初中英语语法知识点提纲 中考英语语法复习提纲

PAGE1页NUMPAGES31如：Sheknewthattheteacherhadseenthe“thattheteacherhadseenthefilm”做knew的宾语，同时又是由连接词that引导的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。如：Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass.他问我们班如：Iagreewithwhatyousaidjustnow.我同意你刚才说的话。如：IamafraidthatIwillbelate.唯恐我要迟到了。Idontknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不连接代词：what，which，who，whom，whose(在宾语从句中做连接副词：where，when，how，why(Thesmallchildrendontknowwhatisintheirstockings.(what在宾Couldyoutellmewhyyouwerelateforthemeetingthismorning?(why在宾语从句中做缘由状语)Idontknowwhenhewillcomeback.Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.他告知我他姐姐昨天回SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢Hesaidthathecouldfinishhisworkbeforesupper.他说他会在晚饭Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老师说过地球围着代词冠词介词连词感叹词二).句子成分：如：TheboyneedsaSmokingisbadforyou=Tosmokeisbadfor如：Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Sheisreading.如：HewontheHelikesplaying如：Hewrotemealetter有时可把介词tofor如：Hewrotealettertome么样”。一般由名词或形容词担当，置于系动词或be动词之后。如：Heisastudent.Wearebefeelsmelltaste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,growturn,goremain,keephold,stay,rest如：Theblackbikeismine.(形容词)TheboyinblueisJimIhavenothingtodotoday.(当定语修饰不定代词如：nothinganythingeverything等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如：Itellhimsomething例如：Theboyswhoareintheroomareplayinggames.如：Iamvery如：Inordertocheerhimup,Itoldhimthetruth.TheyarewritingEnglishinthebe动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。如：Weoftenhelphim.Heisalwayslateforclass.7、补语：补充说明宾语怎么样或干什么,。由n./adj./如：Hemademesad.(Sheasksmetotakeanumbrella.(不定式)Thewarmadehimasoldier.(名词)Ifindhimathome.(Isawacatrunningalongthewall.(8、同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的状况,它可以由名如：Tomourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.Sheistheoldestamongthem一).构词法：1、合成法：如：spaceship,headache,basketball,playground派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词⑤其他,如：inventor,learner,swimming,congratulation,kindness,carelessness,knowledge派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed⑤dangerous⑥Chinese;Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowysunnyhopeful,beautifulinteresting,follwing,daily(每日的),nervous,delicious派生副词：①形容词+ly②其它,如：slowly,angrily,full→fully,good→well,possible→possibly等等。形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干),clean(干净的)→clean(动词→名词,如：lookwalk,rest,work,studyswim,go,talk(4)形容词→副词,如：early→early,fast→fast等等。一、名词：一).名词的数1、可数名词一般是个体名词，如aboy(一个男孩)，集体名词afamily(一个家庭)，可数名词在句子中必需有头或是有尾，头就是a，one，an或物主代词;尾就是复加-os，sh，ch，xce，se，ze，（d）ge变y为i，再加-esPAGE10页NUMPAGES31以f或fe结尾的名词ffev，再加-esfoot-feet,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,man-child-children,ox-fish,sheep,deer,means,Chinese,yuan,jin,用a，one，two等修饰，只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。the 警察(指全体警察)the 英国人(指全体英国人 teachers女 Englishman—Englishmen英国男子 2、不行数名词专出名词：NBA美篮协会MichaelJackson迈克杰克逊theWest物质名词：液体：milk teacoffeejuiceoil(油肉类：beefchickenmutton天气：weatherrainsnowwindlight光其他：news(新闻，消息)bread(面包)抽象名词：funloveluckdutykindnesshappinesstea—differentkindsofteas不同种类的茶food食品—allkindsoffoods各种各样的食品fruit水果—allkindsoffruits各种各样的水果glass玻璃—aglass一个玻璃杯—glasses眼镜、玻璃杯一).名词的格①一般在单数或复数名词后加-s。如：Tomschair;thechildrens②以-sthestudentsreading③并列名词表示各自所属时，在两个名词之后都加s如：TomandMikesfatherTom’sandMike’sfathers如：atTom’s在汤姆家里atthetailors在裁缝店atachemists店如：thecoversofthebook(s)书的封面aphotoofmyfamily：如：theworksofLuXun,LaoSheandMaothefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChina中华人民共和国的成立yesterdaysnewspaperfiveminutes’drive③of如：amapoftheworld世界地图aringofgold金戒指ofs如：teachersoffice老师办公室childrensbook儿童读物二、代词：一).