高考英语经典实用Unit2Cloning要点梳理重点突破选修8试题

作人：多莘创1．differvi.不同；相异→differentadj.不同的→differencen．不同，差异2．twinn．双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj.成对的；成双的3．straightforwardadj.简单的；直接的；坦率的4．undertakevt.着手；从事；承当→undertook(过去式)→undertaken(过去分词)5．breakthroughn．打破6．castvt.扔；投；掷→cast/cast(过去式/过去分词)7．objectvi.反对；不赞成→objectionn．不赞成；反对；异议→objectiveadj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的8．obtainvt.获得；赢得9．attainvt.获得；到达(程度、年龄、状况等)．payoff2．castdown3．payoff2．castdown3．objecttoorbidvtforbadeforbidden11．accumulatevt.积累；聚积12．owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……13．retirevi.退休；分开→retirementn．退休14．bothervt.打搅vi.操心n．烦扰15．strikevi.&vt.打；撞击；罢工→struck/struck(过去式/过去分词)16．vainadj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的17．resistvt.抵抗；对抗→resistancen．抵抗；对抗→resistantadj.18．drawbackn．缺点；不利条件19．feathern.羽毛20．adorevt.崇拜；爱慕；喜欢得到好结果；获得成功；偿清沮丧；不愉快对4．infavourof赞成；支持5．owe...to...把……归功于……7．oone’sheart使……刻骨铭心8．fromtimetotime不时；偶然9．bringbacktolife使复生；使复活10．invain白费力气；枉费心机11．ingood/poorcondition状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏12．haveagreatimpacton对……有很大影响1．ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.之后传来了多莉得了重病的令人烦恼的消息。2．AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.3．Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?因为她是克隆的，所以才早逝了吗？4．Besidesthat,thereisalsoafiercedabateoverthequestionwhetherhumancloningexperimentsshouldbeallowed.除此之外，克隆人的实验是否被允许进展的问题引起了剧烈的争论。你很荣幸地成为2021奥运会的一名志愿者，负责编写奥运比赛工程的英语介绍。请根据以下中文提纲，编写射击工程的英语介绍：1896：第一次成为奥运工程1932：重回奥运会1968：第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛评分HY：句子构造准确，信息内容完好，篇章构造连接。________________________________________________________________________Shooting,originatedasameansofsurvival,developedintoasportonlyinthelate19thcentury.Thesportfirstappearedin1896,butnonewerecontestedduringthe1904and1928Games.ThesportreturnedtotheOlympicsin1932.WomenwerefirstallowedtocompeteintheOlympicshootingin1968.Thesporthasgrownsteadilyfromjustthreeshootingeventsatthe1896OlympicGamesto17today.anOlympiceventofficiallyin1896.Yet,twiceinhistory(1904,1928)shootingwassuspendedattheOlympics.ItreturnedtotheGamesin1932,andwomenwerefirstallowedtoparticipateinthecompetitionin1968.Thesporthasbeengrowingsteadilyfrom189sthreeeventstotoday’sseventeen.1．differvi.不同；相异differentadj.不同的；有区别的；相异的differencen.不同；不同之处differfrom...不同于……differin...在……方面不同differwith/fromsb.on/aboutsth.与某人关于……意见不同bedifferentfrom与……不同makea/some/nodifferencetosb./sth.对某人/某物有/有些/没有影响或者作用differencebetweenAandB[即学即练1](1)Menareallalikeintheirpromises.Itisonlyintheirdeedsthatthey______.人在许诺时都一样，不同之处在于他们的行动。(2)Ihaveto____________you______that.在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。(3)Theraindidn‘t_______________________thegame.这场雨比照赛没有多大影响。differdifferwithmakemuchdifferenceto2．undertakevt.着手，从事，承当；承诺，容许undertakingn.任务，事业；承诺，容许undertakeatask/project承当一个任务/工程undertaketodosth.容许做某事undertakeforsth.为……负责[即学即练2](1)Thecompanyhasannouncedthatitwill_____________afullinvestigation______theaccident.公司已宣布将对这次事故进展全面调查。(2)He__________________thejobbyFriday.他容许星期五之前完成这项工作。(3)I’ll__________________yoursecurity.我将保证你的平安。undertakeundertooktofinishundertakefor3．castvt.&vi.