必修五Unit3Lifeinthefuture单元回顾

Unit3重点知识回顾一：单词精讲privateadj.1)私人的；个人的2)私下的,保密的;1)Whenchildrengrowup,theyareeagertogetprivateroomsforthemselves.当孩子长大了，他们都渴望有自己的房间。2)Iwishtohaveaprivatetalkwithyou.我想私底下和你谈谈。汉译英老师应该允许孩子具有自己的观点。_______________________________________________________________________________Teachersshouldallowchildrentohavetheirprivateopinion.settlementn.1)定居点[C]2)（解决纷争的）协议[C]3)解决，处理[U]1)TheIndiansoftenattackedthesettlementsofthecolonist.印地安人经常袭击殖民者的定居点。2)Thestrikersandtheemployershavereachedasettlementovernewworkingconditions.罢工者已经与顾主就新的工作条件达成了协议。3)Afterthesettlementofourdifferences,webecamefriends.消除分歧后，我们成了朋友。[拓展]settlev.定居cometoasettlement解决;决定;和解settleinCanada.定居加拿大settledown安顿下来：过稳定有序的生活：impressionn.印；印痕；印记；印象；意念；概念1)Yourperformancegavemeastrongimpression．你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。2)WhatIsaidmadenoimpressiononhim．我的话对他不起作用。[拓展]impressv.留下印象impresssth．on／uponone'smind把……牢记在心上haveanimpressionofsth．／doingsth．that…makeanimpressiononsb．给某人留下印象makenoimpressionon对……无影响／效果givesb．afavorableimpression给某人以好印象animpressionofsb'sfoot某人的脚印remindv.提醒；使想起1)Thepictureremindsmeofmycollegedays．这张照片使我想起了大学里的日子。2)Remindmetowritetofather．请提醒我给父亲写信。3)PleaseremindmethatImustcallherupbeforenine.请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。[拓展]remindsb．ofsth．=remindsb．about...提醒某人某事；remindsb．that也可以表示“提醒某人做某事”或“使某人想起去做某事”。[典例]Whatyousaidjustnow_____meofthatAmericanprofessor.A.mentionedB.informedC.remindedD.memorized【解析】remindsb.ofsth.使/让某人想起某事；informedsb.ofsth.通知某人事情。A,D都无此结构。答案：C。previousadj.先的,前的;事前的;以前的[拓展]previousto在……之前1）Hedidbetterinhispreviousstudy.他在预习方面做得好。2）Hispreviousattemptwassuccessful.他以前的尝试成功了。3）Previoustotheconferencewehaddiscussedthematter.在会议召开之前,我们讨论了这个问题.lackvt.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西[拓展]lacksth.(wisdom／commonsense／money缺乏智慧／常识/金钱)belackingin(courage／determinationtodo...)缺乏做某事的勇气／决心a／thelackof………的缺乏forlackof因缺乏……havenolackof不缺乏1)Youwillnotbelackinginsupportfromme.你将得到我的帮助2)Ilackedfornothing.我不需要任何东西v.需要；要求；命令require+n./pron./doingsth./todosth．/that-clause1)Thissuggestionwillrequirecarefulthought.这建议需要仔细考虑。2)Tocarryoutthisplanwouldrequireincreasingourstaffby50％．执行这—计划需要增加50％的人员。vt.／vi．帮助；援助订．参与，出席assistsb．in/withsth．辅助(某人)某事assistsb．indoingsth．辅助(某人)做某事assistsb．todosth．辅助(某人)做某事assistwith帮助(照料，做)；在……上给予帮助1)Iamwillingtoassistyouwheneverthereisanopportunity．有机会我愿随时帮你。2)I'mafraidIcan'tassistyou，youhavetogoandseethemanager．我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。adj.无常的,不确定的,不可预测的,靠不住的Theywereworriedabouttheirson’suncertainfuture.aladyofuncertainage[常用作幽默语]无法猜出其年令的女士;中年妇女apersonofuncertaincharacter朝秦暮楚的人uncertainweather变化无常的天气anuncertaintemper难以捉摸的脾气beuncertainabout／ofsth.Beuncertainif∕whether∕what..IwasuncertainaboutwhoIshouldcall.Helookedup,uncertainwhetherheshouldcontinue.Uncertaintyn.Thereisagreatdealofuncertaintyaboutthecompany.二：重点词组1.takeup从事；占(时间、空间、注意力、等)；继续1)Thistabletakesuptoomuchroom．这张桌子太占地方。2)Shehastakenupajobasateacher．她当上老师了。3)Thischaptertakesupwherethelastoneoff．本章继续上一章的内容。[拓展]takeoff脱掉（衣服等）；起飞：打折：作为折扣而减价：takeover接管：获得对…的控制或管理takeapart拆开：分开后将…分成许多部分takefor把…视作：误认为take…forgranted认为……是理所当然takedown写下,记下takeback收回(诺言);similarto与……相似1)Hisviewsaresimilartomine.