定语从句讲解及练习

定语从句概念：定语从句是修饰一个名词或代词的从句。构成：定语从句必须包含先行词和关系词两个部分。先行词由一个名词或代词担当；关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系副词：wherewhenwhy关系代词that,which,who,whom,用法：1.必须在定语从句中作主语或宾语。2.作引导词的功能。关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语。关系副词when,where,why的用法：在定语从句中作状语。因此要区别该用关系代词还是关系副词，就要看它在定语从句中所作的成份。运用：1由关系代词引导的定语从句a.that在从句中可作主语或宾语，指人或物。例：Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.(作主语，指物)whoisthemanthatisworkingoverthere?(作主语，指人)b.which在从句中可作主语或宾语，指物。例：ThisisthebikewhichIboughtyesterday.(作宾语，指物，可省略)c.who在从句中作主语，指人。例：TheboywhoisstandingunderthetreeiscalledJim.(作主语，指人)d.whom在从句中作宾语，指人，在口语中可用who代替。例：Doyouknowthepersonwhomwemetatthegatejustnow?e.whose在从句中作定语，指人。例：ThisisMrWangwhosewifeworksinabighospital.(作定语，指人)2．由关系副词引导的定语从句a.when在从句中作状语，指时间。例：I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.b.where在从句中作状语，指地点。例：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.c.why在从句中作状语，指原因。例：Idon’tknowthereasonwhytheydidn’tcometotheparty.3.that与which的区别与联系：a.that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物，可代替who,whom,which(不包括非限定性定语从句)。b.that和which在从句中作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时，在口语中常省略。c.在which引导的定语从句中，当which从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般可放在which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不能放在which之前。例：ThehouseinwhichLuXunoncelivedisnowtheLuXunMuseum.=ThehousewhichLuXunoncelivedinisnowtheLuXunMuseum.Thisisthebagwhichyouarelookingfor.(lookfor不能分开，是固定词组)d.而在that引导的定语从句中，当that在从句中作谓语动词加介词的宾语时，that不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。例：Thevillagethatshelivesinistwentykilometersaway.(in不能放在that前)4．只能用that的情况a.在序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要用that。例：HanMeiisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverknown.b.当all,everything,nothing,something,anything,few,none,theone等不定代词作先行词时，要用that.例：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttotellme?定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。复合句：Themanwho(that)cameisMike.先行词关系代词LiMingistheonethatgotfullmarksinourclass.先行词关系代词上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句.一定语从句的关系代词Which的用法:若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.Thisisthepenwhichwasgivenbymyfriend.先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语Thisisthepenwhichmyfriendgavetome.先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语二定语从句的关系代词Who的用法:若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)Themanwhoiswearingawhitesuitismybrother.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语Themanwho\whomhewantedtoseelastweekisinShanghai.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.三定语从句的关系代词Whom的用法:若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语),与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whomThisistheteacherwhom\whowelikebest.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语Sheisthegirlwhom\whoIwentwiththere.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.四定语从句的关系代词that的用法:若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语Theanimalthat\whichislostisapanda.先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语Sheisthepersonthat\whoweareworriedabout.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语注意1that\which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which,不用that(1)

关系代词前有介词时.Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.(2)

如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromtheliberarywhichwasnewlyopen(新开放)tous.注意2that\which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that,不用which.(1)

先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstairpollution(反对空气污染)incities.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.(2)

先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.(3)

主句中已有疑问词时Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(4)

先行词既有人又有物时Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunover(撞倒了)anoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.(5)

先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.Imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.(6)

先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery等词修饰时Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.LiMingistheonlyonethatgotfullmarks(满分)inourclass.LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclass.(7)

有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用thatEdisonbuiltupafactory(办了一个工厂)whichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.定语从句的关系副词Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.Thisisthehouse+Iwasborninthehouse.(=Iwasbornthere)介词短语副词=ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.先行词关系副词 inwhichIwasborn.介词+关系代词whichIwasbornin.关系代词这里作介宾的which和that可以省略thatIwasbornin关系代词.练习：用which，where填空1Thisisthefactorytheywanttovisit。2Mysisterworksinabookshopinwecanreadmanykindsofbooks3Haveyouvisitedthecitythefamousscientistwasborn?4Isthisthemuseumtheyvisitedlastmonth?5Hebuiltatelescopethroughhecouldstudytheskies.6

Thepencilwith________hewrotewasbroken.7

Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?8

Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.9

Don’tgoin,thisistheshop_____wehavejustbeento。10

Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday_____.二定语从句的关系副词When的用法:若先行词指时间且其在定语从句中充当时间状语.Hecameatatime+weneededhelpatatime.介词短语=Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp关系副词atwhichweneededhelp介词+关系代词whichweneededhelpat关系代词这里的作介宾的which和that可以省略thatweneededhelpat三关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是thereason，它的关系副词就是why。如：ThereasonwhyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutotheparty.用适当的关系词填空：1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.

2.I'llneverforgettheday________

wemeteachotherlastweek.

3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.

4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.

5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.

6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.

7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?

8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?

9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?

10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?

11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.

12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.

13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.

14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.

15.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.

16.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

17.Themoment_____Isawyou,Irecognized(认出)you.

18.Thisistheverynovelabout____we'vetalkedsomuch.

19.Thisistheway____hedidit.

20.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforsc