大二下课件营养学单选题

1:WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongwiththea.lignin（木质素）b.cellulose（纤维素）c.glycogen（糖原）d.pectin（果胶）Exin:Allofthesearecomplexcarbohydrates,butglycogenisproducedbyanimalsourcesandistheonlyoneofthesethatisdigestiblebyhumans.2:Whichofthefollowingismostcommonlyoxidizedfora.fructose（果糖）b.glucose c.galactose（半乳糖）d.sucrose（蔗糖）Exin:Somecells,suchassperm,preferfructose.3:WhichofthefollowingisNOTutilizedfora.glucose b.glycogen（糖原）c.ribose（核糖）dgalactose（半乳糖）Exin:Glucoseisthemainenergymetabolite4:Whichtissuecannotstoreglycogenorlipidsfora.nervousb.skeletalmusclec.liverd.Exin:Nervoustissue,especiallyinthebrain,cannotstorecarbohydratesandmustreceiveaconstantsupplyofglucose.5:WhichofthefollowingisNOTaproteinderivative（衍生物a.collagen（胶原蛋白）b.keratin（角蛋白c.hemoglobin（血红蛋白） Exin:Collagenisaprotein.6:Nutritionaledemawilldevelopin teinb.carbohydratec.lipidd.Exin:Nutritionaledemareferstotheincreaseintissuefluidsduetothelowerbloodosmoticpressure（渗透压）causedbybloodproteindeficienciesproteinsareactiveosmoticmoleculeswhichremainwithincapillaries（毛细血管）.7:Whichfoodwouldyield（产生）thegreatestnumberofa.10gram b.10gram c.10gram d.15gramExin:Theoretically,fatsyield9.5caloriespergramwhilecarbohydratesandproteinseachyield4.1caloriesineachgram;10gramsofcheesewouldhavethegreatestamountoffatcalories.8:CoenzymesIandII aspartoftheira.folic b. c.niacin（烟酸）d.Exin:NiacinispartofNAD,coenzymeIornicotinamideadeninedinucleotide,andNADP,orcoenzymeII.9:Whichoftheseresultsfromniacin（烟酸 Exin:Pellagra（糙皮病）isadeficiencyresultinginskin,digestiveandneurological10:Pyridoxine（吡哆醇）isachemicalnamefor a. b. c. d.11:Acetylcoenzyme（乙酰辅酶）A inits b.folicacid（叶酸 d.pantothenicacid（泛酸Exin:Pantothenicacid（泛酸）isabsoluyessentialbecauseitispartofacetyl-coenzyme-AwhichentersthecitricacidorKreb'scycle（柠檬酸循环）.12:Perniciousanemia（恶性贫血）willdevelopintheabsenceofintrinsicfactor（内因子）or a. b.folic c. d.Exin:vitaminB12isessentialfortheproductionofredbloodcells;itsabsorptionisfacilitatedbygastricintrinsicfactor.13:ChoosethecarbohydratethatisNOTamonosaccharide（单糖）absorbedfromthedigestivea.fructose（果糖）b.maltose（麦芽糖）c.galactose（半乳糖）d.glucoseExin:Incorrect:Maltose（麦芽糖）isadisaccharide（双糖）.14:Whichcellsofthebody,undernormalcircumstances,musthaveenergyintheformofglucoseinordertosurvive?a.skin b.muscle c.neurons（神经细胞）dcellsofthe15:TheAmericanHeartAssociation mendsthatdietaryfatshouldconstitutenomorethanofdailycaloricintake.a. b. c. d.Exin:DailyinputoffatsshouldNOTexceed30%oftotal16:WhichoftheseisNOToneofthewaysthebodyusesdietarya.tohelpregulateosmoticbalanceofthe b.asanenergyc.forbuildingandrepairingtissue Exin:Incorrect:tosynthesizebileisnotauseforprotein.17:Inordertopreventproteinlosses,anadultmustconsumeatleast a. b. c. d.Exin:Estimatesarearound100-125gmsofcarbohydratesarerequireddailytopreventproteinbreakdown;amountsover300areprobablyexcessiveandcan econvertedtofats.18:Whichofthefollowingismostlikelyusedfor.