新视界大学英语综合教程2unit4

新视界大学英语综合教程2unit4第1页/共134页Warmingup➊Workinpairsandguessthemeaningoftheanimalidioms.IgottheinformationfromasourceIdonotwanttotellyouabout,asecretsource.

(Birdshavelongbeenassociatedwithcarryingmessagesandthisseemstobetheoriginoftheidiom.)ThesituationseemedsuspiciousandIdidnottrusther.(Fishthathasbeguntosmellisnotfreshandcannotbetrustedtobesafetoeat.)第2页/共134页WarmingupSam

eats

a

lot.

(As

horses

eat

food

low

in

nutritional

value,

they

have

to

eat

a

great

dealofit.)They

can

go

on

talking

for

hours.

(Cows

walk

home

very

slowly

from

the

fields

to

thebarneveryevening.)第3页/共134页WarmingupYouleftveryquietly.

(Again,itisderivedfromthefactthatmicearehuntedbycats,owlsandothercreatures,sotheymoveveryquietlyinopenspaces.)Itishardtochangeoldhabits;theolddonotlearnnewthingsasquicklyastheyoung.

(This

is

a

very

old

saying

based

on

fact

–

a

sheep

dog,

for

example,

needs

to

betrainedwhenyoung.)第4页/共134页WarmingupThecousinistheworstmemberofthefamily,theleastrespectableorwell-behaved.(For

genetic

reasons,

even

in

a

flock

of

white

sheep,

preferred

as

the

wool

can

be

dyedvariouscolours,blacksheepareoccasionallyborn,butarenotwanted,anoddityandproblem.)She

revealed

the

secret.

(One

possible

origin

is

that

dishonest

people

tried

to

sell

catsinbagsaspigsandanyrevealingofthetruthwouldruinthesale.OritmightcomefromasimilarDutchidiomaboutbuyingacatinabag,iebeingcheated.)第5页/共134页WarmingupArethereanysimilaridiomsinChinese?•Playthelutetoacow.(对牛弹琴)•Standbyastumpwaitingformoreharestocomeanddashthemselvesagainstit.(守株待兔)•Froginawell(thatcanseeonlyatinypatchofskynobiggerthanthemouthofthewell).(井底之蛙)•Anoldhorseknowsitsway.(老马识途)•Shoottwohawkswithonearrow.(similartokilltwobirdswithonestone)(一箭双雕)第6页/共134页Warmingup•Calladeerahorse.(similartocallwhiteblack,meaningturnrightintowrong)(指鹿为马)•Bringapictureofadragontolifebyputtingpupilsintoitseyes.(addthetouchthatbringsaworkofarttolife)(画龙点睛)•Foxborrowsthetiger’sfiercenessbywalkinginthelatter’scompany.(狐假虎威)第7页/共134页WarmingupThedescriptionshowsthedifferencesinanimalcharacteristics:birdsflyaroundandcancarrymessages;badfishsmell;horseseatalot;domesticatedcowsmoveveryslowly;dogsneedtobetrainedwhenyoung;micearequiettoavoidbeingprey;blacksheepwerenotwelcometofarmersinthepast.1.

Towhatextentdothesedescriptionsreflectthedifferentcharactersofanimals?➋Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.第8页/共134页WarmingupPeopledothisbecausetheythinktheanimalsactuallyhavethosecharacteristics.Lionsseembraveastheyarenotafraidofanyotheranimal,peacocksappeartobeproudastheyshowofftheirtailfeathersinthematingseason,andsnakesseemcunningandevilbecausetheymovesosilently,attacksuddenly,mayusepoisonandswallowtheirpreywhole.Likewiseantsandbeesarealwaysbusyandseemhardworking.Besides,itisavividandcolourfulwaytodescribepeopleasbeinglikeanimals.2.Whydoyouthinkpeopleuseanimalstoreflecthumancharacteristics?

