新视野大学英语读写教程unit 讲义

新视野大学英语读写教程unit讲义第1页/共79页partIIThesecondpartisParagraph2,whichtellsuswhatpeoplethinkoflivingalone.Whilemanypeoplethinklivinginsolitudemaybeasortofnationaldisease,otherstakeitasacharacteristicofAmericanhero.第2页/共79页partIII

Thethirdpartconsistsofeightparagraphs,fromParagraph3to10.Inthispartthewritermentionsthreefamousliterarygiantswhochoosetobealoneandtellsuswhatmessagewecandrawfromthem.第3页/共79页partIVThefourthpartisinfact,themostimportantpartinwhichthewritertellsofsomelifedetailsofthesolitarypeople.Thispartmadeupof4paragraphs,fromParagraph11to14.第4页/共79页partVThelastpartisthelastthreeparagraphsinwhichthewriteroffershisadviceastothepreferableattitudetowardlivingalone.第5页/共79页TextstructureAnalysisOneofthemainwritingtechniquesemployedismakingcomparisons.InParagraphs11to13thewritercompareshowpeoplelivingwithothersfeelwhentheyareleftalonewiththefeelingofthoselivingalone,andalsothesolitarypeople’sdifferentsolutionstotheneedtotalk.第6页/共79页Para.1

Hereweare,allbyourselves,all22millionofusbyrecentcount,aloneinourrooms,someofuslikingitthatwayandsomeofusnot.

Someofusdivorced,somewidowed,someneveryetcommitted.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第7页/共79页Para.2a

Lonelinessmaybeasortofnationaldiseasehere,andit'smoreembarrassingforustoadmitthananyothersin.Ontheotherhand,tobealoneonpurpose,havingrejectedcompanyratherthanbeencastoutbyit,isonecharacteristicofanAmericanhero.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第8页/共79页Para.2bThesolitaryhunterorexplorerneedsnooneastheyventureoutamongthedeerandwolvestotamethegreatwildareas.Thoreau,aloneinhiscabinonthepond,hisbackdeliberatelyturnedtothetown.Now,that'scharacterforyou.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第9页/共79页ChoosetoBeAloneonPurposePara.3

Inspirationinsolitudeisamajorcommodityforpoetsandphilosophers.They'reallforit.Theyallspeakhighlyofthemselvesforseekingitout,atleastforanhouroreventwobeforetheyhurryhomefortea.

NHCEBack小结预习写作导入释义第10页/共79页Para.4ConsiderDorothyWordsworth,forinstance,helpingherbrotherWilliamputonhiscoat,findinghisnotebookandpencilforhim,andwavingashesetsforthintotheearlyspringsunlighttolookatflowersallbyhimself."Howgraceful,howbenign,issolitude,"hewrote.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第11页/共79页Para.5Nodoubtaboutit,solitudeisimprovedbybeingvoluntary.Para.6LookatMilton'sdaughtersarranginghiscushionsandblanketsbeforetheysilentlycreepaway,sohecancreatepoetry.Then,ratherthantroubletoputitinhisownhandwriting,hecallsthegirlstocomebackandwriteitdownwhilehedictates.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第12页/共79页Para.7Youmayhavenoticedthatmostoftheseartistictypeswentoutdoorstobealone.Theindoorswasfulloflovedoneskeepingthekettlewarmtilltheycamehome.Para.8TheAmericanhighpriestofsolitudewasThoreau.Weadmirehim,notforhisself-reliance,butbecausehewasallbyhimselfoutthereatWaldenPond,andhewantedtobe—allaloneinthewoods.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第13页/共79页Para.9aActualy,heliveamile,or20minutes’walk,fromhisnearestneighbor;halfamilefromtherailroad;threehundredyardsfromabusyroad.Hehadcompanyinandoutofthehutallday,askinghimhowhecouldpossiblybesonoble.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第14页/共79页Para.9bApparentlythemainpointofhisnobilitywasthathehadneitherwifenorservants,usedhisownaxetochophisownwood,andwashedhisowncupsandsaucers.Idon'tknowwhodidhislaundry;hedoesn'tsay,buthecertainlydoesn'tmentiondoinghisown,either.Listentohim:"Ineverfoundthecompanionthatwassocompanionableassolitude."NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第15页/共79页Para.10Thoreauhadhisownself-importanceforcompany.Perhapsthere'samessagehere:Thelargertheego,thelesstheneedforotheregosaround.Themoremodestandhumblewefeel,themorewesufferfromsolitude,feelingourselvesinadequatecompany.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第16页/共79页Para.11a