(cast,cast)投掷；投射；抛castaside抛弃，消除，废除castbehind疏远；把……抛在脑后castdown使沮丧/不愉快castoff丢弃castone‘seyesover审视castone’smindbacktosth.回忆，回想castlighton/upon＝throwlightupon弄清楚[即学即练3](1)Don‘tbeso____________.Justkeepupyourspirits.不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！(2)Assoonastheyreachedthefishingarea,thefishermen______theirnets______thesea.渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。castdown(3)Assoonashebecamerichhe____________allhisoldfriendswhogavehimsomehelp.他一富起来就抛弃了所有曾经给过他帮助的老朋友。castaside4．objectvi.反对，不赞成n.实物；目的；对象objectionn.反对；厌恶objecttosb./sth.反对，不赞成某人/某事objecttodoingsth.反对做某事objecttosb.doingsth.反对某人做某事raiseanobjectionto(doing)sth.对……提出异议have/makeanobjectionto(doing)sth.对……表示反对[即学即练4](1)I____________theproposal.(2)We_______________________likethis.抗议这种待遇。(3)Ifeel________________________gettingupearly.objecttoobjecttobeingtreatedastrongobjectionto5．obtainvt.获得，获得；买到；借到[即学即练5](1)Ihaven‘tbeenableto_________________anywhere.我到处都没买到那本书。(2)Hefailedto__________________.他没有获得奖学金。obtainthatbookobtainascholarship(3)Detailscanbe_________________theMinistryofEducation.可以从教育部获知详情。obtainedfrom6．forbidvt.(forbade/forbad,forbidden)制止；反对forbidsb.todosth.制止某人做某事forbiddoingsth.制止做某事forbidthatshould)forbidsb.sth.制止某人某事[即学即练6](1)Ourschool______________________________.我们不允许学生吸烟。(2)Smokingshould__________________publicplaces.公一共场所应该制止吸烟。forbidsstudentstosmokebeforbiddenin(3)Hisparents__________________.他的父母不准他喝酒。forbidhimwine7．owevt.欠(钱、物、债等)；应当给予sbsthowesthtosbowe...to...把……归功于……oweittosb.that...多亏某人帮助代词、动名词做宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。othewineshop(2)He______hissuccesstohardworkandpractice.他把他的成功归功于努力工作和理论。wes(3)IfIhaveimprovedinanyway,I______italltomyteacher.假如说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的教师。(4)You______meanapology.(5)Weshoulddothedutywhichwe______toourcountry.我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。(6)I______ittoyouthatIfinishedmyworkintime.多亏你帮助，我才及时完成了工作。(7)_________totherain,theycouldnotcome.Owingbothervtvi操心n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或者人botherwith/aboutsth.花费时间是或者精力(做某事)bothersb.about/withsth.使某人烦恼，不安Itbotherssb.that.../todosth.使某人苦恼的是……bothertodo/doingsth.操心做某事[即学即练8](1)Don't_________Marywhileshe'sreading.玛丽读书的时候不要打搅她。(2)Idon'twantto_________you______myproblems.我不想让你因为我的问题而烦心。(3)Don't____________________thattriflingmatter.件小事烦恼。botherbotherwithbotherabout9．strikevt.&vi.打，撞击，冲击，罢工，打动，划燃，侵袭，突然想起n．罢工，打击bestruckwith(by)为……所侵袭；为……所触动(感动)Itstrikesmethat...我觉得……；我的印象是……strikeon/upon打在……上；撞到……上[即学即练9](1)Theworkers____________/____________becausetheywantedmoremoney.工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。当钟敲响了五点，罢工开场了。werestrikingonstrikestruckfive(3)Thematch____________becauseofthemoistureoftheair.由于空气潮湿，火柴划不着。(4)________________________noneofthemtrustseachother.他们当中没有一个人信赖对方这使我震惊。won’tstrikeItstrikesmethat(5)Greatdamagehasbeencausedbythetornadowhich______thearealastweek.上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了宏大的损失。k10．resistv.忍住；顶住；抵御；对抗resistancen.对抗resistantadj.抵抗的；耐……的resiststh.抵抗、阻挡某事resistdoingsth.反对做某事can‘tresistdoingsth.忍不住做某事beresistantto对……有抵抗力(1)Theriverbankscouldnot水压。(2)Ahealthydietshouldhelpyourbody___________.安康饮食有助于身体抵抗感染。