althoughHemingwayisaheroic andhedoesn’tbelieveinthereligion,heisseriouslyaffectedbyit.Fromtheoldman’sfishing,manydescriptionsenablereaderstoseetheChristwhoissufferingthepain.“TheoldmanwearsabrokestrawhatonheadisasifJesuswearingthecrownofthorn”(Grey,1991).IntheprogressofstrugglingwiththehugeMarlin,theoldmanhurtshishands.ChristiscrucifiedonthecrossbytheRomansoldiers,soSantiago’shandsarebloody,too.Differentpeoplelearnheroismindifferentway.Mostpeoplelearnheroismbywatchingsciencefictionfi,readingnovelsandmyths,watchingevision,etc.WesternmovieslikeSuperman,Spidermanand007.Besidesmovies,wecanlearnheroismfromthefamousliryworks,suchasBeowulf,OdysseyandMobyDick.Fromthese,wecanseethosepeoplewhofacedeathbravelyandcanbegiventhetitleofhero.Heroismalwaysrelatestodeathbutdeathdoesn’tmeanheroism.“Theheroismisthedeathwithnofearandsacrificeforother’sbenefitsorfortheircountries’benefits”(Yang,2001).Asresult,heroismdoesn’tmeanthatweshouldseekdeathanddestructionbecausedeathisnotequaltovalue.Deathistheultimate ewefightagainstallourlives.Butsometimeslossoflifeisseenasnoble.Self-sacrificeisseenasheroicifserviceisbelievedtobedonetobenefitothers.Inaword,heroismistheconfidence,courage,braver,moralvictoryandindividualism,deathwithnofearforothers.TheEvolvementofHemingway’sEversinceNattyBumppoiscreatedbyJamesFenimoreCooperinLeatherstockingTales,heroismhasalwaysbeenafavoriteandpopulartopicforAmericanwriters.Theheroismstartsfromofthefrontierexperience,reflectingtheeverlastingoftwosinAmericanculture:primitivismandcivilization.Inthefirstdecadesofthe20thcentury,Americanwesternadventurefictionhasaffectedcommonpeopleaswellaswriters.Themaincharactersinthesefictionsarecalledwesternheroes.Theyliveinwildcewhichisattheedgeofwildernessandcivilization.Theirdailylifeisoccupiedwithvariousadventuresanddangerousstruggle.Intheirfightwithmanandnature,theyareforbiddenbyasetofrules,oradventureethos.Itisaspecialundaunteddeterminationcombinedwithstoicreservethatsmanfromweaknessandhesitation.Besides,thewesternhero’sworldisaworldwithoutwomen,enjoymentandentertainment,whileeverythingisatestofmanhood,andjusticeisnotbuiltbylawor,butbygunbarrelorrope.Here,thewildnatureisanarenaonwhichtheheroimproveshisskillsandproveshismanhood,andit’salsothecewhereheseeksconsolation,becauseheissodifferentthathecan’tbeacceptedbythesociety.Forthefirsttime,theheroisstereotypedandunique,whichisgivenacharacteristicthatmakesitmoreacceptableandirritablelater.ThewesternheroismisthecharacteristicsofAmericanherolivinginthefrontier,whichisverysimilartoHemingway’sTheheroismdemonstratedinHemingway’sworksisnotaffectedbythepreviouswesternheroismbutalsorootsinhisownspeciallifeexperienceand alities.Forexample,TheOldManandtheSeaisbasedonHemmingway’sfishingexperience.Fromhisworks,wecandefinetheheroismasthecharacteristicsofamanwholivescorrectly,followingtheidealsofhonor,courageandenduranceinaworldthatissomethingchaotic,oftenstressfulandalwayspainful.Theherousuallymeasureshimselfbyhowwelltheydealwiththedifficultsituationsthatlifethrowathimandhowhefightsagainsthisdestiny.Althoughhebelievesintheidealsofcourageandhonor,hehashisownsetofprinciplesandmoralswhichisbasedonhisownbeliefsinhonor,courageandendurance.TheHemingway’sheroismisusuallyrepresentedbyatypically-willedindividualistinhisworks,suchlikeJackBarnesinTheSunAlsoRises,FredericHenryinAFarewelltoArmsandSantiagoinTheOldManandtheSea.Hemingway’sHeroesandTheirInHemingway’sworks,therearecertaincommonfeaturesamongtheprotagonists,ortheheroes.Thesecharactersshareidentical