第9页/共134页Warmingup•Animalsmayseehumanbeingsasdangerous,cruel,deceitfulandverygreedy.•Animalsmaycommentonhumanintelligence,abilitytocooperateandthoughtforthefuture.Manyspecieswouldbesurprisedatthestrengthoffamilybondsamongpeople.3.Ifanimalscouldtalk,howwouldtheydescribehumanbeings?第10页/共134页WarmingupThereisnoreasontheyshouldnothave.Theideaanimalsandhumansarecompletelydifferentcategoriesisveryout-of-date.Thehighermammalsareverylikeourselves.Chimpanzees,dolphins,elephantsetc,theyshowallthesignsofreactingemotionallyaswellasinstinctively.Itmayseemhardertoimaginemostfishorinsectshavefeelings.4Doyouthinkanimalshavefeelings?第11页/共134页Warmingup➊

Lookatthepictureandanswerthequestions.1Whatarethepeopledoing?2Whatarethepossibleoutcomesoftheiraction?

第12页/共134页WarmingupWatchavideoclipandworkingroupstoshareexamplesofanimalintelligenceyouknow.Adogguidedablindman2,144milesdowntheAppalachianTrail.Acatdefendedasleepinginfantfromadeadlyrattlesnakethatwaspreparedtostrike.Adolphinsavedapersonwhowasdrowningatsea.Agorillawastaughttotypeusingaspecialcomputer,sothegorillacouldcommunicateabitwithpeople.第13页/共134页Skimming

Browsethepassagewithin8minutestogetaroughideaaboutit.

Answerthequestions

ofActivity2and3onpage74.Task➋Check(✓)thetruestatements.☐1In2009aSwissfishermancaughtalargefish.☐2Thefishermancookedthefishandinvitedhisfriendsto

eatitwithhim.☐3Switzerlandhasstrictlawswhichprotectanimals.

第14页/共134页Skimming☐4Youcan’tkeepapigbyitselfinSwitzerland.☐5Youcan’tkeepabirdinthehouseinSwitzerland.☐6Alawyerpaidbythestaterepresentedthefishincourt.☐7Swissfarmersthinkanimalsshouldbebetterprotectedbylaw.☐8Thefishwonthecase.Thetruestatementsare1,3,4and6.第15页/共134页Skimming➌Answerthequestions.1Whatmistakedidthefishermanmake?

Heboastedaboutthefishhecaughttoalocalnewspaper.2WhydoestheSwissstateprovidelegalaidforanimals?Toprotectanimalsfrombadtreatmentbyhuman.Besides,whilehumanscandefendthemselves,animalscannot.第16页/共134页Skimming3Whatlawwasintroducedin2008?Onedetailingtheconditionsunderwhichanyspeciesofanimalsshouldbekept.4Whatdidanimalrightssupportersfailtodoin2010?Theyfailedtoobtainstate-fundedlegalrepresentationforallanimalsinSwitzerland,similartothatinZurich.5Whenwerethefirstanimalprotectionlawspassedin

Britain?Inthe17thcentury.第17页/共134页Skimming6Whatwasthe18th-centurydebateaboutanimals?Thedebateaboutwhetheranimalshadfeelingsornot.7Whichwerethetwomainfocusesofattentionforanimalrightsgroupsinthe20thcentury?Huntingandscientificresearchusinganimals.8Whattworeasonsdoesthewritergivetosuggestthatanimalrightsshouldbelimited?Wecannotexpectanimalstofulfilobligationsofanykind,andmuchscientificresearchdoesneedanimaltesting.第18页/共134页Theonethatgotaway译文Digging1

Fishermenalwaysliketotelltalesabout“theonethatgotaway”,thefishwhichescapedfromtheirhooksafteralengthystruggle.

