2022-2023年江苏省常州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022-2023年江苏省常州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Accordingtoageneraldefinition,amaturetreewouldbeatleast______.

2.

ByusingtheInductrack,thetrainwillslowdownandfinallyreston______whenthepowerisoff.

3.

Intuningsystem,theFederalCommunicationsCommissionhaddistributedpartsof______spectrumto12televisionchannelswhichwerebrokenintotwogroupstoavoidinterferencewithexistingservicesatthebeginning.

4.

______receivessatellitetelevisionsignalanddecodesitfortheTVscreen.

A.Thesatellitedish

B.Theprovider

C.Thereceiver

D.Theviewer

5.

YoucangetevacuationdetailsthroughthewaysprovidedbythewebsiteofLasVegasthoughitdoesn'tdisclosethedetailsdueto______.

6.

Thehydrogencanbegeneratedfrom__________________orproducedbyreformingfossilfuels.

7.Do'sandTaboos:CulturalAspectsofInternationalBusiness

—ByM.KatherineGlover

Understandingandheedingculturalvariablesisoneofthemostsignificantaspectsofbeingsuccessfulinanyinternationalbusinessendeavor.Alackoffamiliaritywiththebusinesspractices,socialcustoms,andetiquetteofacountrycanweakenacompany'spositioninthemarket,preventitfromaccomplishingitsobjectives,andultimatelyleadtofailure.

Asbusinesshasbecomeincreasinglyinternationalandcommunicationstechnologycontinuestodevelop,theneedforclearlyunderstoodcommunicationbetweenmembersofdifferentculturesisevenmorecrucial.

Growingcompetitionforinternationalmarketsisanotherreasonthatcompaniesmustconsiderculturaldistinctions.AsSecretaryofCommerceRobertMosbacherindicated,"Americancompanieshavetorelyonallavailabletacticsforwinningintheglobalmarketplacetoday.Learninginternationalbusinessdiplomacyshouldbethefirststeptheytake."

Customsvarywidelyfromonecountrytoanother.Somethingwithonemeaninginoneareamaymeantheoppositesomewhereelse.Someoftheculturaldistinctionsthatfirmsmostoftenfaceincludedifferencesinbusinessstyles,attitudestowardsdevelopmentofbusinessrelationships,attitudestowardspunctuality,negotiatingstyles,gift-givingcustoms,greetings,significanceofgestures,meaningsofcolorsandnumbers,andcustomsregardingtitles.

Americanfirmsmustpaycloseattentiontodifferentstylesofdoingbusinessandthedegreeofimportanceplacedondevelopingbusinessrelationships.Insomecountries,businesspeoplehaveaverydirectstyle,whileinotherstheyaremuchmoresubtleinstyle.ManynationalitiesvaluethepersonalrelationshipmorethanmostAmericansdoinbusiness.Inthesecountries,long-termrelationshipsbasedontrustarenecessaryfordoingbusiness.ManyU.S.firmsmakethemistakeofrushingintobusinessdiscussionsand"comingontoostrong"insteadofnurturingtherelationshipfirst.AccordingtoRogerAxtellinhisbookDo'sandTaboosofHostingInternationalVisitors,"Thereismuchmoretobusinessthanjustbusinessinmanypartsoftheworld.Socializing,friendships,etiquette,grace,andpatienceareintegralpartsofbusiness.Jumpingrightintobusinessdiscussionsbeforeaget-acquaintedinterludecanbeabadmistake."

