必修三各单元语言点

Unit1FestivalsaroundtheworldWarmingup1.Festivalsaremeanttocelebrateimportanttimesofyear.节日是用来庆祝一年的重要时光的。bemeanttodo/bemeantfor应该是按道理说打算（作…用）Ibelieveheismeanttobeasoldier.我相信他天生是要当军人的。Theseroomsaremeantfortheclassroom.拓展：meandoing意味着做什么meantodo打算做什么2.Discusswhentheytakeplaceandwhatpeopledoatthattime.

takeplace：vi不加宾语无被动发生(happen/occur/comeabout)：Theaccidenttookplaceyesterday.举行：Themeetingwilltakeplacenextweek.=Themeetingwillbeheldnextweek.

拓展：taketheplaceofsb=takesb’splace代替某人3.thebeautyofthefullmoon，harvest满月的美、收获beauty美[U]I’llneverforgetthebeautyofthatlake.漂亮的人或东西[U]Yourwife/gardenisabeauty.Harvestn收获收割Aheavysnowpromisesagoodharvest.瑞雪兆丰年。vt/vi收获收割Ploughdeeperandharvestmore.深耕细作多打粮Mostofthecropshavebeenharvested.大多数庄稼已被收割。ReadingI：Festivalsandcelebrations1.Festivalsandcelebrationsofallkindshavebeenheldeverywheresinceancienttimes.自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。celebration：n.[C,U]庆祝，祝贺Holdacelebration.举行庆祝会拓展：incelebrationof=forthecelebrationof为庆祝Weheldapartyincelebrationofthisvictory.celebratevt.庆祝，祝贺Hisvictorywascelebratedwithmusicanddancing.of…kind：…种类的，kind在这里做后置定语时，谓语动词由前面的主语决定；注意：但当kind做主语时，语动词由kind决定。比较：Booksofthiskindsellwell.=Thiskindofbookssellswell.2.Atthattimepeoplewouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind,especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths.在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。woulddo表示过去常常做某事注意：would不能表示过去的状态而usedto既可以表示状态也可以表示动作；usedtodo不能跟表示确定时间段的状语连用但would可以；starve：vt/vi(使)饿死；饿得要死I’dratherstarvethansteal.我宁可饿死也不做贼.Itissillytostarveyourselfjusttobeskinny.为了显得有骨感而挨饿是愚昧的。Millionsofpeoplestarvedtodeathduringthewar.战争期间成百万的人们饿死了。Theenemyistryingtostarveustodeath.敌人在试图把我们饿死。拓展：starvetodeath饿死：Hegotlostinthedesertandstarvedtodeath.starve/longfor渴望：Thehomelesschildrenstarveforlove.

starvation(n.)饿死：dieofstarvation3.Somefestivalsareheldtohonourthedeadortosatisfytheancestors,whomightreturneithertohelportodoharm.有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上给人们提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。honour(v.)“尊敬，给…增光”（n.）“荣誉，光荣，敬意拓展：winhonourfor…为…争光showhonourtosb.尊敬某人inhonourofsb.(sth.)=insb.’s/sth’shonour出于对某人的敬意Therewillbeapartyinhonorofhissuccess.为庆祝他的成功将会举行一个晚会。return：返回vi归还vt试比较：returntoLondon回到伦敦returnthebooktothelibrary.把书还给图书馆。satisfy：(vt.)使满意，令人满意Thatanswerwon’tsatisfyher.那个答案不会使她满意。拓展：satisfied（adj.）满意的（主语是人）satisfaction（n.）满意satisfactory(adj.)令人满意的（主语是事而不是人）satisfying（adj.）令人满意的（主语是事）练一练：She’ssatisfiedwithherson’sprogress.对于儿子的进步她感到很满意。

Doyouthinkwhathesaidissatisfying?你认为他所见的令人满意吗？doharmto/beharmfulto/bebadfor对…有害Whatyoudoshoulddomoregoodthanharm.你所做的应该利大于弊。4.…gotocleangravesandlightincenseinmemoryoftheirancestors…….去上坟、扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。inmemoryof：纪念；追念Thislibrarywasbuiltinmemoryofthescientist.这图书馆是为纪念那位科学家而建的Thismuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthegreatwriter-LuXun.博物馆是纪念伟大作家鲁迅而建造的。拓展：frommemory凭记忆Hemadethespeechfrommemory.他脱稿演讲。