Ifyoulivewithotherpeople,theirtemporaryabsencecanberefreshing.SolitudewillendonThursday.IftodayIuseasingularpersonalpronountorefertomyself,nextweekIwillusethe

pluralform.Whiletheothersareabsentyoucanstretchoutyoursouluntilitfillsupthewholeroom,anduseyourfreedom,comingandgoingasyoupleasewithoutapology,stayinguplatetoread,soakinginthebath,eatingawholepintoficecreamatonesitting,movingatyourownpace.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第17页/共79页Para.11b

Thoseabsentwillbeback.Theirwaterproofwintercoatsareintheclosetandthedogkeepswatchingforthematthewindow.

Butwhenyoulivealone,thetemporaryabsenceofyourfriendsandacquaintancesleavesavacuum;theymaynevercomeback.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第18页/共79页Para.12a

Theconditionoflonelinessrisesandfalls,buttheneedtotalkgoesonforever.It'smorebasicthanneedingtolisten.Oh,weallhavefriendswecantellimportantthingsto,peoplewecancalltosaywelostourjoborfellonaslipperyfloorandbrokeourarm.It'sthedailysuccessionofsmallcomplaintsandobservationsandopinionsthatbacksupandchokesus.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第19页/共79页Para.12bWecan'treallycallafriendtosaywegotaparcelfromoursister,orit'sgettingdarkearliernow,orwedon'ttrustthatnewSupremeCourtjustice.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第20页/共79页Para.13aScientificsurveysshowthatwewholivealonetalkatlengthtoourselvesandourpetsandthetelevision.Weaskthecatwhetherweshouldwearthebluesuitortheyellowdress.Weasktheparrotifweshouldpreparesteak,ornoodlesfor,dinner.Wearguewithourselvesoverwhoisthegreatersportsman:thatfigureskaterorthisskier.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第21页/共79页Para.13bThere'snothingwrongwiththis.It'sgoodforus,andalotlessembarrassingthanthewomaninfrontofusinlineatthemarketwho'stellingthecashierthathernieceMelissamaybecomingtovisitonSaturday,andMelissaisveryfondofhotchocolate,whichiswhysheboughtthepowderedhotchocolatemix,thoughsheneverdrinksitherself.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第22页/共79页Para.14It'simportanttostayrational.Para.15It'simportanttostopwaitingandsettledownandmakeourselvescomfortable,atleasttemporarily,andfindsomegraceandpleasureinourcondition,notlikeaself-centeredBritishpoetbutlikeapatientprincesssealedupinatower,waitingforthehappyendingtoourfairytale.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第23页/共79页Para.16Afterall,hereweare.Itmaynotbewhereweexpectedtobe,butforthetimebeingwemightaswellcallithome.Anyway,thereisnoplacelikehome.NHCEBack小结预习写作导入词汇学习课文分析随笔第24页/共79页短语总结征服广袤的原野tamethegreatwildareas最有用的东西amajorcommodity自视甚高speakhighlyofoneself毫无疑问nodoubtaboutit蹑手蹑脚地走开creepaway交通繁忙的大路abusyroad有人为伴havecompany某人主要的高洁之处themainpointofone’s