CharlesFord,CommercialAttach6inGuatemala,citesthisculturaldistinctionasthegreatestdifferencebetweentheAmericanandGuatemalanstylesofdoingbusiness.TheinexperiencedAmericanvisitor,heclaims,oftentriestoforceabusinessrelationship.Theabrupt"alwayswatchingtheclock"style.rarelyworksinGuatemala.Abetterinformedbusinessexecutivewould,headvises,engageinsmalltalkaboutGuatemala,indicateaninterestinthefamiliesofhisorherbusinessassociates,jointhemforlunchordinner,andgenerallyallowtimeforapersonalrelationshiptodevelop.SolidbusinessopportunitiesusuallyfollowastrongpersonalrelationshipinGuatemala.ThisholdstrueforLatinAmericaingeneral;

BuildingapersonalrapportisalsoimportantwhendoingbusinessinGreece,accordingtoSondraSnowdon,PresidentofSnowdon'sInternationalProtocol,Inc.,afirmthattrainsandpreparesexecutivesincross-culturalcommunications.Businessentertainingisusuallydoneintheeveningatalocaltaverna(咖啡厅),andspousesareoftenincluded.Therelaxedatmosphereisimportanttobuildingabusinessrelationshipbasedonfriendship.

Belgians,however,aretheopposite,Snowdonsays.Theyarelikelytogetdowntobusinessrightawayandareusual

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

VulnerabilitiesofBluetoothlike"bluejacking"are______inthedevelopmentoftechnology.

9.

Scientistshaveexertedgreateffortstosearchotherplanetsforanylifeforms.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

In1935,______ofHarlem'sfamilieswereunemployed.

11.WhatadvantagesdidEICgetfromtheTeaAct?

A.EICdidn'thavetopaytaxesfortheteaithad.

B.OnlyEICcouldsellteatotheAmericancolonies.

C.EICfinallywonthetrustoftheBritishgovernment.

D.EICgotahugeamountofteafromtheAmericancolonies.

12.Asthebandwidthincreasedto550MHz,thenumberofTVchannelsincreasedby______comparedwiththeearlycablesystems.

A.24B.33C.58D.91

13.

Theoxidationofthedecayeddeadalgalbodiescan't______.

A.lowertheamountofoxygeninthefiverwater

B.makethewatertastebadly

C.makethewaterunsuitableforhumanconsumption

D.makethebacteriadead

14.Somepeoplehavetheage-olddesiretoputthejokeonothers.

15.

Wemustderivehydrogenfrom__________________withaviewtoapurehydrogen,economy.

16.

InwhatwayisDancingRabbitEcovillageradicalinitsdevelopment?

A.It'sthefirstecovillagetoestablishthecommunitywebsite.

B.Thevillagewantstobeindependentbycirculatingitsowncurrency.

C.ThevillageallowsasmoreasI000residentstolivethere.

D.Thevillagetendstobeself-reliantbycreatingallitneeds.

17.

Thesealevelriseismainlycausedby______triggeredbyuncheckedgreenhousegasemissions.

18.

IfAmericansaren'tcompetitiveinscience,theycannotsurvivetheseverecompetitionbetweendevelopedcountries.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

theUnitedStatesforever.

20.

MonsieurLabelandhiswifesendtheirchildrentolearnChinesebecausetheyhopethattheirchildrencanlearnasmanyforeignlanguagesaspossible.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.【B11】

22.(17)

A.Hecangotothegymtohaveabath.

B.Hecanturntothegymtohavethewaterpiperepaired.

C.Hecangotothegymtoconsulttheexperts.

D.Heshouldbuyanewpipefromthegyms.

23.【B10】

24.

【B11】

25.(25)

A.Aresponsibleandindependentperson.

B.Adynamicanddiligentperson.

C.Onewithinitiativeandalotofexperience.

D.Amanwitharticulacy.

26.(34)

A.Ajoblisting.

B.Aresume.

C.Apermissionslip.

D.Theirsalaryrequirements.

27.听力原文：M:HowdidyoulikeourAmericanHistoryclassyesterday?

W:WellIdidenjoyit,butIdidn'texactlybuyeverythingBarnumsaideither.

M:Youmeanhisviewthattheearlyframersoftheconstitutionreallydidn’twantdemocracyasweknowittoday?