人称代词：I通称如：IoftengoshoppingonSundays.(星期天我常去购物)AretheyfromBrazil?(他们是巴西人吗?)That’sit.It’she!(是他!)如：WhoteachesyouEnglishthisyear?(今年谁教你们的英语?)Helpme!(Weoftenwriteletterstoher.(我们常给他写信)3thanas格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：–It’sI/me.(是我。)BothheandIareworkingatthatcomputercompany.(我和他都在–Whowillgothere?(Youandme.(你和我)4、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距如：--What’stheweatherliketoday?(今日天气怎样?)—It’sfine.(天气晴好)/--What’sthetime?(–It’s12：00.(12It’salongwaytogo.(那可要走好长的路)/Ittookhimthreedaystocleanhishouse.Itisveryclearthatthepublicwanttoknowwhenthesemencangointospace.(很明显,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空)Wefounditverydifficulttolearnaforeignlanguagewell.(我们发觉二).物主代词：hisheritshishersitsIsthatyourumbrella?(那是你的伞吗?)/IoftengotoseemyauntonSundays.如：ThisisyourcupbutwhereismineYourclassroomisverybig,butoursisrathersmall.(你们教室很大,我3、“of+名词性物主代词”称为双重全部格,作定语时放在名词的后面。Afriendofminecametoseemeyesterday.(我的一个挚友昨天来看我了)(指若干挚友中有一个。)[试比较]Myfriendcametoseemeyesterday.(我的挚友昨天来看我三).反身代词：单数复数如：Don’tplaywiththeknife,youmighthurtyourself.(不要玩刀子,如：Thestoryitselfisgood.Onlyhedidn’ttellitwell.(故事本身是好四).不定代词：常见的有some，any，all，none，both，eithereithereach，other，another，much，many，few，little，one等五).指示代词：1、指示代词既可以单独运用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修如：What’sthis?(Thatmodelplaneismadeofplastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句)Remembernevertodosuchthings.(记得恒久不要做这样的事情)DothesameastheteachertellsyouWhoisitIt’sme如：Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.(计算机是个了不得的独创)Thewaterintheglassisverycold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)集体名词(如family,classteam,group,rowpoliceschool如：ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.如：ClassThreehaveamapofChinaChinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表如：ThereisasheepintheyardTherearesomesheepintheyard.maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：Thenewsisveryexciting.(这个消息令人兴奋)glasses,shoes,sockstrousers,gloves复数。ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.(裤子很便宜,我alotof后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不行数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：Alotofstudentsareplayingbaseballnow.(现在有很多学生在打垒球)Alotoftimewaswastedonthatwork.(大量的时间花在了那个工作and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一如：Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果)Fishandchipsisveryfamousfood.(鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)therebe句型中be如：Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom.(房间里有一张桌子和both…andBothyouandIarerequiredtobeheretomorrow.(你和我明天要求withwithAwomanwitha7-year-oldchildwasstandingatthesideoftheroad.(一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采纳如：Eitheryouorheisright.(要么是你对,要么是他对/你和他有一个人是NeitheryounorIamgoingthere.(如：Twomonthsisnotashorttime.(两个月不是个短时间)Twothousandkilometersisquitealongdistance(距离).(两千千米是相三、数词：11234567891010→one(a)thousand,10100→tenthousand,101000→onehundredthousand,1010000→onemillion,10100000→tenmillion,101000000→onehundredmillion,108→onehundredandeight,146→onehundredandforty-500→fivehundred,1011→onethousandandone,thousandeighthundredandthirteen.百位与十位之间要加and;十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看,每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousandmillion,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。hundred、thousand、million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上面可以加上some,many,several等词。如：fivehundred(五百),hundredsof(成百上千的),tenthousand(一万),thousandsof(成千上万的),millions(1)th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,1010th→onethousandth,1010000th→one703→these