（磷脂）isneverburntfor19:Whichofthefollowingcanbesynthesizedbythe b.linoleicacid（亚油酸c.arachidonicacid（花生四烯酸）d.linolenicacid（亚麻酸Exin:Certainfattyacidssuchaslinoleicacid（亚油酸）cannotbesynthesizedintheliverandarecalledessentialbecausetheymustbedinthediet;theliverysanactiverolein20:Adietthat %fatisconsidereda. b.over c.under d.Exin:TheAmericanHeartAssociation mendslessthan30%fattoreducetheriskofcoronarydisease,alongwithapreferenceofunsaturatedoversaturatedfats.21:There essentialaminoacidsthatmustbeincludedinthedietofaa. b. c. d.Exin:Thereare8essentialadultaminoacidsrequiredforadults,and10forchildren;thereare20aminoacidsthatareusedtobuildhumanproteins.22:WhichofthefollowingisNOTanessentialadultamino c.isoleucine（异亮氨酸） Exin:Incorrect:alanineisnotessential. areadditionalaminoacidsthatmustbeprovidedto Exin:Therearetwoadditionalaminoacidsthatmustbedtogrowingchildrenbecausetheirlivershavenotyetattainedthecapabilitytomanufacturethemondemandarginine（精氨酸）andhistidine（组氨酸）.24:Whichofthefollowingisasource pletea. b.corn（玉米 d.Exin:Milkandfishareexcellentsourcesofcompleteproteins;foodssuchascornpletebecausethezein（玉米蛋白）inthemlackstryptophan（色氨酸）andlysine（25:Whichofthesefunctionsistheleastimportantfor ebloodosmotic（渗透 b.converttoc.utilizationfor ponentofExin:Bloodalbuminandotherproteinsarecriticalinmaintainingosmotic26:Thedesirableweightfora26-year-oldfemalewhois1.52meterandhasamediumframeis a. b. c. d.Exin:Cisthebest sareconsideredobeseiftheirweight overthedesireda.50 b. c. d.Exin:Thecriterionforobesityisover20%inexcessofdesiredweight;overweighthasthecriteriaof10-20%overtheweight.28:Whichofthefollowingisawater-solublea.A b.B c.D d.E 29:WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTcontainvitamina.carrots（胡萝卜）b. c. d.retinolfoundinvegetablesand

30:Whichofthefollowingisderivedfromvitamina.rhodopsin（视紫红质）b.beta-carotene c.bilesalts（胆盐）d.cholesterol（胆固醇）Exin:VitaminAisconvertedintocompoundsnecessaryforvisionsuchastheretinolpigmentrhodopsinorvisualpurple.31:WhichofthesefactorscausesvitaminAa. b. c. d.alkali（碱Exin:VitaminAisrelativelystableundervaryingpHchangesandfoodpreparationbutisunstableundersunlightandoxidizingconditions.32:Whatisthemostactive（最有活性）formofvitamina.dihydroxycholecalciferol（二羟维生素 c.hydroxycholecalciferol（25-羟维生素 Exin:VitaminDisderivedfromcholecalciferol（维生素D3）inthedietwhichisconvertedthroughaseriesofreactionsintothisactiveform.33:Whichisthebestsourceofvitamina.naturalcow’s b.enriched c.fortified d.Exin:Tofortify(强化)meanstoaddanutrient;enrichedmeanstopartiallyreceanutrientlostinprocessing;andsteroidsareonlyanimalcompounds.34:VitaminDdeficiencycouldresultin a.vision b.bonegrowth c.skindevelopment