5.Onthisimportantfeastday,peopleeatfoodintheshapeofskullsandcakeswith“bones”onthem.在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃颅骨形状的食品和装点有骨头的蛋糕。intheshapeof：以的形状Shehasawatchintheshapeofarabbit.她有一只小兔子形状的手表。feast：n[C]节日；盛宴，盛会Therearenofeastsintheworldwhichdonotbreakupatlast.天下没有不散的筵席。拓展：afeastfortheeyes大饱眼福beyondbelief难以置信6.TheWesternholidayHalloweenalsohaditsorigininoldbeliefsaboutthereturnofthespiritsofdeadpeople.西方的万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。origin：n.[C]起源由来。起因Theoriginofthecustomisunknown.习俗的由来不为人所知拓展：originaladj.最初的，最早的。religious：adj.宗教上的，信奉宗教的，虔诚的。religionn宗教；宗教信仰7.Itisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandtotheirneighbors’hometoaskforsweets.万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。dressup：乔装打扮dressupas打扮成…的样子dressupin穿…衣服打扮Itisquiteaninformalgathering,youneedn’tdressupforit.这是一个相当不正式的聚会，你没必要盛装打扮的。HedressedupasFatherChristmas.他打扮成圣诞老人。Childrenoftenenjoydressingupintheirparents’clothes.孩子们喜欢穿父母的衣服（扮大人）

拓展：Hedressedverywell.他穿得很漂亮。bedressedinwhite穿着白衣服Dressyourselfquickly.你快点穿衣服8.Iftheneighborsdonotgiveanysweets,thechildrenmightplayatrickonthem.如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。playatrick/tricksonsb捉弄某人

Thechildrenplayedatrickontheirteacher.孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。trick：n诡计恶作剧窍门vt欺骗诈骗Dishonestbusinessmensometimesusetricks.不诚实的商人有时使用诡计。TellingsomeonehisshoeisuntiedisanoldAprilFool’strick.告诉某人他的鞋带开了十一个老的愚人节恶作剧Thereisatricktomakinggoodcoffee.有一个沏好咖啡的窍门

拓展：trickinto诱使…骗得…Hetrickedmeintogivinghimthemoney.他哄骗我给了他钱。tricksboutofsth从某人处骗走某物Hetrickedtheoldmenoutofhismoney.他从老人那里骗走了钱。9.ColumbusDayisinmemoryofthearrivalofChristopherColumbusinthenewworld.哥伦布日十几年克里斯托弗.哥伦布到达“新大陆”的日子。arrivaln.到达到来[U]到达者[C]Letmeknowthetimeofyourarrival.让我知道你到达的时间TherewereseveralnewarrivalsinBeijing.有几个新到北京的人拓展：on(one’s)arrival一到达…就Onhisarrival,hegavehisfriendaring.他一到就给他的朋友打了一个电话。10.IndiahasanationalfestivalonOctober2tohonorMohandasGandhi,theleaderwhohelpedGainIndia’sindependencefromBritain.印度在10月2日有个全国性的节日，纪念莫汉达斯.甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。gain：vt.&n.获得得到Nopains,nogains.不劳无获You’llgainexperienceinthatjob.你会在工作中获得经验的。independencen.[U]独立拓展：independentadj.独立的11.Peoplearegratefulbecausetheirfoodisgatheredforthewinterandtheagricultureworkisover.人们心怀感激因为越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了。begratefultosb：感激某人Iamgratefultoyouforhelpingme.感谢你的帮助。gather：vi/vt聚集Acrowdgatheredtoseewhathadhappened.一群人聚在一起看看发生了什么事情。Detectiveshavespentmonthsgatheringevidence.侦探们花了数月时间搜集证据。Arollingstonenevergathersmoss.滚石不生苔，转业不聚财Peopleslowlygatheredtheirbelongingsandleftthehall.人们慢慢地收拾他们的行李离开了大厅。12.Somepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproduce,…有些人还可能因为他们的农产品而获奖……produce[U]农产品（总称）；product[C]工业产品；production产量awardn.奖品；奖。(常见用法：OscarAward奥斯卡奖)/Vt.授予比较：award指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予prize奖金；奖；常见用法：thefirstprize/NobelPrizereward回报；酬劳；奖赏Theyawardedscholarshiptothebeststudents.他们把奖学金授予最好的学生。TheyawardedhertheNobelPrize.他们授予她诺贝尔奖。