第19页/共134页2So,imagineafreezingdayinFebruary,andyou’reonthebanksofLakeZurichinSwitzerland.You’refishing,you’vejustcastyourlineintothewaters,andyou’rewaitingpatientlyforafishtobite.Suddenlytherodbendsandyourealizethatyou’vecaughtsomethingfairlysubstantial.Fortenminutesyoubattlewiththefishuntilfinally,youpullinapike–oneofthosehugefishwithlotsofteeth–weighingtenkilos.Now,basedonthenot-very-scientificassumptionthattheuglierthefish,thebetterittastes,whatwouldyoudonext?Digging第20页/共134页3Youguessedit!WhenthishappenedtoaSwissfishermanin2009,heinvitedagroupoffriendstoalocalrestaurant,wheretheyhadadeliciouslunch.Hethenboastedtoalocalnewspaperhowlongithadtakenhimtolandthefish.Butthatwasabigmistake.译文Digging第21页/共134页4

TheSwisshavesomeofthestrictestanimalwelfarelegislationintheworld,designedtoprotectanimalsfromcrueltreatmentbyhumans.Fish,pigs,birds,andothersocialanimalsarenotallowedtobekeptalone.Horsesandcowshavetobeallowedoutsideforafixednumberofhourseveninwinter.Dogownersareobligedtoattendspecialtrainingcoursesandtofeedtheirpetsspecialdogfood.译文Digging第22页/共134页5

Infact,Zurichevenhasastate-fundedattorney,AntoineGoetschel,whospecializesinrepresentinganimalsiftheyhavebeensubjectedtocruelty.AndwhenthefishermanonLakeZurichwasreportedbyananimalrightsorganizationandbroughttocourt,itwasGoetschelwhorepresentedthefish.译文Digging第23页/共134页Thelawyer’sviewisthatthereisacoreprincipleoffairjusticewhichsupportshiswork.Animalscanbe,andoftenare,badlytreatedbyhumans.Butwhilehumanscandefendthemselves,oftenwiththehelpoflawyers,animalscannot.Legalrepresentationfortheanimalacknowledgesrespectforitsdignity.译文Digging第24页/共134页6

In2008,alawwaspassedinSwitzerland,whichdetailstheconditionsinwhichanyspecies

ofanimalsshouldbekept.ButunlikethestateofZurich,theother25federalstatesofSwitzerlanddon’thaveanimalrightslawyers.Switzerlandhas

aformofdirectdemocracy,wherecitizenscancontestnewlawsorvoteforchangestoitifthereisenoughcollectivesupport.Agroupofanimalrightssupportersrequestedavote,whichtookplaceinMarch2010,todecideifallanimalsshouldhavestate-fundedlegalrepresentationsimilartothatinZurich.

译文Digging第25页/共134页7

Farmerswereagainsttheidea.Theytookgreatcaretorespectthedignityofthecattleintheircare.Buttheyrantheriskofbeingaccusedofacrimesimplybydoingtheirjob.Eventhefederalgovernmentwasagainstitfortworeasons.Firstly,theseparatestatesofSwitzerlandalreadyhaveaspecialofficeforanimalprotection.Secondly,thelawyerswouldbefundedbythetaxpayer.Intheend,theproposalwasrejectedby70percentofthevoters.译文Digging第26页/共134页8

Animalrightsandanimalwelfarearenotmodernissues.In17th-centuryEnglandandIreland,lawswerepassedtoprotectfarmanimals.Inthe18thcentury,therewasmuchdiscussionaboutwhetheranimalshadfeelings.Inthe19thcenturybothBritainandtheUScreatedanimalprotectiongroups.Finally,inthe20thcentury,theanimalrightsmovementwasknownforitsdirectactionagainstallformsofhunting,andagainstscientificresearchestablishmentswhereanimalswereusedforexperiments.译文Digging第27页/共134页9

Yetthecounterargumentisthatrightsalsoimplyobligations.Althoughwemayallowanimalscertainrights,wecannotexpectthemtofulfilanyobligationstowardsus.Furthermore,muchscientificresearchingeneral,andessentialmedicalresearchinparticular,needstobetestedonanimals.译文Digging第28页/共134页10

Butpassinglawsnotjusttoprotectanimalsbuttogivethemlegalrepresentationissurelythemostextremepositioninthedebateaboutanimalrights.Attheveryleast,thedebatedemonstratesamoremoderateconcernaboutthegeneralwelfareofanimalsinacivilizedworld.译文Digging第29页/共134页11