(3)Icouldhardly____________.不住笑了起来。resistthewaterpressureresistinfectionresistlaughing11．payoff得到好结果；获得成功；还清paymoneyforsth.付钱买……payforsth.买……payback还钱，报复payout付出大笔款项；放松payup付清欠款[即学即练11](1)They____________theirdebtaftertenyears.十年后他们还清了债务。(2)Twohundredworkershave__________________.(3)Theytookahellofariskbutit____________.他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。paidoffbeenpaidoffpaidoff12．infavourof赞成；支持infavour赞同；流行；得宠infavourwithsb.受某人支持insb.‘sfavour对某人有利outoffavour失宠；不流行dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.帮某人忙dosb.thefavourtodosth.帮某人做……owesb.afavour欠某人情[即学即练12](1)Areyou__________________cloningor__________cloning?你是支持还是反对克隆(技术)?(2)Therewere247votes_________________theplanand152against.infavourofagainstinfavourof(3)She‘snot__________________themediajustnow.(4)Theexchangerateis__________________atthemoment.目前汇率对我们有利。(5)Couldyou________________________andpickupSamfromschool?infavourwithinourfavourdomeafavour13．beboundto一定；注定boundv.跳跃；限制；形成……的界限n.跳跃；界限，范围adj.必然的，一定的；准备到……去的beboundtosth.被束缚于某物；被绑在某物上beboundtodosth.一定会、有义务去做某事bebound(for...)准备(去……)beboundupin热心于，忙于beboundupwith与……有亲密关系I'llbebound...我确信……[即学即练13](1)It‘s__________________sunnyagaintomorrow.明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。(2)We_________________obeythelaw.我们有义务遵守法律。areboundto(3)Theplane__________________NewYork.这架飞机是飞往纽约的。(4)He'stoo_________________hisworktohavemuchtimeforhischildren.他工作太忙，没有时间是多陪孩子们。isboundforboundupin14．ingood/badcondition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)beingoodcondition(＝beinagoodstate)onditionworking/livingconditions工作/生活条件indifficultconditions在困难的条件下onthis/thatcondition在这种/那种条件下tionsin/underfavourableconditions在有利的形势下[即学即练14](1)Thecarisstill_________________.车状况仍然良好。(2)Theminersthereworked__________________.那里的矿工们在极其恶劣的环境中工作。ingoodconditionindreadfulconditions(3)Youmust_________________tellhimwhathashappened.你无论在什么情况下都不可告诉他所发生的事。(4)I’lldoit__________________youpayforeverything.我可以做此事，条件是你得支付一切费用。onnoconditiononconditionthat1．Then_camethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。(1)表示方位、时间是或者方式的副词或者介词短语，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,intheroom,onthewall等置于句首①Look,herecomesthebus.看，公一共汽车来了。②Outrushedthechildren.孩子们冲了出去。③Theregoesthebell.铃响了。(2)本句中的news与thatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill是同位语关系。一个名词或者代词后面有时可接一个单词、短语或者从句，对前者做进一步的解释，说明它指的是谁或者是什么，这就是同位语。①Weheardofthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听说了我们队赢了这一消息。②Wemustfacethefactthatwehaverunoutofallthemoney.我们必须面对我们已花完了钱这一事实。[即境活用1](1)Inthedarkforests______，somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.A．standmanylakesB．liemanylakesC．manylakeslieD．manylakesstand解析：表地点的介词短语放在句首时用完全倒装，表示某物位于某处用动词lie。(2)Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass______hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.A．whyB．thatC．whereD．because解析：考察同位语从句。句意为：他没来上课，因他必须到机场接他叔叔，没人相信这个理由。hisreason后接同位语从句，由forbeingabsentfromtheclass是个完好的句子，应选B项。2．Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?young为形容词，在句中做状语。在描绘性文字中，形容词(短语)或者形容词化的分词有时起状语作用，说明主句所述的原因、时间是或者主语所处境况或者意义增补。表原因的形容词(短语)或者形容词化的分词多放在句首，句子的主语亦是其逻辑主语。表原因的形容词(短语)相当于原因状语从句。