alitiesandlifeexperienceswhiletheybearsimilarattitudestowardssociety.Wecandefinetheirwayoflifeinthewaywhichtheyrespondtosaswellasthewaywhichtheyaredepicted.ThemostobvioustrademarksoftheHemingway’sheroesare:theworldcrushesevery intopieces,yetalotofpeoplerisefromthepiecestodemonstratetheirspecialand monpower.Itseemsthattheworldislikelytokillandbreakthosemostbrave,benignandexcellent.However,“itistheherothatrisesfromfailureanddestruction”(James,1982).WecanseeitfromJackBarnesinTheSunAlsoRises,FredericHenryinAFarewelltoArmsandSantiagoinTheOldManandtheSea.IfwepaymoreattentiontoHeming’sheroes,wecansumupsomegeneralheroicfeaturesabouttheprotagonistsinHemingway’sworks.Firstofall,theHemingway’sheroisfullofgreatphysicalpotential,confidenceandcourage.Whetherheisabullfighter,asoldier,ahunter,orafisherman,healwaysactivateshisphysicalpowerwhichwillcreatethemostlife-likebeautyinhardsituations.However,thisphysicalpowerwillencounterharmfromgreaters.AccordingtoHemingway,therealvalueliesinthefactthattheherocanalwaysrisefromdestruction.CaptainHenryinFarewelltoArms,JordaninForWhomtheBellTolls,andSantiagoinTheOldmanandtheSeaareallhurtinsomeway,yettheyarenotdefeated.However,characterizationofSantiagohereisdifferent.Santiagoisactiveandchoosestobeinjured.Unliketheothers,Santiagosuffersonlyphysicalharm,notmentalpain.Asaresult,heretainshisoptimismuntiltheendofthestory.SantiagoisfromthatselfpityandvainstrugglesthathauntedHemingway’sformerheroes.Heacceptshisfatewithgreattranquilityandheregardshisinjuriesasinsignificantoccurrences.ByhisportrayalofSantiago,howmancanchallengehimselfbyconfrontingfailuresissuccessfullydemonstratedbyHemingway.Bycontrast,theformerheroesinHemingway’sworksareinertandpassiveunderpressure.Forexample,CaptainHenryretreatsfromthewarafterheisawareofitsmeaninglessnessandinsignificance.Generallyspeaking,Hemingway’sheroeslackgoal.WecanseethatHemingway’sheroesarespecialandunique.Secondly,Hemingway’sheroeshavestrongwillpower.Aboveandbeyondtheirphysicalstrength,theirstrongwillpowerprovestobeevenmoresignificant.Withsuchwillpower,theHemingway’sheroesareabletoremaingracefulevenafterbeingdestroyed,andcanstillremaintheirdignityashumanbeings.Forexample,inTheOldManandtheSea,Santiago’spowerismuchreducedbythefactthatheisalreadyanoldmanwhoseyouthfulstrengthfadesaway.Hemingwaycompensatesthatphysicalhandicapbyendowinghisherowithmentalstrengththatisbothdeterminedandfocused.Hemingwaythinksthatthestrongphysicalstrengthcanonlybesensedbutthestrongwillpowercanhelponetostrugglewithdifficulties.Itisthewillpowerthatformstheessentialstrengthoftheprotagonistsandenhancestheintensityofthesbetweencharacters.Thirdly,Hemingway’heroesmaintaingreatdignityinallsituations.Hemingwayalwaystrieshisbesttopresentafailedendingandcreateatragichero.BarnsinTheSunAlsoRiseslosteverythingandtheoldmanSantiagoinTheOldManandtheSealosteverything,too.Theimportantpointisthattheymaintainasenseofhonorashumanbeing.ThequalitywhichmakesupthebasictoneofHemingway’sheroesservestopromotethecharacter’s