Andwhataboutthefishandthefisherman?TheZurichstatelawyerlosthiscaseincourt,andonthisrareoccasion,thefishermanwastheonethatgotaway.译文DiggingMainideaofthetext第30页/共134页1.Theonethatgotaway(title)Itisanidiomwhichreferstosomethinggoodthatyounearlyhadorthatnearlyhappened.Fishermenareseenaslikelytoexaggerateand“fishermen’stales”areregardedasprettyunreliable,particularlywhentheyareaboutafishthatgotawayandwasnotcaught.Itthereforecannotbeinspectedasprooforotherwiseofthesizeclaimedbythefisherman.Difficultsentences第31页/共134页Difficultsentences2.Youguessedit!(Line1,Para3)Whatthefishermandidiswhatmostofuswoulddo.Itshowsthewriter’sattitudeofsympathytowardsthemanwhocaughtthepike.第32页/共134页Difficultsentences3.Fish,pigs,birds,andothersocialanimalsarenotallowedtobekeptalone.(Line4,Para4)socialanimals:

animalswhichnaturallyliveingroupsandmightsufferifkeptalone第33页/共134页Difficultsentences4.Thelawyer’sviewisthatthereisacoreprincipleoffairjusticewhichsupportshiswork.(Line7,Para5)MrGoetschelbelievesheisdefendinganimportantmoralprinciple,thatalllivingcreatureshavetheirowndignityandrighttobewell-treated.Humanscannotjustdoastheywishwithotherspecies.Whenthewayahumantreatsananimalfallsbelowacertainstandard,someoneshouldspeakfortheanimalandmakesureitsrightsareprotected.第34页/共134页Difficultsentences5.Theytookgreatcaretorespectthedignityofthecattleintheircare.Buttheyrantheriskofbeingaccusedofacrimesimplybydoingtheirjob.(Line1,Para7)Thefarmersagreedtheyshouldtreattheiranimalswellandensuretheywerewell-caredfor.Buttheyfeltthelawwasgoingtoofarandthatsoonerorlatersomeonewouldclaimkeepinganimalsonafarmwasitselfagainsttheirrights.第35页/共134页Difficultsentences6.Althoughwemayallowanimalscertainrights,wecannotexpectthemtofulfilanyobligationstowardsus.(Line2,Para9)Itisaphilosophicalorlegalprinciplethatarightalsocreatesaduty.Peoplewhoargueagainsttheconceptofanimalrightspointoutthatanimalscannotbeexpectedtodotheirduty.Theywillactaccordingtoinstinct.Ifthereforeanimalsdonothaveduties,theycannotbesaidtohaverights.第36页/共134页Difficultsentences7.Attheveryleast,thedebatedemonstratesamoremoderateconcernaboutthegeneralwelfareofanimalsinacivilizedworld.(Line4,Para10)Thewriterexpressestheopinionthatwhetherornotonethinksanimalsshouldreceivelegalrepresentation,itisagoodthingthatsuchmattersarediscussed.Inacivilizedsocietythewayinwhichanimalsaretreatedmustbeofconcern.第37页/共134页Difficultsentences8.TheZurichstatelawyerlosthiscaseincourt,andonthisrareoccasion,thefishermanwastheonethatgotaway.(Line2,Para11)Thewriterclosesthepassagebyreturningtothestoryaboutthefishermanandthelawyerwhotookhimtocourtforcruelty.Thecourtdidnotagreeandthefishermansufferednopenalty.Thewriterplayswiththeidiom“theonethatgotaway”.However,thistimeitisnotafishthatescapes,butthefishermanwhoisfoundinnocentbythecourt.第38页/共134页imagine释义vt.toformapictureofsomethingorsomeoneinyourmind想象，设想（画面）

例句ImaginemysurprisewhentheyannouncedIhadwon!想象一下他们宣布我获胜的时候我有多吃惊吧！翻译Words例句Icanjustimaginewhattheplaceisgoingtolooklikeinafewyears'time.我能想像出这个地方几年之后会变成什么样子。翻译Canyouimagineicethatdoesnotmeltandisnotwet?(Jun.1995,CET-4,Listeningcomprehension)真题第39页/共134页cast释义vt.tothrowafishinglineornetintothewater抛(鱼钩)；撒（网）例句Iwascastingmylinefromtheshorewhenitgottangledwithhers.我从岸上抛渔线，却与她的缠在一起了。翻译Words例句Practiceisneededtocastyourfishinglinesmoothly.你需要多训练才能把钓线平稳地抛出去。翻译第40页/共134页substantial释义a.