d.neurologicfunctionsExin:SincevitaminDisneededtoallowcalciummobilization（动员）,themostobviousdiseasemightberickets（佝偻病）orsoft,deformedbones.35:Whichoftheseisapotent（强有力的）anti-oxidizinga.vitamin b.vitamin d.vitaminExin:ThemostactiveformofvitaminEisalphatocopherolwhichcanpreventtheoxidationofcompoundssuchasvitaminA.36:Themostimportantvitaminwhichpromotesnormalbloodclottingis a. b.B c. d.Exin:VitaminKisneededtosynthesizetheprothrombin（凝血酶原）bytheliver,neededforbloodclotting.37:ArichsourceofvitaminK b. c. d.Exin:Leafy（多叶的）greenvegetablesarethebestsourcesofvitamin38:WhichofthefollowingisNOTaBcomplex b.riboflavin（核c.cyanocobalamin（钴胺素 Exin:Incorrect:Phylloquinone（）isvitamin39:Whichofthefollowingismosttheimportantvitaminforcarbohydratea.vitaminC b.vitaminA plexvitamins Exin:Themostsignificantenzymeco-factorsthatarerequiredforoxidationandenergyproductionarefoundintheBvitamins.40:Alcoholicsareparticularlysusceptibletodevelop a.vitamin b.vitaminc.thiamin（硫氨酸，维生素B1） d.riboflavin（核，维生素B2）Exin:Sincethiaminisneededtooxidizealcohol,alcoholicsrequiremorethantheaverageamountsofthiamin.41:VitaminCisnecessaryforthesynthesis aci（,inskin,boneandothertissues.42:此题不考：Themostabundant（丰富）mineralsinthebodyarecalcium a.magnesium（镁）b.sodium（钠）c.phosphate（磷）d.chloride（氯）Exin:Becauseoftheirpresenceinboneandothertissues,calciumphosphate（磷酸钙）saltscompriseabout75%ofthemineralsinthebody.43:此题不考：Methionine（蛋氨酸）andcysteine（半胱氨酸）areuniqueaminoacidsbecausetheycontaintheelement a.nitrogen（氮）b. c.sulfur（硫）d.Exin:AllaminoacidscontainC,H,O,andNbutonlytwoalsocontainsulfur,methionineand44:Whichion（离子）ismostimportantinoxygena.iron（铁 b. c. d.iodine（碘pigmenttooxygen.

45:WhichofthesecarbohydratesisNOTagoodsourceofenergyfora.beet（甜菜）sugar b.molasses（糖浆）c.cellulose（纤维素）d.fruitsExin:HumansdoNOTpossessthecorrectenzymestobreakdowncellulose.46:Thebasalmetabolicrate(BMR)measurestherateofenergyexpenditure.a.adieteris b. isc.the isnglightofficework d.thebodyisawakebutrestingExin:TheBMRistheamountofenergyrequiredtokeeptheawakebodyalive.47:Whichvitaminisfat-solubleandhascarotene（胡萝卜素）asitsprecursor（前体a.vitaminA b.vitaminB6 c.vitaminD Exin:Betacarotene（胡萝卜素）isaprecursortovitaminA.48:Intrinsicfactor（内因子）isnecessaryfortheabsorptionofwhicha.vitamin b.vitamin c.vitamin d.folicExin:WithoutintrinsicfactoradeficiencyinvitaminB12leadstopernicousanemia（恶性贫49:Neuraltubedefects（神经管缺陷）areeasilypreventedbytheadequateintakeofbythepregnantmother.a.biotin（生物素） b.folacin（叶酸）c.pantothenicacid（泛酸） Exin:Incorrect:Folacin,orfolicacid,isnecessaryforproperneuraldevelopment.50:Thetrace（微量）element isnecessaryforwoundhealing,andadeficiencyofitresultsindepressedimmunity.a.iron b.copper（铜） c.cobalt（钴） Exin:Leukocytes（白细胞）needzinctoproperlyfunction.51:Whichtermwouldbeusedtodescribethesynthesisofacellular c.anabolism（合成代谢） Exin:Incorrect:A