nobility

砍柴chopwood洗衣服doalaundry

以某人为伴tohavesomeonefor

company第25页/共79页随意asyouplease熬夜stayuplate详细叙说talkatlength快乐的结局happyending抛弃，驱逐castout找出，搜索出seekout动身，阐述setforth放松，深处，延长stretchout安下心来，定居settledown第26页/共79页Para.1事实如此，我们孤独无依地生活着。据最近的统计，共有2,200万人独自生活在自己的住所里。其中有些人喜欢这种生活，有些却不喜欢。有些离了婚，有些鳏寡无伴，也有些从未结过婚。新视野大学英语NHCE第27页/共79页Para.2孤独或许是这里的一种民族弊病，我们羞于承认它，甚于其他任何罪恶。而另一方面，故意选择独处，拒绝别人的陪伴而非为同伴所弃，却是美国式英雄的一个特点。新视野大学英语NHCE第28页/共79页Para.2孤独的猎人或探险者去鹿群和狼群中冒险，征服广袤的荒野时，并不需要有人陪伴。梭罗独居在湖畔的小屋，有意疏离了城市生活。现在，这成了你的个性。新视野大学英语NHCE第29页/共79页Para.3独处的灵感是诗人和哲学家最有用的东西。他们都赞成独处，都因能够独处而自视甚高，至少在他们匆忙赶回家喝茶之前的一两个小时之内是这样。新视野大学英语NHCE第30页/共79页Para.4就拿多萝西·华兹华斯来说吧，她帮哥哥威廉穿上外衣，为他找到笔记本和铅笔，向他挥手告别，目送他走进早春的阳光去独自对花沉思。他写道：“独处多么优雅，惬意。”新视野大学英语NHCE第31页/共79页Para.5毫无疑问，如果自愿独处，感觉要好得多。Para.6看看弥尔顿的女儿们：她们为他准备好垫子和毯子，然后蹑手蹑脚地走开，以便他能创作诗歌。然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们记下来。新视野大学英语NHCE第32页/共79页Para.7看看弥尔顿的女儿们：她们为他准备好垫子和毯子，然后蹑手蹑脚地走开，以便他能创作诗歌。然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们记下来。Para.8也许你已经注意到，这些艺术家类型的人，大多是到户外独处，而家里则自有亲人备好了热茶，等着他们回家。新视野大学英语NHCE第33页/共79页Para.9实际上，他最近的邻居离他只有一英里，走路也就20分钟；铁路离他半英里；交通繁忙的大路距他300码。整天都有人进出他的小屋，请教他何以能够如此高洁。显然，他的高洁之处主要在于：他既没有妻子也没有仆人，自己动手用斧头砍柴，自己洗杯洗碟。我不知道谁为他洗衣服，他没说，但他也肯定没提是他自己洗。听听他是怎么说的：“我从未发现比独处更好的伙伴。”新视野大学英语NHCE第34页/共79页Para.10梭罗以自尊自重为伴。也许这里的启示是：自我意识越强，就越不需要其他的人在周围。我们越是感觉谦卑，就越受孤独的折磨，感到仅与自己相处远远不够。新视野大学英语NHCE第35页/共79页Para.11a若与别人同住，他们的小别会使你感到耳目一新。孤独将会于星期四结束。如果今天我提到自己时使用的是单数人称代词，那么下星期我就会使用复数形式。其他人不在的时候，你可以放飞自己的灵魂，让它充满整个房间。你可以充分享受自由，随意来去而无需道歉。新视野大学英语NHCE第36页/共79页Para.11b你可以熬夜读书、大泡浴缸、一口气吃掉整整一品脱的冰淇淋。你可以按自己的节奏行动。暂别的人会回来。他们的冬季防水大衣还放在衣橱里，狗也在窗边密切留意他们归来的身影。但如果你单独居住，那么朋友或熟人的暂时离别会使你感到空虚，也许他们永远也不会回来了。新视野大学英语NHCE第37页/共79页Para.12a孤独的感觉时起时落，但我们却永远需要与人交谈。这比需要倾听更重要。噢，我们都有朋友，可以把大事要事向他们倾诉。我们可以打电话对朋友说我们丢了工作，或者说我们在湿滑的地板上摔倒了，跌断了胳膊。每日不断的琐碎抱怨，对各种事情的看法和意见，积在那儿，塞满了我们的心。新视野大学英语NHCE第38页/共79页Para.12b我们不会真打电话给一位朋友，说我们收到了姐姐的一个包裹，或者说现在天黑得比较早，或者说我们不信任最高法院新来的法官。新视野大学英语NHCE第39页/共79页Para.13a科学调查表明，独居的人会对着自己、对着宠物、对着电视机唠叨不休。我们问猫儿今天该穿蓝色套装还是黄色裙装，问鹦鹉今天晚餐该做牛排还是面条。我们跟自己争论那个花样滑冰选手和这个滑雪运动员到底谁更了不起。新视野大学英语NHCE第40页/共79页Para.13b这没什么不妥，也对我们有好处，而且不像有些人那么令人尴尬：在超市付款处，排在前面的女人告诉收银员，她的侄女梅利莎星期六可能会来看她。梅莉莎非常喜欢热巧克力，所以她买了速溶热巧克力粉，虽然她自己从来不喝这东西。新视野大学英语NHCE第41页/共79页Para.14重要的是保持理性。Para.15重要的是不再等待，而是安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，至少暂时要这样。要在我们自身的条件下发现一些优雅和乐趣，不要做一个以自我为中心的英国诗人，而要像一个被关在塔楼里的公主，耐心地等待着我们的童话故事迎来快乐的结局。新视野大学英语NHCE第42页/共79页Para.16毕竟，事已至此，这或许不是我们所期望的局面，但眼下我们不妨称之为家吧。不管怎么说，没有什么地方比家更好。新视野大学英语NHCE第43页/共79页