largeinamountordegree

数目大的;可观的例句Asubstantialnumberofhousesweredamagedbythefloods.大量房屋被洪水冲毁了。翻译Words例句HemadesubstantialprogressinwritingEnglish.他在英文写作方面进步显著。翻译第41页/共134页释义例句Iwishshewouldstopboastingaboutherexamresults.我真希望她别再吹嘘自己的考试成绩了。翻译Wordsv.totalktooproudlyaboutyourabilities,achievements,orpossessions

夸耀；吹嘘boast例句Sheoftenboaststhatherfatheristhepresidentofthecompany.她经常夸耀说她父亲是这家公司的总裁。翻译第42页/共134页land释义vt.tocatchafishandpullitoutofthewater捕（鱼）例句YoumeanRichlandedan18-poundfishbyhimself?你是说里奇自个儿捕到了一条18磅重的大鱼？翻译Words例句翻译Helandedafishontheriverbank.他在河堤上捕到一条鱼。第43页/共134页释义vt.tospeakoractofficiallyforanotherperson,groupororganization

代表（人、团体、机构等）例句翻译Words例句Theunionrepresentsover200employees.翻译这个工会代表200多名雇员。Herfeelingsrepresentthoseofthemajority.她的心情代表了大多数人的心情。真题W:AretheseTVsetsthenewestmodels?M:Sure.Theyrepresentthelatesttechnology.Actually,Wesellnothingbutthebest.(Jan.1999,CET-4,Listeningcomprehension)represent第44页/共134页core释义1a.mostimportantormostbasic核心的；最重要的；最基本的例句Sellinginsuranceisstillourcorebusiness.保险销售仍是我们的核心业务。翻译Words第45页/共134页core释义2n.[C]themostimportantorcentralpartofsomething

核心例句Theseideasformedthecoreofhisphilosophy.这些思想构成他哲学体系的核心。翻译Words例句Thecoreoftheproblemwasalackoffunds.问题的核心是缺乏资金。翻译第46页/共134页dignity释义n.[U]respectthatotherpeoplehaveforyouorthatyouhaveforyourself尊严例句Weallwanttomaintainourdignityinoldage.我们都想在老年时期保持尊严。翻译Words例句Intheprisoncamp,itwashardtoretainsomehumandignity.在战俘营里很难保留一些人的尊严。翻译第47页/共134页species释义n.[C](plspecies)aplantoranimalgroupwhosemembersallhavesimilargeneralfeaturesandareabletoproduceyoungplantsoranimalstogether物种；种例句Over120speciesofbirdshavebeenrecordedinthisNationalPark.这个国家公园已发现120多种鸟类。翻译Words例句Pandasareanendangeredspecies.翻译熊猫是濒危物种。Thereishardlyanenvironmentonearthtowhichsomespeciesofanimalorotherhasnotadaptedsuccessfully.(Jun.1999,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)真题第48页/共134页contest释义1vt.tosayformallythatyoudisagreewithsomethingorthinkitiswrong辩驳；质疑例句Thecompanycontestedtheagency'sfindings.那家公司对该机构的调查结果提出了质疑。翻译Words例句Hisviewsonevolutionarestronglycontestedbyotherscientists.他关于进化论的观点受到其他科学家的强烈质疑。翻译第49页/共134页contest释义2vt.tocompeteforajoborforsuccessinacompetition

竞争；争夺例句翻译WordsThetwohostelsbegantocontestsharplywitheachotherlastyear.这两家宾馆从去年起就开始激烈竞争。例句翻译Theprizewashotlycontested.对奖品的争夺很激烈。第50页/共134页vote释义1v.(infml)tosuggestwhatyouwouldliketodoinaparticularsituation

建议；提议例句翻译Words例句翻译—

Whatdoyouwanttoeat?”—“IvoteforMexican.”——“你们想吃什么？”——“我建议吃墨西哥菜。”Ivotewehaveadinnertocelebratetheoccasion.我建议，我们设宴对这一大事表示庆祝。第51页/共134页vote释义2v.

toformallyexpressanopinionbychoosingbetweentwoormoreissues,peopleetc投票；表决例句翻译WordsAmericanwomenweredeniedtherighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.

