2021-2022年山西省忻州市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）

2021-2022年山西省忻州市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Trustisamatterof______ratherthanoftechnique.

2.

WhentheMissionstarteditwason______.

3.

Neverisonesupposedtodoexteriorpaintingwhen,thetemperatureisbelow50degreesF.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Thethirdattitudetowardstestsiswhollypositivebecauseitistheattitudeof______.

5.

Mosttsunamisaretriggeredbyearthquakesbeneaththeseaandonlyafewbyearthquakesalongcoastlines.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Ajournalistsucceedsmoreeasilythanastockbroker.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Accordingtorecentresearch,______and______arenotinterdependent.

8.

FromtheinformationgiveninPara.2,thecombinedpopulationoftheU.S.andCanadais______.

9.

Thepassagemanlyrefutesthewrongideasabouttheeconomicinteractionbetweenrichandpoorcountries.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Amongthealternativeenergysources,______,andcoalarethecheapestformstoday.

11.

Herlastexperimentprovedthataneffectivewayoftakingadvantageofthepowerofluckis______.

12.

Manyfishesareabletoaltertheircolorationonlytocamouflagethemselves.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Emery'sfather,whovoyagedwithother26people,knewalotaboutpainting,butnothingaboutsailing.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Thesystemblockscallswhen______.

15.

Duringthedualcirculationperiod,thepublicboughtthecommoditieswithnationalcurrencyandgotthechangein______________________.

16.

Acouplemaygetdivorcediftheycantestifythattheirrelationshiphasbrokendownirreparably.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.Painsanti.Gains

Pains

TheIraqWarisdraggingintoitsfourthyear.WhilepeaceremainsuncertaininIraq,opinionpollsintheUnitedStateshaveshownthatsupportforthewarisfallingdown.However,U.S.PresidentGeorgeW.Bushhasoutwardlyexpressedhisconfidenceonmorethanoneoccasion."I'moptimisticwe'llsucceed.Ifnot,I'dpullourtroopsout,"hesaidatarecentpressconference.

WhenheorderedtroopsintoIraqonMarch20,2003,GeorgeW.Bushprobablywouldnothaveimaginedthatthecountrywouldbeplungedintosuchachaoticsituationthreeyearslater.

Despiteitsvictoriousoffensives,U.S.forceshavenotbeenabletoclearanti-U.S.resistance,whichineffecthasseenadrasticrestorationrecently.AlthoughtheU.S.dominateddemocraticprocesshaslargelybeencompleted,andWashingtoncontinuestoincreaseeconomicassistance,Iraqhasmadelittleprogressinitsreconstruction,leavingIraqipeoplewithseverewaterandpowershortages.Inparticular,eversincethebombingofafamousShiiteshrine(什叶派教徒的圣地)onFebruary22,thefeudbetweentheSunnis(逊尼派教徒)andtheShiites,Iraq'stwomajorreligioussects,hasdegeneratedtotheedgeofacompletelossofcontrol.

Atpresent,theUnitedStatescanneithercomeupwithaquickanswertotheIraqproblem,norriditselfoftheheavyburdeneasily.Behindthe"Iraqsyndrome"arethehugecostsonthepartoftheUnitedStates:over2,300troopskilledand$200250billionspent.

Gains

Asamatteroffact,theUnitedStateshasreapedremarkablebenefitsfromthewarinspiteofitsvastcosts.