alityandactivatestheircourageandoptimism.ly,anotherimportantfeatureofHemingway’sheroesistheirloyalty.Theyhavestrongpassionsandfaithwhichmakestheirlifereliableandconveylovetopeoplearound.However,suchqualityisimpliedbutnotdisyedinHemingway’sheroes.Itisnotspokenbutperformed,nottoldbutsuggested.Henry’sloyaltytolove,andSantiago’sloyaltyandpassiontothechildManolincanonlybefeltthroughtheirdailybehaviorsandspecificactionswhilethecharactersthemselvesneversayawordaboutit.Thequalitycreatesanintegratedandoutstandingindividual.However,theloyaltybreaksfromcommonpoliticalorreligiousbeliefsanddoesnotstemfrom ideologybutcomesfromasenseofbelonginganddependenceoncertainindividualgroupsand alcircles.ChapterThereHeroismEmbodiedinTheOldManandtheErnestHemingwayisafamouslituregiantinAmericaandthespokesmanofLostGeneration.TheOldManandtheSeaisoneofhismostimportantandoutstandingworks.Inthenovel,theheroisminTheOldManandtheSeaisembodiedbySantiago’sCharacteristic.ConfidenceandFromthebeginningofthenovel,theauthordescribestheimageoftheoldman:“Theoldmanwasthin,andgauntwithdeepwrinklesinthebackoftheneck.Thebrownblotchofthebenevolentskincancerthesunbringsfromitsreflectiononthetropicseawashischeeks.Theblotchesranwelldownthesidesofhiscords.Butnoneofthesescarswereflesh.Theywereasoldaserosionsinafishlessdesert”(Hemingway,1997).Furthermore,Santiago’slifeisnotingoodcondition.Whenwereadthis,wemayfeelsorryfortheoldmanandthinkthatheistoooldtodoanything.Helivesinashackwherethereisonlyonebed,onechairandaceonthedirtyfloortocookwithcharcoal.Heissopoorthathenearlyhasnothingtoeat.Whenhesailsforfishing,hehasonlyabottleofwaterwithhim.Hehasfewfriendsexceptaboywhichheoncetaughttofish.Fewpeoplecareabouthim.What’smore,hefailsincatchingfishasafisherman.Hegoesfishingwithoutacatchforlastingeighty-fourdays,whichisveryunfortunateforfishermen.Amancantoleratefailurebuthecannottoleratecontinuousfailure.Eventhoughhehasastrongwill,amanwillbesurelydefeatedbytoomuchfailure.Forthisreason,wemayarriveattheconclusionthatSantiagowillgiveupfishing.However,Santiago esconfidentandcourageinsteadofgivingupfishing.“everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated”(Hemingway,1997).Theeyesoftheoldmanarenotstuffybut“thesamecolorasthesea”thatonlytheyoungmanhaswhichmeansthattheoldmanisasyoungastheyounginmind.“Hefittedtheropelashingfortheoarsontothepinsand,leaningforwardagainstthethrustofthebladesinthewater,hebegantorowoutoftheharborinthedark”(Hemingway,1997).TheoldmanfirmlyinsiststhathewillnotalwayshavebadluckandshipsintothedeepseawithoutlookingWhatmakesSantiagogofishingwithouthesitationundersuchdifficultcondition?Throughthepreviousysis,wemaypointout:eventhelifeisharder,eventhewretchedstandpoint,“butwhoknows:Maybetoday.Everydayisanewday”(Hemingway,1997).Itishope,confidenceandcouragethatmakesSantiagodoesit.Atlast,Santiagosailsbackintoharborexhaustedly,withaskeletonofhisMarlinandabrokenskiff.