他的观点与我的很相似.2)Theyaresimilartoeachotherinappearance.他们在长相上非常相似。[拓展]befamiliarto…对某人来说是熟悉的befamiliarwith某人对…很熟悉inasimilarway以与...相似的方式如果我们总是以相似的方法去思考,我们几乎不能跳出这个圈子。_______________________________________________________________________________Wecanhardlyescapethecircleifwestillthinkinasimilarway.sightof/catchsightof不再看见....../瞥见……[拓展]get／have(a)sightof看见，发现at(the)sightof一看见atfirstsight乍一见outofsight不被看见，在视线之外outofsightof在……看不见的地方in／withinsight被见到，在视线内in／withinsightof在……看得见的地方汉译英尽管忙于家务，那个母亲也能让孩子不走出她的视线。_______________________________________________________________________________Thoughbusywithhousework,themotherstillcankeepherchildinsight.impressionsimpression[c]/[u]印象---impressvtHisspeechmadequiteanimpressionontheaudience.Firstimpressionsaremostlasting.WhatisyourfirstimpressionofMaoming?leave/make/havean/noimpressionon…给某人(没)留下…印象beundertheimpressionthat觉得,以为(不说inone’simpression)impress1)v.使(某人)印象深刻通常用于被动语态,不用于进行时,常用于下列结构:beimpressedby/at/withsth.beimpressedonone’smind/memoryTheteachersweremostimpressedbyyourperformanceintheexam.2)v.使(某人)铭记impresssthonsb/impresssbwithsthMyfatherimpressedonmethevalueofhardwork.=Myfatherimpressedmewiththevalueofhardwork.up打扫；横扫[拓展]sweepaside放[堆]到一边,不予理会sweepaway扫清,迅速消灭,肃清,冲走sweepoff扫清;吹走;大量清除sweepout扫掉;清除sweepover将...一扫而光1)Aftertheparty,thehouseneeded____________.2)Theleaveswere_________intotheairbythestrongwind.A.sweepoffB.sweepoverC.sweepupD.sweepoutKeys:up2.sweptupup加速speed(速度)+up(上)，让速度跟上，即加速。Thecarspedupwhentherewasnoone.没有人时汽车加速了。【拓展】和speed搭配的常见短语：ataspeedof以……的速度withspeed快速地atfull/topspeed全速地backonone’sfeet(困境后)恢复，重新站起；再次崛起，东山再起Hegotagoodjob,soheshouldbebackonhisfeetsoon.Standonone’sowntwofeet自立，自助Struggletoone’sfeetGet／Risetoone’sfeetJumptoone’sfeetin帮助；援助Weallassistedinmendingtheroof.我们都帮助修理屋顶。搭配：assist(sb.)indoingsth.或assist(sb.)in/withsth.帮助某人做某事辨析：assist比help文气或更正式；当被帮助人不参与部分工作时，不用assist。如ifsomeoneisindifficulties,youhelp(不用assist)them.要是有人处于困境，你去帮助他们。Theyassistedinpumpingwater.他们帮助抽水。Theyassistedthedoctorinperformingtheoperation.他们帮助那个医生动手术。三：重点句子1．Whatproblemsdoyouthinkpeopleinthefuturewillhaveovercome?你认为未来的人们将克服什么问题?此句为复杂疑问句，其句式结构为：疑问词+doyouthink+其余部分(其余部分为陈述语序),doyouthink为插入成分。能用于此句型的动词有：think，believe，suppose，imagine，suggest，expect等。1)Whodoyouthinkisthetallestinyourclass?你认为在你们班谁最高?2)Whatdoyoubelievematterswhenwetakeupthework?你认为我们从事这项工作什么东西最要紧?3)Whodoyousupposewillwinthegame?你认为谁会赢得这比赛?[考点]1)如果此句型的动词后面的从句里有否定意义，往往要把否定前置。如：Idon'tthinkit’srighttodoso．我想这样做是不对的。2)该句型变反意疑问句，主句主语是第一人称且是现在时态时，反问部分与从句一致，否则与主句一致。如:IthinkthathehasbeentoBeijing，hasn'the?Hethinksthattheirteamaresuretowinthegame，doesn'the?2.Thisissimilartothe“jetlag”yougetwhenflying,…这与你在飞行过程中的时差反应是相类似的。Whenflying是whenyouareflying的省略形式。在有些表时间、条件、方式或让步的从句中，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，就常常可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。1)Whenaskedwhere’sthetoilet,thewaitressshowedthewaypolitelytotheguest.当被问及厕所在哪时，服务员非常有礼貌地给客人带路。2)Untilfinishingthehomework,thechildwasallowedtowatchthecartoonfilm.直至完成作业，小孩才允许看卡通片。3)Ifnecessary,youcancallhelpfromthepolice.