GeopoliticalPriority

ThegeopoliticalsituationhasbeenmademorefavorabletotheUnitedStates.OneoftheunderlyingreasonswhytheUnitedStatesseeksatransformationofIraqistosmashArabnationalismsoastokeepafirmgriponArabcountries.Iftheiradvantagesinpopulation,naturalresourcesandgeographicpositionareintegratedandtheyspeakwithonevoice,letaloneestablishaunifiedArabcountry,the22-nationArabworldwillbecapableofresistinginterventionbybigpowers.UnitymeanspowerandprovidesthebestscreenagainsttheinterferenceofWesternsuperpowers.Arabnationalism,championedbyformerEgyptianPremierGamalAbdelNasser,wasatitsheightinthe1950sto1960s.In1956,NassersuccessfullydefendedthemilitaryaggressionwagedbyBritain,FranceandIsrael.IntheFourthMiddleEastWar,ortheYomKippurWarin1973,theArabcountrieseffectivelyprotectedtheirdignityandinterestsbyusingtheoilweapon.AlthoughArabnationalismgraduallydeclinedafterthat,withconflictsemergingamongthevariousnations,thebasisforpoliticalintegrationstillexists.FortheUnitedStates,theArabworldis,ofcourse,toolarge.

IraqisatthecoreoftheArabworld.ItsformerleaderSaddamHusseinhadbeengoingoutofhiswaytoreviveArabnationalismbytakingadvantageoftheanti-U.S.sentimentspopularintheMiddleEast,somethinginauspiciousforWashington.ItisforthesereasonsthattheUnitedStatessetaboutchangingthenatureofIraqthroughtheIraqWar,thepost-wardemocratictransformation,andespeciallysupportingtheKurds(库尔德人).InthenewIraqiConstitution,thecountryisnolongerlabeledan"Arabcountry".

TheUnitedStateshasthereforesucceededinbreakingtheArabworldfromwithin,preventingtherevivalofArabnationalismandgettingridofthebiggestthreatforittocontroltheoilandstrategiczonesintheMiddleEast.Inthemeantime,asIraqisturnedintoadependent,proU.S.(支持美国的)country,theUnitedStateswillbeabletoestablishanewstrategicbaseintheheartoftheMiddleEast.Acurvelink

A.YB.NC.NG

18.ScientistsWorryMachinesMayOutsmartMan

Arobotthatcanopendoorsandfindelectricaloutletstorechargeitself.Computervirusesthatnoonecanstop."Predator"fighters,which,thoughstillcontrolledremotelybyhumans,comeclosetoamachinethatcankillautonomously.

Impressedandalarmedbyadvancesinartificialintelligence,agroupofcomputerscientistsisdebatingwhetherthereshouldbelimitsonresearchthatmightleadtolossofhumancontrolovercomputer-basedsystemsthatcarryagrowingshareofsociety'sworkload,fromwagingwartochattingwithcustomersonthephone.

Theirconcernisthatfurtheradvancescouldcreateprofoundsocialdisruptionsandevenhavedangerousconsequences.

Asexamples,thescientistspointedtoanumberoftechnologiesasdiverseasexperimentalmedicalsystemsthatinteractwithpatientstosimulatesympathy,andcomputerwormsandvirusesthatdefyextermination(消灭)andcouldthusbesaidtohavereacheda"cockroach"stageofmachineintelligence.

WhilethecomputerscientistsagreedthatwearealongwayfromHal,thecomputerthattookoverthespaceshipin"2001:ASpaceOdyssey,"theysaidtherewaslegitimateconcernthattechnologicalprogresswouldtransform.theworkforcebydestroyingawideningrangeofjobs,aswellasforcehumanstolearntolivewithmachinesthatincreasinglycopyhumanbehaviors.

Theresearchers—leadingcomputerscientists,artificialintelligenceresearchersandroboticistswhometattheAsilomarConferenceGroundsonMontereyBayinCalifornia—generallydismissedthepossibilityofhighlycentralizedsuperintelligencesandtheideathatintelligencemightspringspontaneouslyfromtheInternet.Buttheyagreedthatrobotsthatcankillautonomouslyareeitheralreadyhereorwillbesoon.

Theyfocusedparticularattentiononthespecterthatcriminalscouldexploitartificialintelligencesystemsassoonastheyweredeveloped.Whatcouldacriminaldowithaspeechsynthesissystemthatcoulddisguiseasahumanbeing?Whathappensifartificialintelligencetechnologyisusedtominepersonalinformationfromsmartphones?