Hewasawardedthefirstprize.他获得了一等奖。

Hewasgiven800dollarsasarewardforhishelp.他因帮忙获得了800美元酬金。Thejudgeawardedhim$1000asdamages.法官判给他损害赔偿金一千元。13.admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes赏月、品尝月饼admirevt.赞美欣赏Hemuchadmiresyourpoems.他很欣赏你的诗。拓展：admiresb.For因而钦佩某人Iadmireherforherbravery.我钦佩她的勇气admiration.n.钦佩admirableadj.令人钦佩的14.Themostenergeticandimportantfestivalsaretheonesthatlookforwardtotheendofwinterandtothecomingofspring.最富有生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。energetic充满活力的精力充沛的Mygrandfatherisasenergeticasayoungmanandhatessittingarounddoingnothingallday.（2022上海）lookforwardto：主观上以愉快的心情盼望。此处to为介词后跟名词，代词或动名词I’mlookingforwardtoseeingyou.=Iamlookingforwardtoyourarrival.拓展：bedevotedto;payattentionto;getdownto;seeto;stickto;oweto15.Peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkandhavefunwitheachother.人们喜欢聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。

havefun=haveagoodtime玩的开心havefundoing开心的做…拓展：forfun为了好玩儿makefunof取笑开..的玩笑LearningaboutlanguageToday,ofcourse,manypeoplecelebrateChristmasasthoughitwerejustaholidaytohavefunwithfamily,ratherthanaholidayaboutabelief.当然，人们今天庆祝圣诞节好像是一家人欢聚的节日，而不是一个信仰的节日。

ratherthan：胜于；而不是注意：它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。①连接两个名词或代词（谓语动词就远原则）YouratherthanIaregoingtogocamping.是你而不是我要去要野营。②连接两个介词(短语)或动名词Wewillhavethemeetingintheclassroomratherthaninthegreathall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。Sheenjoyssingingratherthandancing.她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。③连接两个不定式Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.我决定写信而不打电话。注意：ratherthan后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to,如上句。但ratherthan位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。Ratherthanallowthevegetablestogobad,hesoldthemathalfprice.他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。④连接两个动词Heranratherthanwalked.他是跑来的，而不是走来的。注意：这里ratherthan后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿……”解。拓展：otherthan除了…之外Whenyoueatfishyoumustbecarefulwithbones.吃鱼的时候要当心鱼刺。becarefulwithsth/becarefultodosth当心….Becarefulnottofallofftheladder.当心别从梯子上掉下来。

3.Youwanttoinviteyourfriendtocometoaparty.你想邀朋友去参加一个晚会。invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事

Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoherparty.被邀请参加她的聚会我感觉很荣幸。

Questionsareinvited.欢迎提问。

4.asksbforpermissiontodosth.=askforsb’spermissiontodosth要某人同意做某事

拓展：withoutpermission未经许可,擅自

Youshouldn’thaveleftschoolwithoutpermission.你本不该擅自离校的。Youshouldaskforyoumother’spermissiontoswim.你游泳应该经过你妈妈的允许。permitsbtodo/permitdoing允许（某人）做某事Wedon’tpermitsmokinghere.=Wedon’tpermityoutosmokehere.5.Hold/Hangon,please.请别挂断。

6.Don’tmentionit.不用客气，不用谢Thankyouforyourhelp.——Don’tmentionit.

ReadingII：AlovestoryButshedidn’tturnup.但是她没有出现。turnup：到场，出现：Forsomereason,hedidn’tturnup.由于某种原因，他没有出现。Hepromisedtocome,buthedidn’tturnup.他答应来但是没来。把声音等调大Pleaseturnupthefire.把火调大一点儿。拓展短语：turndown关小；拒绝turnoff关掉turnon打开turnout结果是turntosb.forhelp向某人求助Shecouldbewithherfriendsrightnowlaughingathim.也许她这会跟朋友在一起，正在取笑他呢。laughing在句子中做伴随状语点拨：伴随状语表示与谓语的动作同时发生，通常可以改为用并列连词and连接的谓语或并列句Heisstandingunderthetree,readinganewspaper.他正站在树下读报纸=Heisstandingunderthetreeandreadinganewspaper.Hesaiditangrily,pointingatthenoticeonthewall.他生气地说着，手指着墙上的布告。=Hesaiditangrilyandpointedatthenoticeonthewall.练一练：翻译：孩子们一起回家了，有说有笑。Thechildrenwenthome,laughingandtalking.3…hethoughtshewouldkeepherword.他认为她会守信用的。keep/breakone’sword遵守/违背承诺（注意：此短语中的word不可数）

Theboykepthisword.那孩子信守诺言。Theykepttheirword.他们信守承诺。拓展：eatone'swords承认说错了话havewords吵嘴；争论

inotherwords=inanotherword换句话说haveawordwith…与…交谈wordforword逐词地；原原本本地inaword总之wordcamethat…消息传来说…