(Jun.1991,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure)真题例句翻译Unionmembersvotedtoacceptmanagement'soffer.工会会员表决接受资方的提议。Ifwecan'tagree,we'llhavetovoteonit.如果意见不统一，我们就得投票表决。第52页/共134页collective释义a.(onlybeforenoun)sharedormadebyeverymemberofagrouporsociety集体的；共同的例句翻译WordsWehadmadeacollectivedecision.我们已经作出一个共同的决定。例句翻译Thedecisiontolaunchnuclearweaponsmustbecollective.发射核武器的决定必须由集体作出。第53页/共134页accuse

释义vt.tosaythatsomeonehasdonesomethingwrongorcommittedacrime指控；控告；指责例句翻译WordsTheyopenlyaccusedherofdishonesty.他们公开指责她不诚实。真题Sheaccusedthemanofbreakingintoherhouse.(Jun.1992,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure)例句翻译Thecityaccusedthecompanyofpollutingtheriver.全体市民指控那家公司污染河流。第54页/共134页proposal释义n.[C]aplanorsuggestion,especiallyaformalonethatagrouphastoconsider计划；建议；议案例句翻译WordsIwelcometheproposaltoreducetaxesforthepoorlypaid.我欢迎减少低收人士纳税的建议。Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionbeputoff.(Jun.1998,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure)

真题例句翻译Theproposalforanewsportcenterhallhasbeenrejected.修建新体育馆的提议遭到了否绝。第55页/共134页establishment释义1n.

[C](fml)anyinstitution,organization,orbusiness

机构；团体；企业例句翻译Words镇上小一点的零售商店主要是为游客服务。Thesmallerretailestablishmentsintownservemainlytourists.例句翻译附近有很多用餐的地方。Therearemanyeatingestablishmentsnearby.第56页/共134页establishment释义2例句翻译Words自从3年前该俱乐部成立以来，会员人数已增加了一倍。Sincetheestablishmentoftheclubthreeyearsago,membershiphasdoubled.Expertshavecalledfortheestablishmentofnewhealthguidelines.例句翻译专家们呼吁设立新的健康准则。n.

[U](~of)theprocessofstartingorcreatingsomethingsuchasanorganization设立；建立第57页/共134页counter释义例句翻译Words他违背了他的诺言行事。Heactedcountertohispromise.a.opposite

相反的；对立的例句翻译Thechildisaskedtobehaveinwayswhichruncountertohisnaturaldesires.

那孩子被要求做违背自己意愿的事。第58页/共134页imply释义vt.ifonethingimpliesanotherthing,theotherthingislikelytoexistortobetrue意味着；意指例句翻译Words沉默意味着赞成。Silenceimpliesconsent.Thedoctor'sfrownimpliedthatsomethingwaswrong.例句翻译医生紧皱眉头，这意味着出问题了。第59页/共134页obligation释义n.[C,U]amoralorlegaldutytodosomething义务，责任例句翻译Words该公司对它的客户负有责任。Thefirmhasanobligationtoitscustomers.例句翻译我对那个孩子没有任何义务。Ihavenoobligationtothatchild.第60页/共134页demonstrate释义vt.toshowclearlythatsomethingistrueorthatitexists证明；说明例句翻译Words你能证明地球围绕太阳旋转吗？Canyoudemonstratethattheearthmovesaroundthesun?例句翻译他们急于向选民证明他们有着务实的政策。Theyareanxioustodemonstratetothevotersthattheyhavepracticalpolicies.Youmustbeabletodemonstratethatyoudeservearaise.