W:Well,"asweknowittoday"Icanaccept.Butwhenhestatesthattherewasnoaffinitytowardsdemocracyasitwasunderstandthenwell..,tomethisjustsoundslikehistoricalrevisionism.

M:Well,surelyyouhavetoadmitthattheirconceptofdemocracywasnot"democratic".Afterall,manygroupsincludingthosewithoutland,women,blacksandmanyotherswereshutoutofparticipatinginthenewsystem.

W:Yes,butwhenwelookatwhatwecalldemocracytoday,therearestillgroupsshutoutofbeingabletovoteinAmerica,suchaschildrenandconvictedpeople.Also,Ithinkitisfairtosaythatmanygroupsfinditstillverydifficulttoparticipate.Sowedon'thavecompletedemocracyeventoday.

M:Yes,butIthinkheisbasinghisargumentsonthefactualtranscriptsoftheearlyFoundingFathersrealizingthattheydidn'tliketousetheterm"democracy"andsomeevenheapedscornonit.

W:Perhapsitwasjustthatthetermhadadifferentmeaningfromthewayitisusedtoday.

M:ButIthinkitisfairtosaythatdemocracywasn'texactlyinfashion.Andperhapsitisworthwhiletodrawadistinctionbetweenlibertyanddemocracy,sincetherelationshipbetweenthetwoissomewhatblurry.

W:ButifyouaretosaythatAmericawasnotademocracyinthebeginningthenyoumightaswellsayitisnotonetodayeitherbecausethestructuresoffederalism,3branchgovernmentandchecksandbalancesarebasicallythesameasitwasover200yearsago.

M:Youhaveapointthere,mostoftheconstitutionremainsintact,anddespitethefactthatAmericaismuchclosertoatruedemocracythanitwaseven50yearsago,it'sstillafairwayfrombeingideal.

W:Rightandifyouapplythedemocracytoanidealyouwillgetnowhere.IwishBarnumwaslls~ningtousrightnow.

M:Well,here'syourchancetochallengehimrightnow.Iseehimcomingourway.

W:Areyoujoking?IstillneedtogetadecentmarkinthiscourseandI'mnotdoingitbymakinghimangry.

(23)

A.Shelovedit.

B.Shedisagreedwithtoomuchofittoenjoy.

C.Shethoughtitwasjustso.

D.ShelikedtheclassbutdisagreedwiththeProfessor.

28.(32)

A.ToshowthattwinshaveidenticalIQs.

B.Toshowthattwins'IQsareindependentoftheeducationtheyreceive.

C.Toshowhowcriticalhumanbrainsareindeterminingone'sintelligence.

D.Toshowhowvitalenvironmentisinfosteringone'sintelligence.

29.听力原文：F:Mywatchstoppedagain.AndIjustgotanewbattery.

M:Whydon'tyoutakeittotheshoponcampus?Theycancheckitforyou.Andthey'reprettyreasonable.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(16)

A.Hesuggeststhewomantohaveherwatchrefunded.

B.Hesuggeststhewomantobuyanewbatteryintheshoponcampus.

C.Hebelievestheshoponcampussellswatchesatareasonableprice.

D.Hesuggeststhewomantohaveherwatchcheckedintheshop.

30.(13)

A.Shewouldn'tminddoingitifshecould.

B.Shewishedshehadn'thadthemeeting.

C.Shedidn'twanttobecauseshewouldrathergotoChicago.

D.wouldbeabletohavethemeeting.

31.听力原文：M:Isn'titrathercoldoutside,Sally?

W:Itisabit,butIcan'tstandtheterriblesmokeinside.I'dratherstayhereifyoudon'tmind.

Q:Whydoesthewomanwanttostayoutside?

(13)

A.Shefeelsveryhotintheroom.

B.Shewantstoavoidmeetingpeople.

C.Shewantstosmokeacigaretteoutside.

D.Shedoesn'tlikethesmellofsmokeinside.

32.