Theresearchersalsodiscussedpossiblethreatstohumanjobs,likeself-drivingcars,softwarebasedpersonalassistantsandservicerobotsinthehome.Justlastmonth,aservicerobotdevelopedbyWillowGarageinSiliconValleyproveditcouldnavigatetherealworld.

Areportfromtheconference,whichtookplaceinprivateonFeb.25,istobeissuedlaterthisyear.Someattendeesdiscussedthemeetingforthefirsttimewithotherscientiststhismonthandininterviews.

TheconferencewasorganizedbytheAssociationfortheAdvancementofArtificialIntelligence(A.A.A.I.),andinchoosingAsilomarforthediscussions,thegrouppurposefullyevokedalandmarkevent(里程碑式事件)inthehistoryofscience.In1975,theworld'sleadingbiologistsalsometatAsilomartodiscussthenewabilitytoreshapelifebyswappinggeneticmaterialamongorganisms.Concernedaboutpossiblebiohazardsandethicalquestions,scientistshadhaltedcertainexperiments.TheconferenceledtoguidelinesforrecombinantDNAresearch,enablingexperimentationtocontinue.

ThemeetingonthefutureofartificialintelligencewasorganizedbyEricHorvitz,aMicrosoftresearcherwhoisnowpresidentoftheassociation.

Dr.Horvitzsaidhebelievedcomputerscientistsmustrespondtothenotionsofsuperintelligentmachinesandartificialintelligencesystemsrunamok(横行).

Theideaofan"intelligenceexplosion"inwhichsmartmachineswoulddesignevenmoreintelligentmachineswasproposedbythemathematicianI.J.Goodin1965.Later,inlecturesandsciencefictionnovels,thecomputerscientistVernorVingepopularizedthenotionof

A.robotsforciviluse

B.militarycomputers

C.artificialintelligence

D.biochemicalweapons

19.

Asshownbyresearch,astablemarriagedoesnotnecessarilymeana(n)______marriage.

20.

Itisprovedthatinfluenzavirusescomefromthevirusesin______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(25)

A.Afuelthatburnscleanly.

B.Anoiladditivethathelpscoolengines.

C.Amaterialfromwhichfiltersaremade.

D.Aninsulatingmaterialsprayedonengineparts.

22.(28)

A.Checkoutthelatestpricereductiononline.

B.Lookroundforitemsinthephysicalstores.

C.Ordertheproductsfromtheonlinestores.

D.Waitinqueueoutsidethestoresovernight.

23.

【B10】

24.听力原文：M:Thesesilverearringsareonlysixteendollarsthisweek.Thegoldonesaretwenty-tour．

W:I'lltakethesilverones,then;oronsecondthoughts,givemethegoldones.Ihaveagoldnecklacethatwouldlookverynicewiththem.

Q:Whatdidthewomandecidetobuy?

(17)

A.Shedecidedtobuyagoldnecklace.

B.Shedecidedtobuyapairofgoldearrings.

C.Shedecidedtobuyapairofgoldearringsandnecklace.

D.Shedecidestobuyapairofsilverearrings.

25.(42)

26.听力原文：M:Thebellwillringintwominutes,butI'dliketogetsomethingtodrinkbeforethelecturebegins.

W:Shallwetakeourseatsnow?Youcangetsomelater.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthattheyshoulddo?

(16)

A.Waitforthelecturetobegin.

B.Goimmediatelytotheirseats.

C.Getsomethingtodrinkfirst.

D.Sitdownandenjoythelecture.

27.听力原文：W:Goodmorning.ThisisMsReedinMr.Farnsworth'soffice.I'dliketoconfirmaflightforMr.Farnsworth.It'sflight420toSydneyonApril17that3:20p.m.ThenameisRogerFarnsworth.

M:Certainly,MsReed.Holdonasecond.That'scorrect.Youreservediton10th,didn'tyou?

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(16)

A.MsReedisgoingtoSydneyonApril17th.

B.Mr.FarnsworthisgoingtoSydneyonflight430.

C.Theflightleavesat3:20p.m.

D.Theyaretalkingattheticketoffice.