(Dec.2003,CET-4,Readingcomprehension)真题第61页/共134页moderate

释义1a.reasonableandavoidingextremeopinionsoractions合理的；不极端的；温和的例句翻译Words自当选以来她对税收问题的看法变得温和了。Herviewsontaxeshavemoderatedsinceherelection.例句翻译他观点温和，容易相处。Hewasaneasygoingmanofverymoderateviews.第62页/共134页moderate释义2adj.

neitherverygreatnorverysmallinamount,size,strength,ordegree适度的；适中的Rest,GoodCheerandModerateDietarethethreebestdoctors.

充分休息、心情愉快和适量饮食是三大良医。Phrases例句翻译Thatstorehasmoderateprices.那家商店的商品价格适中。例句翻译Amoderateamountofalcoholmayhelpuskeepourmentalabilitiesasweage.

(Jun.1996,CET-4,listeningcomprehension)真题第63页/共134页释义1例句翻译罗马人曾希望教化古代欧洲的所有部落。civilizevt.

tohelpasocietytodevelopitscultureandinstitutions使文明；使开化PhrasesTheRomanshopedtocivilizeallthetribesofancientEurope.例句翻译他的新理论轰动了整个文明世界。Hisnewtheoryhascausedasensationthroughoutthecivilizedworld.

civilized文明的；开化的形容词第64页/共134页释义2例句翻译civilizevt.tomakesomeonebehaveinamorepoliteand

reasonableway

教化；教导；使文雅Phrases例句翻译Let’sdiscussthisinacivilizedmanner.让我们以文雅的方式讨论这个问题吧。ThoseTVprogramsareintendedtocivilizepeople.

那些电视节目的目的在于教化民众。civilized

有礼貌的；有教养的；文雅的形容词第65页/共134页释义例句翻译我需要安静，我得离开这个嘈杂的城市。get

away

Iwantpeace—Imustgetawayfromthisnoisytown.

toescapefromapersonorplace

逃脱；逃离Phrases例句翻译Thosewholieandcheatwillnevergetawaywithit.那些撒谎和欺骗别人的人决不会逃得过惩罚。

第66页/共134页释义例句翻译报社往往派遣特派记者到有重大事件的现场。take

place

Newspaperssendspecialcorrespondentstoplaceswhereimportanteventstakeplace.tohappen

发生Phrases例句翻译Earthquakestakeplacefarunderground.地震发生在地球的极深处。

Tounderstandhowthistransformationhastakenplacewemustbrieflylookbackatourforefathers.(Jun.1992,CET-4,Readingcomprehension)真题第67页/共134页释义例句翻译一般说来，努力学习到头来毕竟是值得的。intheendGenerallyspeaking,learninghardisworthintheendafterall.finally,afteraperiodoftimeorthought

最后；终于Phrases例句翻译Everythingwillcomeoutrightintheend—youjustwaitandsee.你就等着瞧吧，一切最终都会顺利解决。Intheend,only7outof19regularcoladrinkerscorrectlyidentifiedtheirbrandofchoiceinallfourtrials.(Jan.1996,CET-4,Readingcomprehension)真题第68页/共134页Culturepointstheanimalrightsmovement:InBritain,

whereanimalrightsactivistsareparticularly

strong,groupswouldgotothehuntand

blockroads,sprayscentstoconfusehunting

dogsandgenerallymakethehuntimpossible.

Afteralongdebateaboutfox-hunting,the

traditionalcountrysportwasmadeillegalin2004.

Attackshavealsobeenlaunchedagainstplaceswhereanimalsarekeptforscientificresearch.Insomecases,peoplebreakinandletalltheanimalsoutoftheircages.Thisis,ofcourse,illegalbehaviour.第69页/共134页CulturepointsLakeZurich(苏黎世湖)isalakeinSwitzerland,extendingsoutheastofthecityofZurich.ZurichisthelargestcityonLakeZurich.第70页/共134页pike:afishthatlivesinriversandlakesandeatsotherfish梭鱼；梭子鱼；狗鱼