【B5】

33.(47)

34.听力原文：DuringWorldWarII,GreatBritainandtheUnitedStatestriedtodealwiththeproblemofaninternationalagreementonmoney.Thetwocountriestriedtosetupaformalsystemwhicheveryonewouldusetoexchangemoneybetweencountries.ThesystemtheysetupisusuallycalledtheBrettonWoodsSystem.ThesystemgotthisnamefromthetowninNewHampshireintheUnitedStateswheretheinternationalagreementwassigned.TheBrettonWoodsagreementwassignedin1944.Whenitwassigned,itseemedtobeagoodsystem.

TheBrettonWoodsagreementhadtwomainparts.Thefirstpartconcernedexchangerates.Allofthecountriesthatsignedtheagreementpromisedtoregulatetheirexchangerates.Thecountriespromisednottochangetheirexchangeratestoooften.Thiswasaveryimportantpartoftheagreement.Ithelpedtostabilizetheinternationalfinancesystem.ThesecondpartoftheBrettonWoodsagreementconcernedacurrencyfund.Thefundwassupposedtohelpcountriesthatneededcurrency.Allthecountriescontributedsomeoftheircurrencytothefund.Theycouldborrowthenecessarycurrencyfromthefund.Thishelpedallofthemembercountriestodobusinesswitheachother.ThissecondpartoftheagreementwascalledtheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF).

(29)

A.Fromtheplacewheretheagreementwassigned.

B.Fromthepeoplewhosignedtheagreement.

C.Fromthesignificanceittriedtofindintheinternationalfinancesystem.

D.Noneoftheabove.

35.(29)

A.Ashortperiodoffairweatherandmilddays.

B.Nodefinitetimeofbeginningorending.

C.Itsendsignalswinter'sstart.

D.Softyellowororangeskies.

36.

【B9】

37.听力原文：Theword"okay"isknownandusedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.Still,languageexpertsdonotagreeonwhereitcamefrom.SomesayitcamefromIndianpeople.WhenEuropeansfirstcametoAmerica,theyheardhundredsofdifferentIndianlanguages.Manywerewelldeveloped.Onetribeespeciallyhadawelldevelopedlanguage.TheywerefarmersandfishermenwholivedintherichMississippivalleyinwhatisnowthestateofAlabama.Whenproblemsarose,theheadersofthistribediscussedthemwiththetribalchief.Theysatinacircleandlistenedtothewisdomofthechief.Heheardthedifferentproposalsoftenraisingandloweringhisheadinagreement,andsaying,"okeh,"meaning,"allisso".TheIndianlanguageshavegivenmanywordstoEnglish.ManyAmericanstateshaveIndiannames,andsodorivers,streams,mountains,citiesandtowns.

(30)

A.AmericanIndian.

B.Britishpeople.

C.Europeans.

D.Africanpeople.

38.听力原文：M:Thefacultyalreadyknowsthatattendingtheseminarsisarequirementforcompletingtheprogram.WhydoIneedtosignforit?

W:Itjustworksthatway.Theyjustwanttomakesurenothingisofftrack.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(19)

A.Themanforgottosignfortheseminar.

B.Thesigningisjustareassurance.

C.Theseminarwasactuallycancelled.

D.Thewomanlikestheseminarverymuch.

39.听力原文：M:Howdoyouandyourhousemateslikethenewco-op?I'mthinkingofjoiningitmyself.

W:Welikeitquiteabit.Wegetsomeveryfreshproduceandbulkstaplesoffairprices,butitcertainlyhasn'tsavedustime.

M:Then,what'sfor?

W:Well,theco-opdoesn'tcarryeverything,suchascleaningsupplies,battery,thatsortofthing.Iwishtheco-opsoldthoseitems.

M:Whatdomembershavetodo?Justpayamembershipfee?

W:Yeah,there'safeeandameeting,buttheattendanceisn'trequired.Butwedohavetoworkthereforanhoureveryweek,whichisn'ttoobad.