如：Thirstyandhungry(＝Ashewasthirstyandhungry),hewenttoafarmer‘scottagetoaskforsomethingtoeat.由于又饥又渴，他来到一家农舍要点吃的。Frightened(＝Becauseshewasfrightened),sheaskedmetogowithher.，她要我跟她一起去。形容词(短语)表主语动作发生的时间是，放在句首。其作用相当于一个时间是状语从句。如：Ripe(＝Whentheyareripe),theorangestastesweet.这些橘子熟了时，味道甜美。(3)说明主语的境况或者意义增补形容词(短语)表示主语所处境况或者意义增补时，常放在句末。相当于一个和前面句子并列的句子。如：Holmesfoundthemanlyingonthefloor,dead(＝andhewasdead).福尔摩斯发现那个人躺在地板上，死了。Onewomanwaslyinginbed,awake(＝andshewasawake).有位妇女醒着躺在床上。Foramomentshejuststoodthere,unable(＝andshewasunable)tobelievewhathadjusthappened.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚刚发生的事情。[即境活用2](2021·)Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,______.A．hungryandtiredlyB．hungryandtiredC．hungrilyandtiredlyD．hungrilyandtired解析：此题考察形容词做状语。1.bother/disturb/trouble/annoy这组词都表示“使人不得〞或者“心烦意乱〞。(1)bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太，可能是成心的，含有使人讨厌的意味。(2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。(3)trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或者行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的恳求。(4)annoy通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。[应用1](1)Idon’twantto_________you______myproblems.我不想让你因为我的问题而担忧。(2)What’s___________you－moneyproblems?(3)Thesefliesare___________me.这些苍蝇一直在烦我。botherwithtroublingannoying(4)Theywerechargedwith______________publicpeace.他们被指控扰乱社会治安。disturbing2.obtain/earn/gain/get/win(1)obtain应用范围较广，含有“如期地到达目的或者得到所希望的东西〞之意，多用于正式场合。(2)earn表示经过艰辛努力而得到报酬，或者得到了理应享有的某种待遇，其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等。(3)gain指通过斗争、竞争或者付出劳动而获得某种优势或者到达某种目的。其宾语通常是经历、优势、利益、好处等。(4)get最常用，可指主动去“获得，得到〞，也可能是被迫“承受〞，有时指不一定需要主动性或者付出很大努力就能得到。(5)win多指在竞赛中“获得，赢得〞，有时也用于指在战争中“获得〞成功，宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等。[应用2](1)She______richexperienceinteaching.她获得了丰富的教学经历。(2)She______abadcoldyesterday.她昨天得了重感冒。(3)They______thebasketballmatch.他们打赢了这场篮球赛。gainedwon(4)Wewishedto______thefirsthandinformation.我们希望得到第一手情报。(5)He______800yuanofwagesamonth.(6)Thiscustomstill__________insomedistricts.这种风俗在某些地区仍然流行。obtainnsobtains3.strike/hit/beat/knock这四个词均有“打〞的意思。strike出(火)，(2)hit指“打中〞“对准……来打〞“敲打或者打击对方的某一点〞，还可用来表示传染病或者自然灾害“袭击〞某一地区，而其他动词一般不这样用。作“被……想起〞讲时，与strike同义。(3)beat侧重“连续地打击〞，如殴打或者体罚；也指在游戏、竞赛或者战争中击败对方；也指“心跳〞。(4)knock侧重于“敲打，叩击〞，常用做不及物动词，通常与at连用。[应用3]用hit,strike,beat,knock的适当形式填空(1)Hisheart______violently.(2)In2021,H1N1______China.(3)Iwas______byheryouthandenthusiasm.(4)Please______atthedoorbeforeentering.beatshitkknock(5)______whiletheironishot.(6)Happily,weheardourteam______theJapaneseteam.(7)Thestone______himonthehead.Strikebeathit考1．Thebrothersd______widelyintheirtastes.2．Thisquestionisquites____________________，whilethatoneismuchmorecomplicated.3．Theproblemhasbeenb__________meforweeks.4．Smokingisf___________inpublicplaces.5．Hissuggestionsoundsquiter___________tomostofus.differstraightforwardbotheringforbiddenreasonable6．Thefilmwasa_____________(商业的)success.7．I'dliketocome,too,ifyouhaveno_________(反对)．8．He______(仅仅)askedusournames.9．Wehavemadeanother__________________(打破)inspaceexploration.10．Healwaysmanagedto______(得到)whathemercialobjectionmerelybreakthroughobtainA．GenerallyC．ExtremelyIwouldonlystaythereforaweek,butlaterIchangedmymind.B．InitiallyD．Eventuallyy2．