Tellmewhatshesaid,wordforword.把她说的一五一十地告诉我。CanIhaveawordwithyou?我能和你说几句话吗？

Inaword,thesituationisserious.总而言之，形势很严峻

IgiveyoumywordthatIwillreturn.我向你保证我会回来的。Wordcamethathehasgoneabroad.消息传来说他已经出国了。4.Hehadlookedforwardtomeetingherallday…他一整天都期盼着见到她…5.…hewasn’tgoingtoholdhisbreathforhertoapologize.Hewoulddrownhissadnessincoffee.他不想屏息等她来道歉，他要用咖啡来解愁。

holdone'sbreath屏息Thethiefhidbehindthedoorandheldhisbreath.小偷躲在门后屏住了呼吸。Howlongcanyouholdyourbreath?你能屏息多长时间？Thegirlheldherbreathatthesightofthesnake.那个女孩看到那条蛇的时候，她屏住呼吸。拓展：beshort/outofbreath上气不接下气takeadeepbreath深呼吸Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,wewerenearlyoutofbreath.当我们到达山顶的时候，我们几乎喘不过起来。apologizetosbfor(doing)sth：因为某事向某人道歉Iapologizedtoherforsteppingonherfoot.我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。Imustapologizetoyoufornottellingyouthetruth.我应因没告诉你事实而向你道歉。拓展：apology(n.)make/offeranapologytosbfor(doing)sth表达道歉refuseanapology拒绝道歉acceptanapology接受道歉drownone'ssorrow/sadnessin(wine…)以(酒….)解忧

drownvt（声音）掩盖Thenoiseofthetraindrownedhisvoice.火车噪音掩盖了他的声音淹没Hereyesweredrownedintears.他的眼里充满了泪水。使淹死Hedrownedhiswife。拓展：drowning将要溺死的drowned已被淹死的练一练：Franktriedtosavethe_____girlintheriver,butunfortunatelyhewas___.A.drowned;drowningB.drowning;drownedC.drowned;drownedD.drowning;drowning答案：B6.ItwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave—hewipedthetables,thensatdownandturnedontheTV.很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李芳离开—他擦好桌子，然后坐了下来打开了电视。Itwasobviousthat…很明显……