M:Iwouldn'tmindworkingtheresometime.Yougettolearnabouttheproducts.Butisthefoodfreeofadditives?ThatwouldbethemainreasonIjoin.I'maconvert(皈依者)fromjunkfood.

W:Well,alotoffoodispureandpesticide-free.Theyalsohavevitaminsupplements,andsoyandtofu,andthatkindofthing.

M:I'dliketotryjustforamonthorso.Dotheyhavetrialmembership?

W:Theirshortestmembershiptimeisonemonth.Thenifyoulikeit,youcanjoinforlongerperiodsanditbecomescheaper.

M:Couldyougivemesomedetailsaboutthelongerperiodsofmembership?

W:Oh,Ican'tremembertheexactregulations,butasix-monthmembershipcostsalmostasmuchasfiveindividualmonths.

M:Soundsprettyeasy.MaybethenexttimeImnintoyou,itwillbeinthecheckoutlineattheco-op.

W:Yeah,ifyouareinterestedinit,justjoinit!

M:Iwill.Thanksalot.

W:Notatall.

(23)

A.Membershipinaco-op.

B.Thebenefitsofhealthfood.

C.Shoppinginthesupermarket.

D.Thecurrentcostoffood.

40.

【B8】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Afewyearsagoitwasfashionabletospeakofagenerationgap,adivisionbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirelders.Parentscomplainedthatchildrendidnotshowthemproperrespectand(47)______,whilechildrencomplainedthattheirparentsdidnotunderstandthematall.Whathadgonewrong?Whyhadthegenerationgapsuddenlyappeared?Actually,thegenerationgaphasbeenaroundforalongtime.Manycriticsarguethatitisbuiltintothe(48)______ofoursociety.

Oneimportantcauseofthegenerationgapistheopportunitythatyoungpeoplehavetochoosetheirown(49)______Inmoretraditionalsocieties,whenchildrengrowup,theyareexpectedtoliveinthesameareaastheirparents,tomarrypeoplethattheirparentsknowand(50)of,andoftentocontinuethefamily(51)______.Inoursociety,youngpeopleoftentravelgreatdistancesfortheireducations,moveoutofthefamilyhomeatanearlyage,marryorlivewithpeoplewhomtheirparentshavenevermet,andchooseoccupationsdifferentfromthoseoftheirparents.

Inourupwardly(52)______society,parentsoftenexpecttheirchildrentodobetterthantheydid:tofindbetterjobs,tomakemoremoney,andtodoallthethingsthattheywereunabletodo.Often,how-ever,the(53)______thatparentshavefortheirchildrenareanothercauseofthe(54)______betweenthem.Often,theydiscoverthattheyhaveverylittleincommonwitheachother.

Finally,thespeedatwhichchangestakeplaceinoursocietyisanothercauseofthe(55)______betweenthegenerations.Inatraditionalculture,elderlypeoplearevaluedfortheir(56)______,butinoursocietytheknowledgeofalifetimemaybecomeobsoleteovernight.

WordBank:

A)gapI)ambitions

B)mobileJ)fabric

C)reapK)approve

D)justificationL)predominant

E)divisionM)occupation

F)equalityN)dreadful

G)wisdomO)life-styles

H)obedience

42.

Beatlesareplanningtosellitsmusic______.

A.throughiTunesandRhapsody

B.throughanIntemetstorebuiltbyMicrosoft

C.throughastorewithinthestore

D.throughtheirownInternetstores

43.

Themainideaofthepassageisthatyoushould______.

A.overcometheseriousdiseases

B.copewithstresswithcommonsense

C.learnhowtocopewithstressandliveinthebestway

D.havetheresponseofthebodytoanydemand

44.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thecurseofjetlaghasstruckmostinternationaltravelersatonetimeoranother--andanyoneluckyenoughtohaveavoideditwillsurelyhavesufferedtheequallyunpleasantsleep-deprivationinvolvedinanearly-morningstart.Nor,asshiftworkersknowtoo,isitpossibletoescapebygoingtobedearlierthepreviousevening,andthusputtingsleepinthebank.Sleepinessiscontrolledbythebody'sinternalbiologicalclock,soanearlierbedtimejustmeansseveralwakefulhoursstaringinfrustrationatadarkenedceiling.