Castout

makesb.leaveaplace,orrefusetoacceptsb.aspartofagroup赶走，驱逐

Heclaimedtohavethepowertocastoutdemons.他声称有能力驱鬼。

back第44页/共79页VentureoutriskgoingsomewherethatmightbedangerousorunpleasantI'drathernotventureoutinpouringrainifIdon'thaveto!如果不是非出去不可，我可不愿冒着倾盆大雨出去。

back第45页/共79页Tame1)makesb.orsth.easytocontrolAgroupofpolicemenwascalledouttotamethecrowds.一队警察被叫来制服人群。2)trainananimalorbirdnottobeafraidofhumansandtobeobedientIt'shardtotameatiger.驯服老虎很难。

back第46页/共79页inspiration

n.[C,U]asuddengoodideaaboutwhattodoorsay灵感

Wordsworthfound(his)inspirationintheLakeDistrict.华兹华斯从湖区获得灵感。

Hishardworkisaconstantinspirationtousall.他刻苦工作的态度不断地激励着我们每个人。back

第47页/共79页solituden.[U]thesituationofbeingalone独居，孤独

Peopleneedachancetoreflectonspiritualmattersinsolitude.人们需要独处的机会来反思精神上的事情。

Heenjoysthesolitudeofhisownflat.他喜欢在自己的公寓套间里独居。back第48页/共79页commodity

n.1.[C]sth.thatisusefulornecessary有用的东西；必需品Ifyou'regoingintoteaching,energyisanecessarycommodity.如果你打算从事教学，精力充沛是个必要的素质。Waterisapreciouscommoditythatisoftentakenforgranted.水是一种珍贵的东西，可是它往往不被重视。

2.[C]asubstanceorproductthatcanbeboughtorsold商品，货物

Thereisaninternationalcommoditiesmarketinthecity.该城市有一个国际商品市场。back

第49页/共79页sunlightn.