28.听力原文：W：Schoolwillstartsoon．I'mstilllookingforaroomtorent．Canyouhelpme?

M：HowabouttryingSmith's?Theyusuallyhavethedetailedinformation，andyoumaychoose．

Q：Wherewillthewomanprobablygo?

(17)

A.Totheschool.

B.Toherclassmate.

C.Toanaccommodationagency.

D.Toabank.

29.(40)

30.听力原文：M:Excusememadam.Wouldyoumindlettingmetakealookinyourbag?

W:Ibegyourpardon?

M:I'dliketolookintoyourbag,ifyoudon'tmind.

W:Whoareyoutoinsist?Iadviseyoutotakeoff,beforeIcallapoliceman.

M:Iamapoliceman,madam.Here'smyidentitycard.

W:What?Oh...well...andjustwhatrightdoesthatgiveyoutogoaroundlookingintopeople'sbugs?

M:Nonewhatsoever,unlessIhavereasontobelievethatthere'ssomethinginthebagsbelongingtosomeoneelse.

W:Whatdoyoumeanbelongingtosomeoneelse?

M:Well,perhaps,thingsthathaven'tbeenpaidfor?

W:Areyoutalkingaboutstolengoods?

M:Exactly,butifthecitizensarehonesttheywouldn'tmind,wouldthey?

W:Stoppingpeopleinthestreetanddemandingtoseewhatintheirbags!

M:I'msorry.I'mtryingtodomyjobaspolitelyaspossible.However,ImustinsistonBeingwhatyouhaveinyoubag.

W:Andwhat,precisely,doyouexpecttofindinthere?

M:Thankyoumadam.

W:Netatall.

M:Mm.Sixteenlipsticks?

W:Yes,nothingunusualinthatIliketochangetheeaterwithmymood.

M:Iseeyousmokealot.Fifteencigarettelighters!

W:Yes,Ianratheraheavysmoker.

M:NowareyougoingtocomealongquietlyoramIgoingtohavetocallforhelp?

W:Butthisisunfair!

(20)

A.Abusinessmaninastore.

B.Awanderinthestreet.

C.Amateurdetective.

D.Amanwithplainclothes.

31.

【B8】

32.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Don'tyouthinkit'smarvelousthatMaryhaswonthefirstprizeoftheEnglishSpeechContest?

M:shedeservesit.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(12)

A.Maryisworthyoftheprize.

B.Maryhasgrantedtheprize.

C.Maryfailsinthespeechcontest.

D.Themandoesn'tthinkMarydeservestheprize.

33.听力原文：Afableisashortstorywhichisnottrue.Itisastorythatteachesusalesson.Wecallthelessonasmoral.Fablesareoftenaboutanimals,liketheoneaboutthehareandthetortoise.Haveyoureadthatfable?Whichonehaveyourread?Theyarenotalwaysaboutanimals,However.HereisaChinesefable.

AfishermancalledAhChongoncewentfishing,heloweredalineintothewater,onwhichtherewerehooks.Heintendedtocomeback'latertocollectthefishbutthelinebegantofeelveryheavysohehauleditintotheboat.Tohisastonishment,agoldchainwasonthehook.Hehauledthechainintotheboatbutmoreandmorechainappeared.Soonthebottomoftheboatwascoveredbytheglitteringlinksofchain."Ishallbewealthy.Ishallhavejewels,silkclothesandhundrredsofservants,"hethought.Hewentonpullinginthechainanddidnotnoticethattheboatwassinkingundertheweightofthegoldchain.Finally,thatboatsanktothebottomofthesea.

(30)

A.Afableisashort,truestorythatteachesusalesson.

B.Afableisashort,untruestoryaboutanimals.

C.Afableisashort,untruestorywithamoral.

D.Afableisashortlessonaboutanimals.

34.听力原文：W:Isn'titunbelievableaboutMary'smathematicscholarship?

M:It'sincredibleWho'dhavethoughtshe'dhaveachanceinanationwidecompetition!

Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutMary?