Itisobviousthatsheisindanger.很明显，她处于危险之中。wipe(wiped,wiped)vt.擦，擦去拓展：cleantheblackboard=wipethewordsofftheblackboardwipeout擦…内部wipedown用抹布擦掉wipeaway擦去（液体，眼泪等）Thestudentsondutywipedthewordofftheblackboardduringbreak.7.Niulangtriedtofollowher,buttheriverofstarsstoppedhim.牛郎试图追随过去，但是被银河挡住了Itriedtopersuadehimtogiveupsmoking,butfailed.我试图说服他戒烟，但是失败了。8.AsLiFangsetoffforhome,hethought...当李芳动身往家走时，他想…setoff：动身,出发;(侧重去某一个地方);使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸;TomandhisfathersetoffforAmericayesterday.汤姆的父亲昨天动身去美国了。Thebombsetoffamongthecrowd.炸弹在人群中爆炸了。拓展短语：setaboutdoingsth=setouttodosth开始着手（做某事）setup建立，创立setdown写下，记下9.Idon’twantthemremindmeofher.我不想因他们想起她来。remindsbofsth=remindsb.todosth提醒某人某事remindsbofsth使某人想起…Doremindmeof/aboutthemeeting.一定要提醒我开会。RemindmetowritetoMother.提醒我给妈妈写信。Thesongremindedmeofmychildhood.这首歌是我想起了我的童年。10.Ashesadlypassedtheteashoponthecorneronhiswayhome,heheardavoicecallinghim.在回家路上，他神情失落地走过拐角处的一家茶馆，听到有人叫他的名字。hearsbdo/doingsth(主动)hearsthdone(被动)11.TherewasHujinwavingathimandcalling,“…I’vebeenwaitingforyouforalongtime.”那是胡瑾在向他招手，她喊到“……我一直在这儿等你好久了。”have/hasbeendoingsth结构为现在完成进行时，表示动作是始于过去一直进行到现在，并且有可能继续进行下去。Ithasbeenrainingfor2days.雨已经下了两天了。※※课文小结：--ing的用法1.Shecouldbewithherfriendsrightnowlaughingathim.（伴随状语）2.FindingthatZhinuwasheart-broken,hermotherdecidedtoletthecouplecrosstheMilkyWaytomeetonceayear.（原因状语）3.Ashesadlypassedtheteashoponthecorneronhiswayhome,heheardavoicecallinghim.4.TherewasHuJinwavingathimandcalling.（定语）（宾补）-ing分词作状语应注意的几点：分词表示的必须是主语发出的动作；分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作是同时发生的；分词表示的次要的动作，对谓语的动作或者状态加以说明。可表示伴随、时间和结果Unit2healthyeatingWarmingupbe/go/putadiet节食Thosewhogoonadietmustn’teatchocolates.节食的人不能吃巧克力。balancen.[U]平衡Vt.使平衡；抵消Howlongcanyoubalanceononefood?你一只脚能站多久？Theexpensesbalancethereceipts收支相抵。Ridersneedagoodsenseofbalance.骑车人必须有平衡感。拓展：keepone’sbalance保持平衡；loseone’sbalance失去平衡；.beoutofbalance不平衡；balancedadj平衡的fightfor/with/against/over拓展：类似用方法的词：competefor/with/against/inprotectsb/sthfrom/against保护使不受伤害Iwill~youfromdanger.Takeanumbrellatoprotectyourselffromtherain.带把伞以保护你自己不受雨淋。拓展：protectiveadj.保护的；防护的~clothing防护衣；~coloring保护色loseweight：减肥，变苗条=takeoffweightShehasbeenlosingweightallthesedays.这些天她一直在减肥。拓展：weightlifting举重；putonweight增重byweight按重量inweight在重量上Pre-readingfry(fries;frying;fried;fried)油炸sheisfondoffriedfish.她喜欢油炸鱼2.slimadj.苗条的，纤细的vi.变苗条sheeatsverylittleinordertokeepslim.为了保持苗条，她尽量少吃东西。Imustn’teatbreadorcakesI’mtryingtoslim.我不能吃面包和蛋糕—我在减肥。ReadingI：comeandeathereⅠWangPengsatinhisemptyrestaurantfeelingveryfrustrated.王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的饭馆里，感到十分沮丧。feelingveryfrustrated作谓语动词sat的伴随状语。