Foryears,sometravelersandshiftworkershaveswornbymelatonin(褪黑素).Thisisahormonethatregulatesthebiologicalclock.Itismadeinthebrainbyastructurecalledthepinealgland(松果体),asdarknesssetsinaftersunset.Lightistheonethatkeepsthebiologicalclockinsamepacewithsolartime.Theclockthentellsthebrainwhentogotosleep.Thetheoryofthosewhousemelatoninisthatanexternaldoseofitcanresettheclock,andthuscausethe"gotosleep"signaltobesentatamoreconvenientmoment.Melatonincanalsoincreasesleepinessduringtheday,whenthepinealglandisnotproducingit.

Thishasresultedinagrowing,andoftenunregulated,marketinmelatonin-supplementtablets.Thepharmaceuticalindustry'sresponsetothisseemstobe:"Ifyoucan'tbeatthem,jointhem."Apaperinthisweek'sLancet,byShanthaRajaratnamoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolandhiscolleagues,reportstwotrials,fundedbydrugcompanies,oftasimelteon,asubstancethatbindstothesamereceptorsinthebrainasmelatonindoes,andwhichitisexpectedwillhaveasimilareffect.

Inthecourseofthesetrials,morethan400peoplehadtheirbedtimesbroughtforwardbyfivehoursincontrolledconditions.Halfanhourbeforelightsout,aquarterofthemweregivencommondrug,whiletheremainingthree-quartersweregivenvaryingdosesoftasimelteon.Dr.Rajaratnamandhiscolleaguesreportthatthenewdrugletpeoplefallasleepfasterattheunnaturallyearlytime,andalsoallowedthemtosleeplongerthanthosegiventhecommonone.

Ifaninternationaltravelerescapesfromsufferingjetlag,hewillcertainlyundergo______.

45.

AccordingtotheauthorCUNYenterintoitsgoldenerainthelastcenturyby______.

A.learningfromCambridgeorPaloAlto

B.restrictingthenumberofJewishstudents

C.recruitingthebrightchildrenofpoorJewishimmigrants

D.admittingmoreminoritystudents

46.WhowillhavetherighttoaskforflexibleworkinghoursaftertheUKprogramislaunched?

A.Parentswithadultdisabledkids.

B.Parentswithchildrenyoungerthan16.

C.Parentswithhealthykidsunder18.

D.Parentswithchildrenolderthan6.

47.

Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe______.

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflowwageworkers

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglowwageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

48.【S2】

49.

Accordingtothepassage,GeorgeFrank______.

A.agreeswiththecommentsmadebyMichaelTenet

B.consentsthatglobalizationis'favorabletoeconomy

C.believesthatthereductionofpricesisduetothecompetition

D.thinkstheinstabilityiscausedbytheeconomicliberalization

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Ahandfulofcash-richcompaniesareconsolidatingpowerinthetechnologyindustry,usingtheirwealthtoexpandintonewbusinessesandmakingitharderforsmallandmidsizecompetitorstobreakthrough.Whytheindustryisevolvingthiswayisrootedinbalancesheets.Overthepasttwoyears,AppleInc.,OracleCorp.,GoogleInc.,MicrosoftCorp.andsixotherlargetechcompanieshavegenerated$68.5billioninnewcash,comparedwithjust$13.5billionfortheother65techcompaniesintheS&P500Indexcombined,accordingtoaWallStreetJournalanalysisofdataprovidedbyCapitalIQ.