(13)

A.Thereisachanceshewillturndownthescholarship.

B.Heissurprisedthatshewonthescholarship.

C.It'snottruethatshereceivedascholarship.

D.Shewascertaintowinthescholarship.

35.听力原文：W:WhenIgoonadiet,Ieatonlyfruit,andthattakesoffweightquickly.

M:IprefertoeatwhateverIwant,andthenrunregularlytoloseweight.

Q:Howdoesthemancontrolhisweight?

(19)

A.Bygoingonadiet.

B.Bydoingphysicalexercise.

C.Byhavingfewermeals.

D.Byeatingfruitandvegetables.

36.听力原文：M:Lucy,couldyoudescribewhatyouweredoingatthemoment?

W:Well,Iwasstillsleepingat6o'clock.Thentherewasthishorriblesoundandthefloorwasjustbouncingandrollinglikewaves,allatthesametime.

Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

(13)

A.Asnowstorm.

B.Anearthquake,

C.Atrafficaccident.

D.Ahurricane.

37.

【B9】

38.【B7】

39.(15)

A.It'slessexpensive.

B.It'smorecomfortable.

C.It'sfaster.

D.It'smoredirect.

40.听力原文：W:Hi,Kevin.YourroommatetoldmethatIcouldfindyouattheTV.Whatareyoudoinghere?

M:WhatdoesitlooklikeIamdoing?

W:Well,itlookslikeyouarewatchingtelevision.(23)Butwehaveamathmid-termtomorrow,soIthoughtyou'dbestudyingforitandmaybeIcanstudywithyou.

M:(24)Oh,well,Iwasjusttakingabreak.ThismathstuffgivesmeaheadacheifIworkonittoolong.YouknowIdon'treallylikeit.

W:Iknowwhatyoumean.I'vebeenworkingonitforthreehoursthroughitalready.I'mbeginningtogetacross.Iwastryingtofigureoutmineofthesampleproblems.Ijustdon'tgetsomeofthem.

M:ButIcan'tbelieveyouarecomingtome.ImeanyoudoknowwhatIgotonthelasttest,don'tyou?

W:Yeah,Iknow.Youtoldme.Ijustthoughttwoheadsmightbebetterthanone.

M:Yeah,that'saniceidea.But...youknow,IwishIknewthatpersoninourclasswhogotahundredonthelasttest.Shedidn'tmissaquestion.Umm...wasitElizabeth?

W:Ohyeah,Elizabeth!Sheisafriendofmine.She'dbeabighelprightnow.Whydon'tIgiveheracall?

M:(25)What!Atthishour?It'salreadytenthirty.Idon'twanttoimposeonher.

W:Yeah,Iguessyouareright.Butyouknowwhat;sheowesmeabigfavor.Let'satleastgiveheracallandseewhatshesays.Maybegoingoversomeoftheproblemswithuswouldhelpherreviewthematerial.

M:It'sworthatry.

(20)

A.Aclasspresentationthey'repreparing.

B.Atelevisionprogramthemaniswatching.

C.Visitingaclosefriendoftheirs.

D.Studyingforatest.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinacrowdedelevator,aFrenchmancouldmakenoparticulareffortto_____.

42.

WhatdoesMarshallthinkparentsshoulddowiththechildren'sspendinghabit?

A.Theyshouldrefusetopayfortheirlavishspending.

B.Theyshouldrestrainthechildren'sspendingwithinlimits.

C.Theyshouldberesponsibleforprovidingforthechildren.

D.Theyshoulddrawupabudgetplan:forthechildren.

43.Emotionsaredefinedasstrong,relativelyuncontrolledfeelingsthataffectourbehavior.Everyoneexperiencesawiderangeofemotions.Thinkforamomentaboutarecentemotionalexperience.Whatcharacterizedthisexperience?Allemotionalexperiencestendtohaveseveralelementsincommon.

Emotionsaregenerallytriggeredbyenvironmentalevents.Anger,joyandsadnessaremostfrequentlyaresponsetoasetofexternalevents.However,internalprocesses,suchasimagery,canalsoinitiateemotionalreactions.