feel与主语是主动关系，因此使用现在分词注意：现在分词做伴随状语可放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个的动作。Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.Theycameintotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.拓展：现在分词在句中还可做其他成分。如：时间状语、原因状语、方式状语等。Walkingalongthestreet,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.（时间状语）Beingpoor,manychildrenofthemountainvillagescan’tgotoschool.（原因状语）TheycommunicatedwitheachotherusingEnglish.（方式状语）“Nothingcouldbebetter,”hethought.Suddenlyhesawhisfriendlichanghurryingby.“没有比这更好的吃的了”他想，突然间，他看到他的朋友李昌匆匆的走过。Nothingcouldbebetter=allhisfoodscouldbethebest.比较级与not,never,nothing等否定词连用，相当于最高级。Ican’tfindabetterhotel.=ThisisthebesthotelthatIcanfind.Sawhisfriendlichanghurryingby属于“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构seesbdo（侧重看到全过程）看到某人做某事（主动关系）seesbdoing（侧重看到是正在进行不一定看完）看到某人做某事（主动关系）seesbdone看到某人被…（被动关系）拓展：类似用法的感官动词有see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe3.Hesawasignatthedoor.他看到了门旁的一个招牌。sign：n.记号，符号；牌子，招牌；示意动作。V签名；示意，做手势Hemadeasignformetofollowhim.他向我示意跟着他走。Thesighbytheroadsaid“noparking”.路边的牌子上写着“禁止停车”。Bothsideshavesignedthecontract.双方已在合同上签字。Hesighedtometobequiet.他做手势要我安静。拓展：trafficsighs交通标志asighofrain下雨的征兆talkinsigns用手势说话4…tiredofallthatfat?Wanttoloseweight?肥腻的东西吃厌了吧？想减肥吗？点拨：此句为省略句，Areyoutiredofallthatfat?Doyouwanttoloseweight?betiredofsb./sth对表示厌倦（状态）；gettiredofsb/sth(过程)比较：be/gettiredfrom/with对而感到累HeistiredofadvertisementsonTV.Heistirefromworkingallday.拓展：tiredout疲惫不堪5.CuriositydroveWangPenginside.好奇心驱使着王鹏走了进去。Curiosity（n.）---curiousadjbecuriousabout对感到好奇becurioustodosth极想做某事Childrenare~abouteverythingaroundthem.Hewas~toknowwhathadhappened.drivevi&vt驾驶，操纵；vt用车载，驱使，驱逐Hehaddrivenmetoandfromworkformanyyears.拓展：drivesb/sth+adj使某人/物Thedeathofhersondrovehermad.drivesb/sth+todo(尤指不好的情况)迫使某人或物去做某事Hungerdrovehimtosteelfood.Therewerefewchoicesoffoodanddrinkonit:justrice,rawvegetablesservedinvinegar,fruitandwater.Wangpengwasamazedatthisandespeciallyattheprices.菜谱上由很少的几样食物喝饮料：只有米饭、蘸醋吃的生蔬菜、水果和水。王鹏对此感到吃惊，特别是对价格。raw生的；未加工的；未受训练的，不熟练的；（指天气）潮湿而冷的rawpeanuts生花生rawmaterials原材料arawhand生手amazevt使某人惊讶拓展：amazing令人惊讶的amazed感觉惊讶的beamazedat/by对大为惊讶；toone’samazement使某人感到惊讶的是；beamazedtosee/hear/find看到、听到、发现感到惊讶。Iam~dtomeetyouhere.HecouldnothaveYongHuigettingawaywithtellingpeoplelies。他不能让用回红骗人却不受到惩罚。havesbdoing①允许或容忍（某事）发生：Hewon’thavehisdaughterarrivinghomelate.②使某人一直做某事：Iwon’thaveyouwaitinglong.拓展：havesthtodo：有某事要自己做Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些衣服要洗。自己洗。havesthtobedone：有某事要别人做Ihavesomeclothestobewashed我有一些衣服要洗。衣服不是自己洗。havesthdone①遭遇某种不幸的事TheboyhadhisarmsbrokenwhenhefelloverShehadherhousedamagedinthestorm.