第71页/共134页钓鱼人总喜欢讲“逃脱者”的故事，就是关于那条经过长时间挣扎而脱钩逃跑的鱼的故事。Translation原文逃脱者第72页/共134页想象一下二月里一个寒冷的日子，你在瑞士苏黎世湖边钓着鱼。你刚把鱼线投到水里，耐心等着鱼儿上钩。突然，鱼杆弯曲了，你意识到可能已经逮到了一条相当大的鱼或什么东西。你与这条鱼对抗了十分钟，终于拖出了一条重达十公斤的梭鱼——一种长了很多牙的巨型鱼。按照不怎么科学的说法，即长得越丑的鱼越好吃，你接下来会做什么呢？Translation原文第73页/共134页你猜对了！2009年，当这一切发生在瑞士的一位钓鱼人身上时，他邀请了一帮朋友到一家当地餐馆，享受了一顿美味的午餐。后来他向当地报纸吹嘘他花了多长时间才把那条鱼拖上岸来。可是，这是一个极大的错误。Translation原文第74页/共134页瑞士拥有一些世界上最严厉的动物福利法规，专为保护动物免受人类虐待而设。鱼类、猪、鸟类及其他群居动物是不允许单独圈养的。马和牛必须每天放到户外呆几个小时，冬天也是如此。狗的主人必须参加一些专门的训练课程，并且要用专门的狗粮来喂养他们的宠物。Translation原文第75页/共134页实际上，苏黎世甚至有一位国家出资聘请的律师安托万·格切尔，他专门给受到虐待的动物做代理律师。那位在苏黎世湖钓鱼人的事被一家动物权利组织报道并起诉告上法庭时，格切尔是鱼的代理律师。Translation原文第76页/共134页这位律师认为，他的工作是建立在公平公正的核心原则的基础之上的。动物有可能，实际上也经常受人类虐待。然而人类常常在律师的帮助下为自己辩护，而动物却无法为自己辩护。为动物做法律代表即承认了对动物尊严的尊重。Translation原文第77页/共134页2008年，瑞士通过了一项法律，详细描述了各种动物应有的生存条件。然而，瑞士其他25个联邦州不像苏黎世州那样有动物权利律师。瑞士实行直接民主制，公民可以质疑新法律，或者在有足够多民众支持的情况下，可以投票修改新法律。2010年3月，一群动物权利支持者要求进行一次投票，来决定是否所有的动物都应该像苏黎世的那样，享有国家出资聘请的法律代表。Translation原文第78页/共134页农民们反对这项提议。对于所饲养的牲畜，他们小心翼翼地维护着它们的尊严。但是他们的本职工作——饲养牲畜本身，也冒着被指控犯罪的危险。连联邦政府也反对这项提议，有两个原因。第一，瑞士各州已经设有一家保护动物的特别机构。第二，这些律师需要由纳税人来支付其薪酬。最后，这项提议以70%的反对票被否决。Translation原文第79页/共134页动物权利和动物福利并非现代问题。早在17世纪的英国和爱尔兰，就通过了法律保护动物。18世纪时，关于动物是否具有情感的问题就有过很多讨论。19世纪，英国和美国成立了动物保护团体。而后，在20世纪，动物权利运动因采取直接行动反对一切形式的狩猎，反对科研机构用动物做实验而为人们所知。Translation原文第80页/共134页然而，反对的观点认为权利也意味着义务。尽管我们可以让动物拥有一定的权利，却无法指望它们对我们履行任何义务。此外，一般说来大量的科学研究，特别是一些重要的医学研究，都需要在动物身上进行试验。Translation原文第81页/共134页不仅要通过法律保护动物，还要为它们提供法律代表，这当然是动物权利争论中最极端的立场。至少，这场争论表明了对文明世界中动物的总体福利问题的一种更合理的关注。Translation原文第82页/共134页那条鱼和那位钓鱼人结果怎么样了呢？苏黎世州的那位律师败诉了，虽然这种情况不常见，但这回那位钓鱼人成了逃脱者。Translation原文第83页/共134页MainideaofthepassageThereisstrongfeelinginEuropethatanimalsdeservetobetreatedwell.Humansarenottheonlyspecieswithrights.Ingeneralthismeansanimalwelfarelegislationensuringanimalsinhumancarereceivesuitablefood,shelterandcare,andwildanimalsarenothuntedincruelways.The