Allemotions,assubjectivelyexperiencedandidentified,appeartobeassociatedwithphysiologicalchanges.Theemotionslabeledas"joy","fear"and"anger"occurinconjunctionwithverysimilarphysiologicalpatterns.Currentthinkingleanstowardsacceptingtheprimacy(首位，至高无上)ofphysiologicalchanges,whicharetheninterpretedbasedonenvironmentaloccurrences.Forexample,asuddenfallingsensationwillinitiatephysiologicalchanges.Thesechangeswouldbeinterpretedonthebasisofthesituationinwhichtheyoccur:exhilarationorexcitementofbungeejumping;fearoffallingfromaledge(岩脊).

Anothercharacteristicfeatureofanemotionalexperienceiscognitivethought.Emotionsgenerally,althoughnotnecessarily,areaccompaniedbythinking.Thetypesofthoughtsandourabilitytothink"rationally"varywiththetypeanddegreeofemotion.Extremeemotionalresponsesarefrequentlyusedasanexplanationforinappropriatethoughtsoractions:"IwassomadIcouldn'tthinkstraight."

Emotionsalsohaveassociatedbehaviors.Whilethebehaviorsvarybetweenindividualsandwithinindividualsacrossdifferenttimesandsituations,thereareuniquebehaviorscharacteristicallyassociatedwithdifferentemotions:feartriggersfleeingresponses,angertriggersstrikingout,grieftriggerscrying,andsoon.

Finally,andmostimportantly,emotionsinvolvesubjectivefeelings.Infact,itisthefeelingcomponent(组成部分)thatisgenerallyreferredtowhenemotionsarementioned.Grief,joy,anger,jealousyandfearfeelverydifferentfromoneanother.Thesesubjectivelydeterminedfeelingsaretheessenceofemotion.

Whileallindividualsgenerallyevaluateemotionsinaconsistentmannerandwithinindividualsovertime,therearesomeindividualandsituationalvariations.Forexample,fewpeoplegenerallywanttobesadorafraid,yetwealloccasionallyenjoyamovieorabookthatscaresorsaddensus—orevensomeofthefrighteningridesatthemeparks!

Ifasked,wecoulddoubtlessnamenumerousemotions.Agroupof20orsopeoplecangenerallynameordescribeseveralhundredemotions.Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatresearchershaveattemptedtocategorizeortypeemotionsintomoremanageableclusters.Plutchiklistseightbasicemotionalcategories:fear;anger;joy;sadness;acceptance;disgust;expectancy;surprise.

AccordingtoPlutchik,allotheremotionsaresecondaryemotionsandrepresentcombinationsofthesebasiccategories.Forexample,delightisacombinationofsurpriseandjoy,andcontemptiscomposedofdisgustandanger.

Whataretheelementsthatproducehumanemotions?

A.Somestronguncontrolledforceswhichtriggeremotions.

B.Internalprocessessuchasillnesses,happiness,anger,etc.

C.Externalhappeningssuchasdeaths,divorce,promotions,etc.

D.Externalenvironmentaleventsaswellasinternalmentalprocesses.

44.

Whichofthefollowingstatementswin.theauthorsupport?

A.Everybodycangetrichwithsomefinancialassets.

B.Thecreditriskfortreasurybondsisextremelyhigh.

C.It'snousetryingtoknowtheadvantagesofstocks,bendsandcash.

D.Everybodyshouldrealizetheimportanceofdistributionoftheirfinancialassets.

45.

Whenyouenterthebookshoptofindabook,youwill______.

A.becomecompletelyabsorbedinthebookswithoutrealizingwhereyouare

B.becomecompletelylostwithoutanyknowledgeofyourwhereabouts

C.becomecompletelyunconsciousinthebookshop

D.loseanysenseofdirectionastowhereyouare

46.【S6】

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulatedintoparent-hoodbytheirparents,whothinkthathappinessamongolderpeopledependsonhavingagrand-childtospoil.Weneedanorganizationtohelpbeatdownthepersistentcampaignsofgrand-childlessparents.It'stimetoestablishPlannedGrandparenthood,whichwouldhavemanyglobalandlocalbenefits.

