高中英语必修四第一单元知识点讲义及习题

必修4UNIT1Unit1achievementn.成就；功绩;实现achievev.实现（dream,goal等）welfaren.福利；福利事业projectn.项目；工程；规划instituten.学会；学院；协会△ChinaWelfareInstitute中国福利基金会specialistn.专家；专业工作者ist为后缀的意思是：从事.......的人scientist;novelist;violinist;pianist;psychologist等specializevi.专攻；专门从事；专注于和in连用Many

students

specialize

in

engineeringI

specialize

in

speaking,

listening

and

reading.chimpn.（非洲）黑猩猩connectionn.连接；关系humanbeing人类此单词不要觉得奇怪，就是指人类的意思，也可以human单独用，也可以being单独用，单复数不需要知道campaignn.运动；战役vi.作战；参加运动war“战争”的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。battle“战斗”，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。campaign“战役”，指在某一地区所进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动，规模比battle大，比如淮海战役；还用来表“政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动，比如五四运动等。organizationn.组织；机构；团体behavevt.&vi.举动；（举止或行为）表现behaviour(=behavior)行为；举止；习性shaden.荫；阴凉处vt.遮住光线moveoff离开；起程；出发相近意思的有：startoff;setoffGil

waved

his

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off.worthwhileadj.值得的；值得做的nestn.巢；窝bondn.联系；关系；结合；纽带observevt.观察；观测；遵守此单词很多同学都只记得住一个意思：观察。但高考也经常考另外一个意思：遵守，经常会忘记。Anyonewhocomesheremustobservetherules.Weshouldobservethelocalcustoms.observationn.观察；观测childhoodn.童年；幼年时代outspokenadj.直言的；坦诚respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意arguevt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论argumentn.争论；争辩；争吵entertainmentn.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演(此单词好多学生老是知道意思也不会翻译）Youhaveyourwork,yourentertainmentandyourfriends.Televisionhasresplacedfilmasourcountry'smostpopularformofentertainment.leada…life过着……的生活crowdn.人群；观众vt.挤满；使拥挤crowdin（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海inspirevt.鼓舞；激发；启示inspiring鼓舞人心的，令人鼓舞的△inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞supportn.&vt.支持；拥护lookdownupon/on蔑视；瞧不起refervi.谈到；查阅；参考referto查阅；参考；谈到此句型高考经常考，但是要准确翻译其意思确实要多注意audiencen.观众；听众；读者bychance碰巧；凑巧byaccidentcomeacross（偶然）遇见；碰见IcameacrossmyfriendswhenIwasshopping.careern.事业；生涯Job泛指工作，Career是指事业，这是值得个人投注一生心力，，作为一个老师，我的Career就是教师，而他的Job是由学校来提供的，他可以在不同的学校教书。Profession所指的职业是需要在文科或理科方面有一定的教育程度，具备一定理论水平的人才的职业。通常指脑力劳动raten.比率；速度sicknessn.疾病；恶心intendvt.计划；打算intendtodosth.beintendedtodoemergencyn.突发事件；紧急情况generationn.一代；一辈generationgap：代沟gap：缝隙，缺口，沟壑△determinationn.决心；果断kindnessn.仁慈；好意considerateadj.考虑周到的considerationn.考虑；体谅delivervt.递送；生（小孩儿）；接生；发表（演说等）carryon继续；坚持carryout=perform执行，履行Thegroupofsoldierscarriedoutasecretmilitaryactiontheotherday．30.A.school B.museum C.clinic D.lab31.A.busy B.wealthy C.greedy D.lucky32.A.helped B.found C.troubled D.imagined33.A.harmful B.tired C.broken D.weak34.A.putaway B.takenover C.turnedin D.appliedfor35.A.punished B.refused C.blamed D.fired36.A.display B.change C.preview D.complete37.A.leave B.charge C.test D.cure38.A.sell B.donate C.issue D.show39.A.continued B.promised C.pretended D.dreamed40.A.birth B.death C.wedding D.graduation高考真题（适合AB班）Abouttwentyofushadbeenfortunateenoughtoreceiveinvitationstoafilm-studio（影棚）totakepartinacrowd-scene.Althoughour"act"wouldlastonlyforashorttime,wecouldseequiteanumberofinterestingthings.Weallstoodatthefarendofthestudioasworkmenpreparedthescene,settinguptreesattheedgeofawindingpath.Verysoon,brightlightswereturnedonandthebigmovie-camerawaswheeledintoposition.Thedirectorshoutedsomethingtothecameraoperatorandthenwenttospeaktothetwofamousactorsnearby.Sinceitwashotinthestudio,itcameasasurprisetoustoseeoneoftheactorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath.Abigfanbeganblowingtinywhitefeathersdownonhim,andsoonthetreeswerecoveredin"snow".Twomorefanswereturnedon,anda"strongwind"blewthroughthetrees.Thepicturelookedsorealthatitmadeusfeelcold.Thenextscenewasacompletecontrast(对比).Thewayitwasfilmedwasquiteunusual.PicturestakenonanislandinthePacificwereshownonaglassscreen.Anactorandactressstoodinfrontofthescenesothattheylookedasiftheywereatthewater'sedgeonanisland.Byasimpletricklikethis,palmtrees,sandybeaches,andblue,clearskieshadbeenbroughtintothestudio!Sinceitwasourturnnext,wewereleftwonderingwhatscenewouldbepreparedforus.Forafullthreeminutesinourliveswewouldbeexperiencingtheexcitementofbeingfilm”Stars”!64.Whoistheauthor?A.Acameraman.B.Afilmdirector.C.Acrowd-sceneactorD.Aworkmanforscenesetting65.Whatmadetheauthorfeelcold?A.Theheavysnowfall.B.Theman-madescene.C.Thelowtemperature.D.Thefilmbeingshown.66.Whatwouldhappeninthe"threeminutes"mentioned,inthelastparagraph?A.Anewscenewouldbefilmed.B.Morestarswouldactinthefilm.C.Theauthorwouldleavethestudio.D.Thenextscenewouldbeprepared.