[U]thelightthatcomesfromthesun阳光，日光

Theearlymorningsunlightshonethroughthecurtains.清晨的阳光透过窗帘照了进来。

Ourgardengetsalotofsunlight.我们的花园充满阳光。back第50页/共79页companionable

a.friendlyandpleasanttobewith友善的，友好的Heseldomspoke,buthewasneverimpatientwithher,alwayskind,acompanionablefatherfigure.他很少说话，可是他从来没有对她不耐烦过，总是很善良，是一个友善的父亲型的人。He'sanicecompanionablesortofaperson.他是那种友善易处的人。back第51页/共79页humblea.1.havingamodestopinionofoneself谦逊的，谦虚的

Manyfamouspeoplearesurprisinglyhumble.许多名人出人意料地谦虚。

Hestrikesmeasaveryhumbleperson.他的谦虚给我留下了深刻的印象。

2.havingalowsocialclassorposition地位或身份低下的

Idoquiteahumblejobatthehospital.我在医院从事很普通的工作。

Weliveinahumblelittlevillage.我们住在一个普通的小村庄里。

back第52页/共79页inadequatea.notenoughornotgoodenoughforaparticularpurpose不充分的；不足的inadequatesupplies短缺的供应品Thesystemisinadequateforthetasksithastoperform.这个系统还不完善，没法进行这个工作。back第53页/共79页Plural

形容词a.

1.【语】复数的

Dataisapluralnoun.

"Data"是一个复数名词。

2.由两个以上的人(或物)组成的;多元的名词n.【语】

1.复数[U]2.复数形式(的词)[C]

Thepluralofanounisusuallymadebyadding-stothesingular.

名词复数通常以单数加-s构成。back第54页/共79页soakvi.spendalongtimetakingabath长时间泡浴

Soakinawarmbathtorelax.泡个热水澡放松。v.makesth.verywetorbecomeverywet使湿透；浸湿

Asuddenshowerofrainsoakedthespectators.突如其来的一阵雨把观众淋了个透。

Thebloodsoakedthroughthebandage.血渗透了绷带。back第55页/共79页apologyn.[C]awordorstatementtosayyouaresorryforhavingdonesth.wrongorforupsettingsb.道歉

ImadenoapologyforwhatIsaid—itwasafaircomment.我不打算为自己说的话道歉──我的评论是公正的。

Ihaveanapologytomaketoyou—I'mafraidIopenedyourletterbymistake.我得向你道歉──我误拆了你的信。back第56页/共79页backup1.(causeto)blockup（使）积压；（使）拥塞Thecorrespondencehasbeenbackingupforseveraldays.待处理的信件已积压了好几天。Manyvehicleswerebackedupatthecrossroadsbecauseoftheaccident.由于事故，很多车辆被堵在十字路口。2.supportsb.,esp.inanargument支持Harrywillbackmeupwholeheartedlyasheusedto.哈里会像过去一样全心全意地支持我。Thepolicemanwouldn'thavebelievedmeifyouhadn'tbackedmeup.如果你当时不支持我，警察是不会相信我的。back第57页/共79页atlength1.foralongtimeandingreatdetail长久地；详尽地Hetalkedatlengthabouthisworkandfamily.他详细地谈了他的工作和家庭。Wehavealreadydiscussedthismatteratlength.我们已详细讨论过这件事了。2.afteralongtime最终，终于"Yes,Isawhim,"shesaidatlength,knowingthatshehadnochoicebuttoadmittoitincaseshehadbeenseenattheapartment.“是的，我见到过他，”她终于说了，知道自己只能承认，怕万一有人曾看见过她在那个房间。back第58页/共79页inlineinarowofpeoplestandingonebehindtheotherwhilewaitingforsth.（排）成一行，（排）成一队Youarenotinlinewiththeothers.你没有和别人排成一行。Thechildrenstoodinline.孩子们站成一队.back第59页/共79页settledownbecomequietandcalmormakesb.dothis（使）安定下来Hesettleddowntodohishomework.他安下心来做家庭作业。Whenareyougoingtogetmarriedandsettledown?你打算什么时候成家，安定下来？back第60页/共79页forthetimebeingforashortperiodoftimefromnow,butnotpermanently暂时，眼下Alliswell,forthetimebeing.眼下一切顺利。Hewantedtostopbutdecidedtocontinueforthetimebeing.他原想停止，但又决定暂且继续干下去。back第61页/共79页mightaswell