“Sheisgood,hethought.Sheissoundandnotharmedinanywayexceptforthetiller.Thatiseasilyreced”(Hemingway,1997).Agoodstoryisnotalwayswithagoodend.Tosomeextent,SantiagofailsbecausehisgiantMarliniseatenupbythesharksandhisskiffisbroken.Santiagopronouncesthatnothingbeathimreallyandthathisonlyfaultisthathegoesouttoofar.Heneverloseshisconfidenceandhewillgofishingnextdaywithouthesitation.Onemaylosethebattlebuthecanachievealotafterhisconfidence,bravery,courageandabilitytoendurehavebeentested.Hopedoesnotdie,powerisnotoff.Evenifthehopeisslim,wealsomusttryourbesttofightforit.Hemingwaybelievesthathopemakestheoldmangoonfishing,fightwiththeMarlin,fightwiththesharkandfightwithhimself.FailureandMoralInTheOldManandtheSea,Santiagoisafailureasafishermaninsomedegree.Fromthestartingofthestory,Santiagoisdescribedasafailedfishermanwhogoesfishingwithoutacatchfor84days.Thenhegoesfartogofishing.Luckily,hegetsagiantMarlinwhichisevenlongerthanhisskiff.However,thegiantMarliniseatenuponhiswaybackhomebymanyfiercesharksalthoughhefightsagainstthesharks.Atlast,whenhereturnshome,Santiagoalmostlosesanythingexceptafishtailandaspine.AlthoughSantiagoalmostgetsnothingfromhisfishing,hestillwinspraisefromothers.HeisamoralvictoryaswellasafailureinhisfightingagainstthegiantMarlin,thefiercesharksandAlthoughtheMarlinswallowsthebaits,itisnotveryeasyforSantiagotocatchhim.“Thefishmadeasurgethatpulledhimdownonhisfaceandmadeacutbelowhiseye.Thebloodrandownhischeekalittleway.Butitiscoagulatedanddriedbeforeitreachedhischinandheworkedhiswaybacktotheholeandrestedagainstthewood”(Hemingway,1997).Thefishdoesn’tconceithisfailureeasily.Santiagodoesn’tchooseafailureasasolution.HeneverthinkshewilllosehisMarlin.ThecontestbetweentheoldmanandMarlinistoseewhocanendurelongerthantheother.BythistimeSantiago’sstrawhatcutshisforeheadandhehasbeenhungryforhours.Buthejustdrinksalittlewater,andthenhesitsontheunstoppedmastandsailandtriednottothinkbutonlytoendure.ItisthiskindofspiritthathelpsSantiagotobeamoralvictoryinthefightingagainstthegiantMarlin.However,amoreterribledisasterwaitsforSantiagoonhiswaybackhome.ThesharksspringontheMarlinandwanttotakehisprizeaway.Theoldfishermandoesn’tfoldhishandsandwaitfortheshark’sdestruction.Instead,hebravelydeterminestofightagainstthemuntilhisdeath.Actually,theoldman’smindisclearandgoodnow.Heisfullofresolutiontofightwiththemuntilthesharks.Butheknowsthatthereisalittlehopebecausethefailureisinevitable.Butheshouldbehaveasarealmaninthebattlefield.Withhisbloodmashedhands,heramstheharpoondownontothebiggestshark,butthesharktakeshisharpoonaway.Sohelasheshisknifetothebultofoneoftheoars.Thenhetakesuptheoarswiththeknifebladesnaps.Inthedark,groupsofsharksspringontotheMarlin.Heknowsthathistriumphistoogoodtolast.Butonthehand,“manisnotmadefordefeat”(Hemingway,1997),thisdeclarationclearlypresentshismoralvictoryasahero.Infacingsomanysharks,Santiagodoesn’tshowanyfear.Hepullshimselftogetherfightsthesharksmorefiercely.Finally,whenhereturnshome,thereareafishtailandaspineleft.However,hestillgetspraisefromotherpeople.Hegetsthemoralvictoryalthoughhefails.ThegreatnessofSantiago’smoralvictoryistostruggleagainsthimselfandsurpasshimself.“Justthen,watchinghislines,hesawoneoftheprojectinggreensticksdipsharply”(Hemingway,1997).Whenhefishesaloneinthedeepsea,Santiagosuppresshisowndesirefromhisdeepheart.Whenhefightsagainstthesharks,“maybethistimeIcangethimover.Pull,hands,hethought.Holdup,legs.