Partofitsmissionwouldbetopromotetherisksandrealitiesassociatedwithbeingagrandparent.Thestaffwouldincludedepressedgrandparentswhowouldexplainhowgrandkidsbreaklamps,bite,screamandkick.Otherswoulddetailhowanhourofbaby-sittingoftenturnsintoacryingmarathon.Moregrandparentswouldtestifythattheyhadtopayfortheirgrandchild'sexpensivecollegeeducation.

PlannedGrandparenthood'scarefullywrittenliteraturewoulddetailallthejoysofgrandchild-freelife:acalmlivingroom,extramoneyforluxuriesduringthegoldenyears,etc.Potentialgrandparentswouldberemindedthat,withoutgrandchildrenaround,it'spossibletohaveaconversationwithyourkids,who--incidentally--wouldhavemoretimefortheirownparents.

Meanwhile,mostchildrenarevulnerabletotheenormousinfluenceexertedbygrand-childlessparentsaimingtopersuadetheirkidstoproducechildren.Theywilltakeacallfromapersistentparent,evenifthey'reloadedwithworks.Inaddition,someparentsmakehandsomemoneyofferspayableuponthegrandchild'sbirth.Sometimesthesegiftsnotonlycoverexpensesassociatedwiththeinfant'sbirth,butextras,too,likeavacation.Inanyease,cashgiftscanweakentheresolveofeventhenoblestperson.

AtPlannedGrandparenthood,childrentargetedbytheirparentstoreproducecouldobtainnon-biasedinformationabouttheinsanityofhavingtheirownkids.Thecatastrophicpsychologicalandeconomiccostsofchildbearingwouldbeemphasized.Thesymptomsofmorningsicknesswouldbelistedandhorrorsofchildbirthpictured.Amonthlynewsletterwouldcontainstoriesaboutoverwhelmedparentsandofferguidanceonhowchildlessadultscanrespondtothedifferentlobbyingtacticsthatwould-begrandparentsemploy.

WhenIthinkaboutalltheproblemsofouroverpopulatedworldandlookatourboygrabbingatthelampbythesofa,IwishIcouldhaveturnedtoPlannedGrandparenthoodwhenmyparentswereputtingthegrandchildsqueezeonme.

IfIcouldhave,Imightnotbeinthisparenthoodpredicament(窘境).Buthere'sthecrazyirony,Idon'twantmychild-freelifeback.Dylan'stoomuchfun.

WhatisthepurposeofestablishingPlannedGrandparenthood?

48.

What'stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

A.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

49.

.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause______.

A.mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhard

D.theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

50.Tostrengthenmoralinstruction,parentsshouldfixintotheirchildren'smindasenseof______.

51.Basically,therearethreetypesoffatigue:physical,pathological(由疾病引起的),andpsychological.Asyoumightsuspect,eachdifferssignificantlyfromtheothers.

Whenyouexerciseyourbodyyouproducewasteproducts.Muscles,forexample,discardlacticacid(乳酸)intotheblood;cellsdumpincarbondioxide,Whenthesewastesreachacertainlevelintheblood,thebrainisnotifiedandyouractivityleveldrops.Excesswastesinthemusclesmayproducesoreness.Ifthebloodofaphysicallyfatiguedanimalisinjectedintoarestedanimal,itwillproducefatigue.Thesolutiontothistypeoffatigueissimple—rest.Thatshouldreviveyou;ifitdoesn't,anothercauseshouldbesought.

Haveyoueverbecomeinvolvedinsomanyactivitiesthatyouhadtobeintwoplacesatonce?Thisiswhathappenswhenyourbodyhasadisease.Thecellsareovertaxedandcannotkeepupwithbothfightingthediseaseandkeepingyouactive.Theresultisfatigue.Somecomm