Therichfewarefundinginvestmentsatatimewhenmanyothershaveretrenched.Overthepastyear,Oraclepaid$7.4billiontogetintothehardwarebusinessbyacquiringSunMicrosystems,andDellInc.boughtPerotSystemstoaddtechnologyservices.CiscoSystemsInc.spentmorethan$7billiontoacquiresixcompanies.Google,meanwhile,hastappeditssavingstofundmovesintocomputeroperatingsystemsandmobilephones.Microsofthasfinanceditsmoney-losingquesttotakeonGoogleinsearchwithitscash.AndApplehasuseditsreservestodeveloptheiPadandtakeaimatGooglerecentlybyacquiringamobile-advertisingcompany.Becauseoftheirmassivecashaccumulation,thesecompaniescanaffordtotakerisksthatsmallercompaniescan'tatatimewhentheeconomyremainsfragile.Theresultisabifurcated(一分为二的)techlandscape,saysErikBrynjolfsson,aprofessorattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology'sSloanSchoolofManagement.

Therepercussionsfromthecashdiscrepancyarebeingfeltthroughouttheindustry.Somemidsizetechcompaniesaregivinguptryingtocompetewiththeirlargerrivals.Othersaregearinguptomaketheirownacquisitionssoasnottobeleftbehind.Forexample,online-softwaremakerSalesforce.cornInc.nearlydoubleditscashreservesinJanuarybytakingon$575millionindebtthatitsaysitwilluseinpartforfutureexpansionandacquisitions.Othermidsizetechcompanies,suchasCienaCorp.,haverecentlyscoopedupsmallerrivalstobulkup.

Fromtheendof2007totheendof2009,the10richesttechcompaniesincreasedtheircashlevelsby48%to$210billion.Theother65techcompanieslistedintheS&P500uppedtheircashonly13%inthesameperiod,to$118billion.Theupshot:Thegapbetweenthegroupsstoodatarecord.Thegapwouldbeevenlarger,exceptanaccountingchangecausedAppletodesignateabout$10billionofitsholdingsaslong-terminvestments.

Intechnologyindustry,cash-richcompaniestendtogetbiggerandleavelittleroomforsmallandmidsizecompetitorstodevelopdueto______.

51.

AccordingtoProfPrentice,whatarethereasonsforthechangeinourshape?

A.Weeattoomuchandrefusetodophysicalexercises.

B.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandtechnologydevelopsfast.

C.High-energyfoodsarethemaindietandweusetechnology.

D.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandweconsumelessenergy.

52.

BillKeaggy'sstudyingongrocerylistssuggeststhat______.

A.DanQuayleisnotaloneinmisspelling

B.fewerpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelscorrectly

C.misspellingoccursmostfrequentlyinwriting"potato"

D.somepeoplemisspell"sushi"for"suchi",and"shrimp"for"strimp"

53.(58)

54.Theword"laser"wascoinedasanacronymforLightAmplificationbytheStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Ordinarylight,fromtheSunofalightbulb,isemittedspontaneously,whenatomsormoleculesgetridofexcessenergybythemselves,withoutanyoutsideintervention.Stimulatedemissionisdifferentbecauseitoccurswhenanatomofmoleculesholdingontoexcessenergyhasbeenstimulatedtoemititaslight.

AlbertEinsteinwasthefirsttosuggesttheexistenceofstimulatedemissioninapaperpublishedin1917.However,formanyyearsphysiciststhoughtthatatomsandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneouslyandthatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchweaker.ItwasnotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWarthatphysicistsbegantryingtomakestimulatedemissiondominate.Theysoughtwaysbywhichoneatomormoleculecouldstimulatemanyotherstoemitlight,amplifyingittomuchhigherpowers.

ThefirsttosucceedwasCharlesH.Townes,thenatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.Insteadofworkingwithlight,however,heworkedwithmicrowaves,whichhaveamuchlongerwavelength,andbuiltadevicehecalleda"maser",forMicrowaveAmplificationbytheStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Althoughhethoughtofthekey