usedtosuggestthatsb.shoulddosth.becausethereisnogoodreasontodoanythingelse只好；还是...为好Imightaswellgo.我最好还是去。Sinceyoucan'twintherace,youmightaswellquit.既然你赢不了这场赛跑，倒不如退出比赛。back第62页/共79页stretchout

1.lengthensth.bypulling拉长，伸长Shestretchedouttherubberbandtoonemeterlong.她把橡皮筋拉长到1米。Thenegotiationprocesswasstretchedouttoseveralmonths.谈判过程延长到了好几个月。2.liedown,usu.inordertorelaxorsleep躺平；舒展JuststretchoutandrelaxonthebedwhileIcookdinner.我去做晚餐,你在床上躺好，好好休息。Hestretchedoutonthegrass.他平躺在草地上。back第63页/共79页ego

one'sideaoropinionofoneself,orgreatfeelingofone'sownimportanceandabilityIssuccessgoodforego?成功对一个人的自尊有好处吗？Hiscriticisminjuredmyego.他的批评伤了我的自尊心1)havingalowopinionofoneselfandahighopinionofothersWhywereyousohumbleinthemanager'soffice?在经理办公室里你为什么那样卑躬屈膝？2)havingalowrankorsocialpositionHeheldahumbleposition.他职位低下back第64页/共79页speakhighlyofexpressagoodopinionofsb.orsth.对...给予高度评价；赞扬Theyspokehighlyofhisbehavior.他们对他的行为高度称赞。speakillofsayunkindthingsaboutDon'tspeakillofthedead.别说死者的坏话。back第65页/共79页seekoutfindsb.orsth.bylookingfortheminadeterminedway找到；找出Hemanagedtoseekouthisfriendinthecrowd.他设法在人群中找出了自己的朋友。Themagazineisseekingoutreaders'opinions.这本杂志正在征求读者的意见。back第66页/共79页setforth

startajourney出发，动身Columbussetforthwiththreesmallships.哥伦布率领三只小船出发了。It'sgettinglate—timetosetforth.时间不早了──该出发了。back

第67页/共79页atonesitting 一口气aperiodoftimethatapersonspendssittinganddoinganactivityIreadthebookatonesitting.我坐着一口气把书读完了。back

第68页/共79页atone’sownpaceatthespeedatwhichsb.doessth.asfastasorasslowashecanHepreferstoworkathisownpace.他更喜欢按照自己的节奏工作。back

第69页/共79页

Inspirationinsolitudeisamajorcommodityforpoetsandphilosophers.They'reallforit.Meaning:Inspirationinsolitudeisthemostusefulthingforpoetsandphilosophers.Theyareallinfavorofit.befor:support;favourI'mforthechairman'splan.我赞成主席的计划。"I'mallforsexualequalitybutIdon'twantmywifetowork,"saidtheman.那个男子说：“我完全拥护男女平等，但是我不想让我妻子工作。”

第70页/共79页Languagepoint

Hereweare,allbyourselves,all22millionofusbyrecentcount,aloneinourrooms,someofuslikingitthatwayandsomeofusnot.(Para.1)

Meaning:Wearehere,livingallalone—accordingtorecentstatisticsupto22millionofusarelivingaloneinourrooms;somelikethesolitarywayoflifeandsomedon'tlikeit.back

第71页/共79页Languagepoint

Someofusdivorced,somewidowed,someneveryetcommitted.(Para.1)

Meaning:Someofuslivealoneafterdivor