高考英语（适合AB班做）ThepacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru’sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Aten-yearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.Nauru’srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate(磷酸盐)ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompanystrip-mines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Strip-miningtotallydestroystheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately＄433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.56.Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToseekhelpforNauru’sproblems.B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.57.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A.Richandpowerful.B.Modernandopen.C.PeacefulandattractiveD.Greedyandaggressive.58.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom____.A.soilpollutionB.phosphateoverminingC.farmingactivityD.whalehunting59.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru’sfinancialproblem?A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.B.Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.C.Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.D.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.60.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.B.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts’wordsseriously.C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.D.Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.高考真题（适合A班做）MoneyMattersParentsshouldhelptheirchildrenunderstandmoney.71soyoumaystarttallkingaboutmoneywhenyourchildshowsaninterestinbuyingthings,candyortoys,forexample.ThebasicfunctionofmoneyBeingexplainingthebasicfunctionofmoneybyshowinghowpeopletrademoneyforgoodsorservices.it’simportanttoshowyourchildhowmoneyistradedforthethinghewantstohave.Ifhewantstohaveatoy,givehimthemoneyandlethimhandthemoneytothecashier.72whenyourchildgrowsabitolderandunderstandsthebasicfunctionofmoney,youcanstartexplainingmorecomplexwaysofusingmoney.2.MoneylessonsApproachmoneylessonswithopennessandhonesty.73Ifyoumustsaynotoachild’srequesttospendmoney,explain,”Youhaveenoughtoytrucksfornow.”Or,iftherequestisformanydifferentthings,say.“Youhavetomakeachoicebetweenthistoyandthattoy.”3.74Beginatthegrocerystore.Pickputsimilarbrandsofaproduct—anamebrandbutterandageneric(无商标产品),forexample.Youcanshowyourchildhowtomakechoicesbetweendifferentbrandsofaproductsothatyoucansavemoney.75Ifhechoosesthecheaperbrand,allowhimtomakeanotherpurchasewiththemoneysaved.Later,youmayexplainshowthemoreexpensivechoiceleaveslessmoneyforotherpurchases.A.wisedecision.B.Thevalueofmoney.C.Permitthechildwhyhecan—orcannot—havecertainthings.D.Talkyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostimportanttoyou.E.Askyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostimportanttoyou.F.Talkabouthowthemoneyboughtthethingafteryouleavethetoystore.G.Thebesttimetoteachachildanythingaboutmoneyiswhenheshowsaninterest.高考真题（适合B班做）MostpeopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,andthefirstpersontowinittwice.However,fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.BorninSeptember,1987,IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries’twodaughters.Alongwithnineotherchildrenwhoseparentswerealsofamousscholars,Irenestudiedintheirownschool,andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.ShefinishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeofSévignéinParis.IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepareforadegreeinmathematicsandph