2018传热传质学年会集

埋地油管泄漏对池火辐射及激光检测影1，吉2，*1，兵1，1（1东北石油大学土木建筑，黑龙江大庆163318；2东北石油大学电子科学学院，黑龙江大庆163318） : 理是光谱检测技术的基础。基于计算流体力学求解多孔介质内多相流扩散Thomas模型和Influenceofburiedoilpipelineleakageonpoolfireradiationandlaserdetection（1SchoolofCivilEngineeringandArchitectureNortheastPetroleumUniversity,Daqing163318, 2SchoolofElectronicScienceNortheastPetroleumUniversity,Daqing163318, (*Correspondingauthor :l :Surfacediffusioncharacteristicparametersofburiedoilpipelineleakageareabasisforcalculationofpoolfireheatradiationfluxanddeterminationofsafetydistance,laserpathtransmissionofsurfaceoilfilmisatheoryfundamentalforoilpipelineleakagedetectionusingspectroscopy.Themultiphaseflowdiffusionequationinporousmediawassolvedbasedoncomputationalfluiddynamics.Thenumericalsimulationofleakageanddiffusionunderdifferentsoilporosityandsurfacefeaturewascarriedoutbycouplingthesoilandatmosphereenvironmentwiththegrounddiffusionfluxofoil.ThepropertiesofpoolfireradiationwereyzedbyadoptingThomasmodelandMudanmodel.Therefractionandreflectionlawsoflaserpathtransmissionforoil-gasinterfacewereinvestigatedbyusingTraceProopticssoftware.Theresultsshowthatthesoilporosityhasagreateffectonsurfaceoildiffusiondiameter,whenthesoilporosityislarger,theheatradiationfluxofpoolfireishigherandthesafetydistanceisfurther.Whentheoilpoolonabruptsurface,thesafetydistanceforpoolfireheatradiationisshorterthanthatisonflatsurfaceandsubsidingsurface.Whentheoilfilmthicknessislessthan2mm,thelaserbeamcannottransmitoilfilm,andthereceivingintensityisprovidedonlybythemirrorreflectionofoil-airinterface.Andtheessenceoflaserdetectionsurfaceoilistodetectthevolatilealkenesgasabovetheoilfilmbasedonabsorption:numericalsimulation;leakageanddiffusion;heatradiation;reflectiveoptical管道输送占我国四大油气进口能源通道的3/4，已成为我国能源供给的重要保裂及自然等原因导致泄漏事故频发[2-3]。泄漏油污渗流扩散破坏土壤生态平衡，运移泄漏原油的地面扩散特征是池火热辐射安全距离定量分析及泄漏污染物激光检测（D）模拟研究，7等人建立了地输油道泄漏维模型，研了不同漏孔径泄8利用UNT911CFD方法对埋地输油管道泄漏进行数值模拟，获取不同土壤孔隙率及地11.25m5cm，位于管道的空陡空陡坡地平坦地坑洼地1.25mø5cm泄漏0.5m管土

1Fig.1Physical

m

oouowwuwaaua

mudivuupdiv(gradu)gmuC1uu

n m mm 22mmmnkg/m·s；o、w和a为油相、水相和气相的粘度，kg/m·s0.25mm，粘性阻力系数为1.35×1010，惯性阻力系数131250。泄漏口设置为速度，初始泄漏速度取1m/s[12]840kg/m30.048kg/m·sm/s2k-ε模型湍流模型及VOF1为各计算工况设置1Table1Calculation编1234562为本文与文献[1220s时原油在土壤中扩散情形对比。原油43不同土壤孔隙率时油品扩散特Fig.3Dispersioncharacteristicsofoilunderdifferentsoilporosity(a)0.2;(b)0.4;(c)3可以看出，埋地输油管道发生泄漏时，一方面初始动能驱动原油向上运移，4所示。VolumeVolume

Oilfilm0 Horizontal

HorizontalFig.4(a)Diameterofsurfaceoilpoolunderdifferentsoilporosity;(b)Diameterofsurfaceoilpoolunderdifferentsoilporosity0.6时，地面油膜呈现中间厚，两侧薄，这是由于初始动能较大，泄漏口正上方地面65不同地表形态时油品扩散特Fig.5Dispersioncharacteristicsofoilunderdifferentsurfacefeature(a)abruptsurface;(b)flatsurface;(c)subsidingsurface6所示。100VolumeVolume