②叫/让别人为自己做某事：Ihadthetaprepaired.getawaywith（doing）sth不因某事而受惩罚。Iwon’thaveyougettingawaywithcheatingintheexam.Therobbersrobbedthebankandgot~alotofmoney.AtthelibraryWangpengwassurprisedtofindthathisrestaurantservedfartoomuchfatandYongHui’sfartoolittle.在图书馆，王鹏很惊讶的发现，他餐馆里的食物脂肪含量太高，二雍惠餐馆的食物脂肪含量又太少。tofindthathisrestaurantservedfartoomuchfat…是动词不定式做原因状语，表示王鹏感到惊奇的原因。一些情感类的形容词或分词，后面长接不定式表示原因Theywereexcitedtohearthattheyhadwon.I’mpleasedtohavemetyou.EventhoughhercostumersmightgetthinaftereatingYH’sfood,theywerenotenoughenergy-givingfoodtokeepfit.尽管顾客吃她的食物会变得苗条，但他们摄取不到足够的热量来保持健康。eventhough即使引导让步状语从句区别：eventhough/if尽管即使asthough/if好像keep+宾语+宾补（现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）：使一直…Sorrytohaveyouwaitingforalongtime.Hekepthiseyesshutandstayedwherehewas.Theteacherkeptthemintheclassroomafterschool.Theywouldbecometiredveryquickly.Wangpengfeltmorehopefulashedrovebackhome.Perhapswithadiscountandamewsignhecouldwinhiscostumersback.或许写个新的招牌、打点折，能够赢回顾客吧。discountn.减价/折扣；vt打折扣Theshopkeepergaveme10%discountforcash.现金支付，店主给我打了九折。Thesegoodsweresoldatdiscountedprices.这些商品以折扣价出售拓展：atadiscount打折；discountedprices/fares打折价、打折票价Winback赢回，夺回，重新获得Thepartymusttrytowinbackthesupportithaslost.拓展：Win赢得比赛/辩论/战斗/奖金/奖品；beat战胜/打败接对手，较为口语化；defeat击败仅指打败战胜之事实，含暂时击败对手，多用于正式比赛。ReadingⅡ：comeandeathereⅡPerhapshewouldbeabletoearnhislivingafterallandnothavetoclosehisrestaurant.也许他仍然能够谋生，而不至于关张了。本句含有两个并列谓语。Wouldbeableto和nothaveto.Nothaveto是wouldn’thaveto的省略形式。earnone’sliving谋生，挣钱生活。Heearns/gains/gets/makeshislivingasateacher.Sheusedtoearnherlivingbysellingdrinks.她曾经靠卖饮料来谋生。Harryhasbeenoutofworkforsixmonths,sohehasdifficultyearninghisliving.拓展：earn后可以加双宾语。Hisachievementsearnedhimrespectandadmiration.afterall：①置句尾表示结果与预想不同。译为“（尽管…但）终究，结果”；Ithasturnedouttobeanicedayafterall.天终于转晴了。②位于句首引出原因。译为“毕竟、别忘了”Don’tscoldhim;afterall,heisonlyachild.Hedidn’tlookforwardtobeingindebtbecausehisrestaurantwasnolongerpopular.他不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。indebt：负债，欠债。I’mheavilyindebtatthemoment,buthopetobeoutofdebtwhenIgetpaid.拓展：beindebt/beoutofdebt欠债/不欠债；(强调状态)getintodebt借债，强调动作；payback/repayone’sdebt偿还债务；payoffone’sdebt还清债务；Shedidnotlookhappybutglaredathim.她看起来不高兴，而是瞪着他。stare：表示盯着看，指由于惊奇、害怕、生气或沉思而瞪大眼睛全神贯注；Theoldmanstaredupanddownattheuninvitedguest.老人把不速之客上下打量了一番。拓展：glare怒视,表示愤怒的看；glance“粗略地看一下，一瞥”gaze是凝视，指长时间无意识的注视。Theystoppedarguingandglaredateachother.他们停止了争论，彼此怒目而视。Sheturnedtogazeadmiringlyatherhusband.他转过神来赞赏的凝视着她的丈夫。Themotherwastremblingwithanger.Sheglaredathersonandsaidnothing.练一练：Filledwithanger,hedidn’tshoutorswear,butjust________silentlyatme.A.looked B.stared C.glared D.glanced答案：C“MayIaskwhatyouweredoingtheotherday?”IthoughtyouwereanewcustomerandnowIknowthatyouonlycametospyonmeandmenu.“请问你那天到我餐馆里来干什么？”我本以为你是一位新顾客，现在我才发现你只是过来打探我和我的菜谱的。theotherday：译为“不久前的某一天，前几天，最近”用于一般过去式。Ihadaletterfromtomtheotherday.几天前我收到一封信。拓展：someday=someday有一天（将来）；oneday有一天（过去），总有一天（将来）；anotherday另外一天，改天，常与一般将来时连用。onlytodo：做结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，且多为不愉快的结果，译为“不料，结果”Irushedtotheschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.比较：分词做结果状语常表示自然的、意料之中的结果，是主句谓语动作的直接结果。Manytreeshadbeenblowndown,blockingtheroads,pathsandrailwaylines.spyonsb：监视某人；比较：spyout探出，查出Whyareyouspyingonmeallthetime?Whatdoyouwanttospyout?你为什么一直监视我，你想查清什么？Idon’twanttoupsetyou,butIfoundyourmenusolimitedthatIstoopedworryingandIstartedadvertisingthebenefitsofmyfood.我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现你菜谱上的菜太有限了，所以我也就不担心了，我也开始宣传我餐馆的食物的好处。foundyourmenusolimited属于“find+宾语+宾补”句式。Limited在此句中是形容find在此句式中表示“发现，觉得”或者“发现出于某种状态”。常构成的句式：①find+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语。Comeandjoininthegame.Youwillfinditinteresting.(形容词作宾语补足语)Weseldomfoundhimout.