Hearingthenewsthathedidn'tpassthefinalexam,hebecame______atonce.A．casteddownB．castdownC．castoffD．castedoff3．Moneyspentonthebrainisneverspent______.A．ineaseB．inangerC．invainD．incomfort4．Ineedtotakemoreexerciseregularly,becauseI’mreally______thesedays.A．inbadconditionsB．outofconditionC．onnoconditionD．inbadstate5．Toourjoy,therearesomany______inscienceandtechnologyallovertheworldinrecentyears.A．discoveryB．breakthroughsC．findingsD．invention复数形式还有一特别含义，指“(HY会等的)调查结果，报告〞，不合句意。6．Everybodypresentsmiled.SallyspokeEnglish______.A．aloudandclearB．loudandclearC．loudlyandclearD．loudandclearly明白地，如speakclearly说话清楚。7．Wearebound______withdifficultiesincarryingoutthisresearch.A．tomeetB．tohavemetC．meetingD．havingmet解析：考察beboundtodosth.“一定会……；注定(做)……〞。8．Thechildismuchtooyoung;Iobject______himaloneathome.A．toleaveB．leaveC．leavingD．toleaving9．Theforty－storeybuildingisoneofthemostchallengingengineeringprojectstheyhave______.A．undergoneB．overtakenC．understoodD．undertakeneD10．Theresultofthefootballmatch,______thesurpriseofusall,was2to1______ourfavour.A．in;toB．to;toC．in;inD．to;in11．I______suggestedyoushoulddoitagain;thereisnoneedtogetannoyed.A．merelyB．evenC．stillD．yet12．Althoughateenager,Fredcouldnotresist______whattodoandwhatnottodo.A．tellingB．totellC．beingtoldD．tobetold解析：考察can‘tresistdoingsth.“不能忍受……〞，且句中表被动意义，用beingtold“被告知〞。13．Thoughwetakeagreatriskofinvestingintheproject,yetitwill______inthelongrun.A．gooffB．turnupC．payoffD．comeuppanMEddisonitModerntechnologyecologyanapologyA．says;owesB．puts;makesC．put;owesD．said;owed15．______aterriblestormwouldtakeplaceinHainan.A．WordcamewhichB．WordcamethatC．WordthatcameD．Wordscamethat解析：word在此句中是“消息〞的意思，不可数名词，that引导的是同位语从句aterriblestormwouldtakeplaceinHainan。Ⅲ.完形填空Inthedoorwayofmyhome,Ilookedcloselyatmy23－year－oldson,Daniel.InafewhourshewouldbeflyingtoFranceto__1__adifferentlife.Itwasatransitional(过渡的)timeinDaniel'slife.Iwantedto__2__himsomewordsofsignificance.Butnothingcamefrommylips,andthiswasnotthe__3__timeIhadletsuchmomentspass.WhenDanielwasfive,Itookhimtothebusstoponhisfirstdayofkindergarten.Heasked,“Whatisitgoingtobelike,Dad?CanIdoit？〞Thenhewalked__4__thestepsofthebusanddisappearedinside.ThebusdroveawayandIsaidnothing.Adecadelater,asimilar__5__playeditselfout.Idrovehimtocollege.AsIstartedtoleave,Itriedtothinkofsomethingtosaytogivehim__6__andconfidenceashestartedthisnewstageoflife.Again,words__7__me.Now,asIstoodbeforehim,Ithoughtofthose__8__opportunities.HowmanytimeshaveIletsuchmoments__9__?Idon'tfindaquietmomenttotellhimwhattheyhave__10__tome,orwhathemight__11__tofaceintheyearsahead.MaybeIthoughtitwasnotnecessarytosayanything.Whatdoesitmatterinthecourseofalifetimeifafathernevertellsasonwhathereallythinksofhim?__12__asIstooddsNowIcouldfeelmypalmssweatandmythroattighten.Whyisitso__15__totellasonsomethingfromtheheart?Mymouthturneddry,andIknewIwouldbeabletogetoutonlyafewwordsclearly.“Daniel，〞Isaid,“ifIcouldhavepicked,Iwouldhavepickedyou.〞That‘sallIcouldsay.Hehuggedme.Foramoment,theworld__16__，andtherewerejustDanielandme.Hewassayingsomething,buttearsmistedmyeyes,andIcouldn'tunderstandwhathewassaying.AllIwas__17__ofwasthestubble(短须)onhischinashisfacepressed__18__mine.WhatIhadsaidtoDanielwas__19__.Itwasnothing.Andyet,itwas__20__.1．A.expe