350陡坡地陡坡地坑洼地陡坡地坑洼地Oilfilm 1901100 Horizontalposition/

Horizontalpoisition/6(a)不同地表形貌时地表油池直径；(b)不同地表形貌时地表油膜厚度Fig.6(a)Diameterofsurfaceoilpoolunderdifferentsurfacefeatureb)Diameterofsurfaceoilpoolunder7.2m和7mThomas模型[14]：

42 agD其中，h为火焰高度，m；D为油池扩散直径，m；mf为原油燃烧速率，0.0781kg·m-2·s-1；ρa为空气密度，1.29kg·m-3；g为重力加速度，9.8m·s-2。0.25πD2Hm c0.25πD2

qE10.058lnR

D 距离，m；Fv为视角因子，可采用工程简化模型Fv=1.1432R 2所示。2不同泄漏工况时油池火焰特Table2Flamecharacteristicsofoilpoolunderdifferentleakage123456根据式（5）5m50m的7所示。距油池中心越远，目标接收辐射强度越小，与文献[16]池火热辐射通量变化趋势一致。池火表面对热辐射通量为4kW·m-2时，无防护36090HeatradiationHeatradiationHeatradiation60203000 20 Distance DFig.7Heatradiationintensityatdifferentdistancestooilpoolcenter(a)conditionsofdifferentsoil壤孔隙率0.29m，而土壤孔隙率为0.40.6时，25m24m。上述分析Fig.8Optical-pathdiagramofleakagepollutantsdetectionbyI=Is+Im+Itexp2arccosd()C

Im和激光穿过泄漏污染物介质层被粗糙地表TracePro1000mW,选取位于原油次甲团的弯曲振动吸收峰所在波长6.85μm，原油特定波长下的9所示。陡坡地坑洼地100 100ReceivingReceivingReceivingReceiving 10Horizontalpoisition/

10Horizontalpoisition/ Fig.9Receivingintensityforlaserdetectionsurfaceoil(a)conditionsofdifferentleakagevelocity;(b)conditionsofdifferentsurfacefeature1

110

00 100Laser0Laser00 0

0 0 1 1 2Oilfilmthickness/m

CaCalculatedbyFresnel'sformuSimulatedbyTraceP-Oilfilmangle/°图10油膜透过率随厚度变化关 图11反射光强的理论值与模拟值对

Fig.11Comparisonbetweentheoreticalandsimulatedvalueofreflectionintensitysin1=

1sin2- tan2-+R 1 12+

222sin1+2 tan1+222Is

根据上式计算不同入射角原油-空气界面的激光反射强度，并对比TracePro模拟结果，如图11所示。反射光强随入射角变化趋势与文献[19]结果一致，且菲涅尔计算TracePro0.19%，说明油膜介质层中的后向散射光强及油膜底部上述分析结果表明，式（3）ImIt在激光检测埋地管道泄漏地表原油过程中均为因此当原油厚度超过2mm时，直接运用吸收光谱法检测地表泄漏污染物的理论依据不4结严琳,赵云峰,,等.全球油气管道分布现状及发展趋势[J].油气储YUXC,LIANGW,ZHANGLB,etal.Riskassessmentofthemaintenanceprocessforonshoreoilandgastransmissionpipelinesunderuncertainty[J].ReliabilityEngineering&SystemSafety,2018,177,50-67.刘晓燕刘扬孙建刚贾永英.输油管道运行优化研究[J工程热物理学报SalatiS,RuitenbeekFJA,SmethJB,etal.SpectralandgeochemicalcharacterizationofonshorehydrocarbonseepinducedaltionintheDezfulembayment,southwestIran[J].AAPGBulletin,2014,98(9):1837-1857.,邢学文,,等.祁连山冻土带天然气水合物遥感探测数据分析与评价[J].,38(2):222- (S1):111-姚志强.埋地原油管道油品泄漏扩散三维数值模拟[J].中国安全生产科学技术,11(6):132-陆强,廖光煊,,.油池火中雾卷吸现象的研究[J].工程热物理学报,2005,赵大林,,田亮,等.汽油储罐火灾燃烧特性的实验研究[J].工程热物理学报高雪利,马贵阳.埋地输油管道泄漏渗流数值模拟[J].辽宁石油化工大学学报31(2):20-HuL,LiuS,XuY,etal.Awindtunnelex