(副词作宾语补足语)Whenshewokeup,shefoundherselfinhospital.(介词短语作宾语补足语)②find+宾语+现在分词，现在分词与宾语是主谓关系，表示动作的进行或持续。Theyfoundthelostchildplayinginthecave.③Find+宾语+过去分词。过去分词与宾语是动宾关系，表示动作已完成。Wefoundtheplacemuchchanged.④Find+宾语+名词。名词和宾语之间是系表关系。Ifoundheraneasywomantoworkwith.limited：adj.意为“有限的”Aperson’slifeislimited,butloveislasting.Alimitednumberofplacesareavailable.只有少数几个地方可供使用。拓展：limit：vt/n.“限制，限定，限度”常与“to”搭配Inordertoloseweight,Ilimitmydailyintakeofcaloriesto1000.我为了减肥，限制自己每天摄入1000卡的热量。Parentsshouldn’talwayssatisfychildren’scuriositywithoutlimit.家长不应该无限度的满足孩子的好奇心。benefit：n.vi&vt利益，好处常用结构：benefitfrom/by从中受益AbenefitsB=Bbenefitsfrom/byA.Developmentofsciencemustbenefitthepeopleratherthanharmthem.科技的发展必须使人们受益而不是使人们受害。Knowledgecanbenefityou.=Youcanbenefitfromknowledge.知识可以使你受益=你可以从知识中受益拓展：beofbenefitto对有益处，有好处forthebenefitofsb.=forsb’sbenefit为了帮助某人，对某人有益Thenewregulationswillbeofgreatbenefittousall.新规章对我们大家都会大有好处。Thedictionarywasofgreatbenefittome.这本字典对我很有好处。Weplanttreesforthebenefitofall.我们植树是为了造福所有人。.Whydon’tyousitdownandtryameal?你为什么不做下来吃顿饭呢？Whynotdo…?=Whydon’tyoudo…?是一个建议对方做某事的句型Whydon’tyousitdownandtryameal?=Whynotsitdownandtryameal?拓展：另一种建议对方做某事的句型：What/howabout+doingWhentheywereservedtheicecream,YHbegantolookill.当吃冰激凌的时候，雍惠开始不舒服了。serve：①vt招待（客人）；伺候（顾客）（常用被动）为服务；Areyoubeingserved?有人接待你了吗？②vt上饭端菜：ShallIservethemeat?Coffeeisusuallyservedwithsugar.③vi为服役；供职Tomservedforthreeyearsinthearmy.拓展：serveas充当；担任；作之作用。Sometimesheservedasawaiteratarestaurant.feelsickwith对…感到恶心点拨：feel(感到)+sick(恶心)+with(表原因)Shefeltsickwiththedeadrat.她一见那只死老鼠就感到恶心。heavyfood：difficulttodigest(指食物)难消化的；油腻的WangPengwasenjoyingasecondplateofdumplingssohesighed.don’tyougettiredquickly.王鹏正在吃第二盘饺子，他叹了一口气，说道“同样的，（如果我在你的餐馆）我还想吃我的饺子和肉呢。你不觉得自己很容易疲倦吗？”asecond=another又一，再一。序数词与不定冠词连用时，表示又一、再一比较：asecond意表数量“又一，再一…”在原来的数量上又增加了一个thesecond表顺序“第二…”，只指“第二个”这一个事物本身，如：Heateasecondapple.他又吃了一个苹果(吃了两个)Heatethesecondapple.他吃了第二个苹果。(第一个不是他吃的，他只吃了一个)Weliveonthesecondfloor.我们住在二楼。练一练：Youare______secondtotellmethenews.Pleasetryit_______secondtime.Hefailed_______sixthtime,buthesaidhewouldgoontryinguntilhesucceeded.答案：the；a；aPerhapsweoughttocombineourideasandprovideabalancedmenuwithfoodfullofenergyandfiber.或许我们两家餐馆的食谱应该结合起来，作出一份富有热量和纤维的食物。combinevt&vi(使)联合；(使)结合常用句型：combinewith/andWeshouldpayattentiontocombinelisteningwith/andspeakinginlearningspokenEnglish.在学英语口语的过程中，我们应该注意把听和说结合起来。Thenewteachingmethodcombineseducationwithpleasure.新的教学方法寓教于乐。10.Theyservedrawvegetableswiththehamburgersandboiledthepotatoesratherthanfriedthem.他们用生蔬菜配汉堡包，煮土豆而不是油炸土豆。ratherthan胜于；而不是Itwaswhathedidratherthanwhathesaidthatreallymattered.真正重要的是他做什么，而不是说什么。ratherthan的常用句式：●wouldratherdoAthandoB●woulddoAratherthandoB●prefertodoAratherthandoB宁愿做A而不愿做BIwouldratherwalktherethanfly.=Iwouldwalkthereratherthanfly.=Iprefertowalkthereratherthanfly.我宁愿走到那儿也不愿坐飞机去Inthiswaytheycutdownthefatandincreasedthefiberinthemeal.这样，他们减少了饭菜中的脂肪含量，增加了纤维素。cutdown：砍倒：Weshouldpreventthefarmersfromcuttingdowntoomanytrees.消减：Thedoctorstoldmetocutdown(on)smokinganddrinking.医生让我少抽烟、少喝酒。拓展：cutoff切断，剪掉，中断（电话），隔离。cutout剪裁；删除，停止cutin插嘴，超车，cutup切碎，使痛心；使难过cutacross横越，抄近路穿过Don'tcutinwhileI'mtalking.我说话时别插嘴。Thetailorwascuttingoutadress.裁缝在裁剪衣服。TheirbalanceddietbecamesuchasuccessthatbeforelongWangPengbecameslimmerandYonghuiputonmoreweight.他们的合作如此的成功，王鹏很快就瘦了，而雍惠也胖了。beforelong不久之后；是个介词短语，在句中作状语，多与将来时和过去式连用；longbefore很久以前，多于完成时连用。区分：Itwas/willbelongbefore过了很久才…相当于soon,可与将来时或过去时连用。Itwasnotlongbefore/itwillnotbelongbefore不久就Ishallvisityouagainbeforelong.我很快就来再来看你。Hehadtakenadoctor’sdegreelongbefore.他很久之前就获得了博士学位。success作为成功的人或事时可数；作为抽象名词不可数。Unit3themillionpoundbanknoteWarmingupThebookisbasedonatruestory.这本书是以一个真实的故事为根据的。bebasedon以…为基础、根据Teachingisanartbasedonascience.教学是基于某门科学的一种艺术。拓展：bebasedin把（总部、基地）设在…ThecompanyisbasedinPar