初中英语语法-形容词和副词(含练习)

专题复习---形容词和副词（一）形容词的构成及其用法用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词叫形容词。它在句中可以充当定语、表语和宾语补足语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。Eg.Thosebigmooncakesaredelicious.(作表语)Eg.Therearemanybeautifulflowersinthepark.(作定语)修饰词尾为-body/-one;-thing不定代词时，必须放在其后。Eg.There’snothingwrongwithmybike.Eg.Pleasegivemesomethingdelicioustoeat.Eg.Anybodyclevercan’tdosuchstupidthings.表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用结构：数词+名词+形容词12yearsold/8meterslong/3meterswide/100kilometershigh/1.8meterstallEg.It’sariver6metersdeep.Eg.That’saroad300kilometerslong.Eg.Theyoungmanis1.8meterstall.系动词（look,sound,smell,taste,feel）之后要接形容词Eg.Thesouptastesnice.Eg.Theyalllookedveryhappyafterhearingthegoodnews.–ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别-ed形容词通常用来形容人，而-ing形容词通常用来形容事或物如：disappointed/excited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/relaxed(某人)感到失望/兴奋/有趣/奇怪/厌烦/震惊/放松disappointing/exciting/interesting/surprising/boring/amazing/relaxing（某事）令人失望的/兴奋的/有趣的/奇怪的/厌烦的/震惊的/放松的“the+部分形容词”表示“一类人”theyoungtheoldtherichthepoor副词的构成和用法。副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰动词、动词词组、形容词等。副词的构成形式主要有两大类：单词本身就是副词。例如：often,now,always,then,yesterday,today,much,very,abit,so,here,there,等大部分副词都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的，其构成方法见下表：大多数形容词直接加-lybad-badly;careful-carefully以-y结尾的形容词变-y为-i,再加lyeasy-easily;busy-busily以le结尾的形容词去掉-e,再加-yterrible-terribly;gentle-gently以辅音+e结尾的形容词直接加-lynice-nicely;safe-safely以元音+e结尾的形容词去掉--e,再加-lytrue-truly注意：(1)形容词good的副词形式是well(2)high;fast;late;early等形容词和副词同形(3)有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：friendly(友好的)；lovely(可爱的)；lively（生动的）；ugly（丑陋的）；lonely（孤独的；寂寞的）enough(足够的；足够地)：当enough修饰名词时，要放在名词前面；而修饰形容词或副词时，则要放在其后。Eg:Wehaveenoughfoodtoeat.Eg.Theclothesaresoftenoughforyoutowear.易混词辨析1）hard和hardlyhard作“艰辛的，坚硬的”时是形容词；作“努力地，辛苦地”是副词hardly意为“几乎不”，只能作副词eg.Thediamondisveryhard.Theoldmanlivedahardlifeinthepast.Maryworksveryhard,buthisbrotherisverylazyandhehardlyworks.2）alone和lonelyalone意为“单独地，独自地”，作副词，强调客观事实lonely意为“寂寞的，孤独的”作形容词，含有主观的感情色彩eg.Theoldladylivesalone,butsheneverfeelslonely.课堂练习：Task1:翻译短语。1.忙碌的一天2.回家晚3.仔细地书写4.一本有趣的书5.非常喜欢6.美丽的花7.刚才8.立即9.九个新学生10.静静地坐着11.起床早12.度长假13.快乐的女孩14.大大的蓝色眼睛Task2:用所给词的正确形式填空.1.Kenis_______inplayingfootball,hethinksfootballis_______.(interest)2.Ifeelvery________now,doingnothingathomeis____________.(bore)3.Ifeel________________atthe_________________news.(disappoint)4.Wewillmakeyou____________bythe_____________hairstyle.(excite)5.Youwillbe_____________byreadingthis_____________film.(relax)6.Weallfelt______________whenweheardofthe_______________news.(surprise)7.Iwon’tfeelifIdon’tfindanswers.(satisfy)Task3:单项选择。1.Weare.Becausehisstoryisnot.A.tired;oldB.sleepy(欲睡的);interestingC.hungry;deliciousD.happy;interesting2.It’svery.Pleaseclosethedoorandthewindows.A.coldB.hotC.warmD.expensive3.Jackwenttoschool.Hisparentswereangry.A.lateB.earlyC.wellD.soon4.Thechildrenaresleeping.Pleasewalk.A.fastB.beautifullyC.quietD.quietly5.Tomgoestothezoo.Thedogsthereknowhim.A.soonB.oftenC.carefullyD.kind6.It’ssummer.Autumniscoming.A.verymuchB.justnowC.tomorrowD.soon7.Thisriveris.A.500meterlongB.500meterslongC.500longmetersD.500longmeter8.Isthisaphotoofyourdaughter?Shelooksinthepinkdress!A.lovelyB.quietlyC.politelyD.happily9.Thequestionisforyoutoanswer.A.enougheasyB.enougheasilyC.easyenoughD.easilyenough10.Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.longB.highC.thickD.wide11.Ihavetodotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething12.Passmyglassestome,Jack.BecauseIcanreadthewordsinthenewspaper.A.hardlyB.reallyC.clearlyD.nearly13.Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel.A.lonelyB.aloneC.happilyD.friendly14.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining.A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavily15.Helookedatitagain.A.careB.carefulnessC.carefulD.carefully课后练习：Task1:根据句意及所给提示，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Thelittlegirliscrying(sad).2.Simonisagoodcarsalesman.Hecansellcarsvery(good).3.Yourmathisnotverygood.Youshouldstudyit(hard).4.Doyouseethegirloverthere?Shecandance(beautiful).Wesawmanydifferentbirdsintheparkandwelearntotellpeopleaboutthem(correct).Task2:选择形容词或副词（划线部分），连词成句。Thebirds;nice/nicely;singsoft/softly;she;thedoor;closedspeak;fluent/fluently;threelanguages;can;shecareful/carefully;writeyourreport;pleaseMrZhang;in;working;busy/busily;theoffice;isTask3:单项选择。1.---MrSmith,wouldyoupleasespeakalittlemore?---Sorry!Ithoughtyouwouldfollowme.A.slowlyB.politelyC.seriouslyD.clearly2.---Yourcoffeesmells.---Thankyou.Imadeitbymyself.Wouldyouliketotasteit?A.wellB.sweetC.nicelyD.bad3.Theshoessell,becausetheyareinquality.A.good;wellB.good;goodC.well;wellD.well;good4.Heisaworkeranddoeseverything.A.careful;carefulB.carefully;carefullyC.carefully;carefulD.careful;carefully5.Remembernottospeakwhenweareinthereadingroom.A.fastB.slowlyC.politelyD.loudly6.TheInternetisveryusefulforus.Wecanfindinformation.A.easyB.easilyC.excitedlyD.angrily7.Itwasveryintheclassroom,sotheteacherhadtowalk.A.quiet;quietlyB.quietly;quietC.quiet;quietD.quietly;quietly8.Themeatsmells.You’dbetterthrowitaway.A.badlyB.badC.goodD.well9.Welovetogotothecountryinspringastheflowerssmellso.A.wellB.niceC.wonderfullyD.nicely10.---Yourfatherdoesn’tlook.He’slookingatyou.What’swrong?---I’vebrokenhisvase.A.happy;angryB.happily;angrilyC.happy;angrilyD.happily;angry11.Theyoungladywalkedintotheroominordernottowakeupthebaby.A.quicklyB.quietlyC.slowlyD.hurriedly12.---Don’tworry.Mymotherwilllookafteryourbaby.---Thanksalot.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.enoughcarefulD.carefullyenough专题复习---形容词和副词(二)形容词和副词比较等级的构成：(重点)规则变化：一般在词尾加-er或-est如：long-longer-longest;fast-faster-fastest;high-higher-highest;strong-stronger-strongest2)以字母e结尾的词，直接加-r或者-st如：wide-wider-widest;nice-nicer-nicest;large-larger-largest3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i,再加-er或-est如：happy-happier-happiest;easy-easier-easiest;busy-busier-busiest4)以“辅-元-辅”结构结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er或-est如：hot-hotter-hottestwet-wetter-wettest5)部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，在词前加more或most如：useful-moreuseful-mostusefulhelpful-morehelpful-mosthelpfulbeautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautifulexpensive-moreexpensive-mostexpensivedifficult-moredifficult-mostdifficultimportant-moreimportant-mostimportant不规则变化：口诀：多好与一点点坏；相差很远加一老many/much-more-mostgood/well-better-bestlittle-less-leastbad-worse-worstfar-farther-farthest/far-further-furthest注意：farther/farthest---表示实际距离，意为：“更远的/最远的”Eg.Ican’twalkanyfarther.further/furthest---表示抽象距离，意为：“更进一步/最深层次的”eg.furthertalk/communicationold-older-oldest/old-older-oldestolder/oldest:表示年龄上的大小，而elder/eldest表示辈份上的大小eg.Heisfiveyearsolderthanme.eg.eldersister/brother形容词和副词的等级用法：（重难点）原级的用法：肯定句：A+谓语+as+adj原级+as+B表示“A与B一样…”Eg.MaryisastallasLily.Eg.Thisroomisaswideasthatone.否定句：A+谓语+not+as/so+adj原级+as+B表示“A不如B”Eg.Maryisnotas/sotallasLily.拓展：与比较级进行转换：=MaryisshorterthanLily.=LilyistallerthanMary.2.