有必要时，你可以求助警察局。.Thelastonethousandyears在过去一千年时间里inthelast/past+时间表示在过去多长时间里,与之连用的时态用现在完成时态Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowninthelasttenyears.aresult,Isufferedfrom“timelag”.1)asaresult(of)结果;由于…的结果Heworkedhard,andasaresult,hegotpromotedquickly.Shewaslateforschoolthismorningasaresultofthesnow.=Therewasasnow.Asaresult,shewaslate.resultfrom=liein因为,源自主语是结果,宾语是原因resultin=leadto结果为…,终归,导致主语是原因,宾语是结果Herbeinglateresultedfromthetrafficjam.Thetrafficjamresultedinhisbeinglate.5.suffervt.&vi.受到,遭受;受苦ACsufferfrom受…之苦;患…Afterthebigfire,thefactorysufferedagreatloss.Hesufferedforhiscarelessness.Sheoftensuffersfromheadaches.Ex.①_____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered②_____fromhearttroubleforyears,professorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered6.Thesixofuswerecalledtothecapsuletogetherandclimbedinthroughtheroundopening.1)thesixofus我们六个人ThesixofuswenttoJinan.sixofus我们中的六个人SixofuswenttoJinan.havetoconstantlyrubmyeyestoremindmyselfthatIhave….(1)constantlyadv.经常地，反复地constantadj.经常的，不变的，忠贞的老人的手不停的颤抖.Theoldman’shandsshookconstantly.bythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.(1)confusedby…过去分词短语,作原因状语.(2)surroundings专指自然环境,从周围的事物这一客体着眼.用复数.environment可指自然环境,也可指精神环境,均从环境对人的感受,道德观念的影响着眼.用单数.eg:Theboygrewupinbeautifulsurroundingsbutnotinahappyhomeenvironment.9.Ifeltbetterinnotime.innotime=atonceatnotime=not…atallTheywillbebackinnotime.他们马上就回来.[拓展]allthetime一直atalltimes随时,永远attimes有时foratime暂且,短时间内forthetimebeing暂且atatime依次,逐一,每次atonetime从前10．Thesehoveringcarriages…bybendingandpressingdownonthe….canmoveswiftly.(1)bydoing常表方式,方法或手段.她靠卖报纸挣钱.Sheearnedmoneybysellingnewspapers(2)bend①使弯曲,屈身她弯下腰捡起一块石头Shebentdownandpickedupastone.②集中(全力)于她专心致志于这项工作.Shebenthermindtothejob.(3)pressv./n.按,压,挤;新闻;逼迫Ipressedthebuttonbutnobodyansweredthedoor.(4)swiftlyadv.迅速的,敏捷的swiftadj.他沿着黑暗的街道迅速地走回家去.Hewalkedswiftlytowardshomedownthedarkstreet.【拓展】swift侧重动作的轻快,顺利;rapid侧重事物的进展迅速,表示动作快可与swift互换;quick侧重动作的快,与swift可互换;fast侧重速度的快.1.SoonIwasbackonmyfeetagainandfollowedhimtocollectahoveringcarriagedrivenbycomputer.很快我又重新振作起来，然后跟随他领取了一部由电脑控制的气垫车.1）backonone'sfeet经受打击后重新站起来，再次恢复了健康2）drivenbycomputer在句中作定语,相当于whichwasdrivenbycomputer；过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句：Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.外国专家所提出的建议被经理采纳了。PastparticipleusedasAdverbial&Attribute——高考专讲过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。一：过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。过去分词作状语可表时间,原因,让步,结果,方式,条件等。a、表示时间Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.=Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示条件Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.=Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.c、表示原因Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.=Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.d、表示伴随情况Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.=Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.e、表示让步Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.=Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.1.过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系(作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在着被动关系);现在分词