比较级的用法：两者之间进行比较，than是比较级的标志1）A+谓语+比较级+than+B表示“A比B更……”Eg.Thisroomisbiggerthanthatone.Who/Which+谓语+比较级，AorB?表示“A或B哪个更……”Eg.Whoismorebeautiful?LilyorLucy?Eg.Whichtastesbetter?appleororange?……+be+the+比较级+ofthetwo.Eg.Moliisthebetterofthetwogirls.4)单音节词：比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越……” 双音节词：moreandmore+adj/adv原级表示“越来越……” Eg.Grandpaisgettingolderandolder.Eg.Saraisturningmoreandmorebeautiful.5)the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越……，越……”eg.Themore,thebetter.Eg.Thehappierheis,thehealthierhewillbe.注意：比较级前可以用much;alittle;far;even;alot;any等修饰，而very;too;quite等词不能修饰比较级。最高级的用法：三者或三者以上的比较用最高级，表示“最”，形容词最高级前面的“the”绝对不可以省略，而副词最高级前的“the”可以省略。1）……the+最高级+of/in……,of后接数字，in后接围注意：此句型中of与in是要用最高级的标志Eg.Heisthetallestofthethree/four/five…/all.Eg.Heisthetallestinhisclass.2)Who/Which+谓语+最高级，AorBorC?Eg.Whoisthebest?Susan,LindaorMandy?……+be+oneofthe+最高级+复数名词表示“最……之一”Eg.Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.4)……the+序数词+最高级……表示“第几……的”Eg.Heisthesecondtalleststudentinhisclass. Eg.Sheisthethirdyoungestladyinthegroup.原级，比较级和最高级之间的转换。原级和比较级之间的转换Eg.Maryisnotas/sotallasLily. =MaryisshorterthanLily.=LilyistallerthanMary.最高级和比较级之间的转换Heisthetallestboyinhisclass.=Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.=Heistallerthantheotherboysinhisclass.课堂练习：Task1:写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。shortniceheavyusefulhotmanylittlegoodwellcoldsmallbigmuchbusybadoldfarbeautifulimportantcarefullyTask2:用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Youshouldpracticeas(much)asyoucan.2.Heis(young)thanhistwosisters.3.Thepatientis(well)thanbefore.4.Sheisoneofthe(tall)girlsinherclass.5.Anoceanis(large)thanasea.6.Themarketis(dirty)thanthesupermarket.7.Whichdoyoulike(well),EnglishorPhysics?8.Summeristhe(hot)seasonoftheyear.9.Whoisthe(short),Lily,AnnorMolly?10.IthinkTomisthe(good)ofthethree.Task3:单项选择1.Welcometoourhotel.It’sinthecity.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest2.BecauseoftheInternet,wecangetinformationthanbefore.A.fastB.fasterC.fastestD.morefast3.Theathleteisgettingolderandolderandcannotjumpasashedidbefore.A.highB.higherC.highestD.muchhigher4.HespeaksEnglishthananyotherstudentinhisclass.A.bestB.goodC.wellD.better5.Ofalltheapplesinthebasket,thisoneis.A.thereddestB.redderC.reddestD.theredder6.MybikeisasasLucy’s.Youcanuseeitherofthem.A.asbetterasB.asgoodasC.aswellasD.asbestas7.Whichisthe,thetrainstation,thebusstationortheairport?A.farB.farthestC.fartherD.morefar8.JanuaryismonthinBeijing,butitisdifferentinAustralia.A.coldB.colderC.coldestD.thecoldest9.Theiceinthelakeisasasitwasbefore.A.thinB.thinnerC.thinnestD.thethinnest10.---It’swinternow.Thedaysaregetting.---Yes.Wehavetostartearly.A.moreandmorelongB.longerandlongerC.moreandmoreshortD.shorterandshorter11.Canadaisthesecondcountryintheworld.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.morelarger12.---WhichisseasoninShenzhen?---Maybeitissummer.It’softentoohottogoout.A.worstB.theworstC.bestD.thebest13.Heisthecleverestboythethree.A.atB.ofC.fromD.in14.Ihopetoreceiveyourletterasaspossible.A.quickB.quicklyC.highD.highly15.InShenzhen,itishotinJuly,butit’seveninAugust.A.hotB.hoterB.hotterD.hottest课后练习：Task1:写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。1.wonderful2.tall3.bad4.little5.few6.good7.many8.well9.much10.easyTask2:单项选择。1.Ithinkthiscardisthanthatone.A.niceB.nicerC.nicestD.thenicest2.ZhangMingranfasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too3.Sorry,ItookyourMP4bymistake.I’llbecarefulnexttime.A.mostB.moreC.much