2023中考语法讲解与练习14-主谓一致

2023中考语法讲解与练习14——主谓一致英语语法是英语的重要部分，在中考的选择题、语法填空、改错、造句以及作文都会涉及，本套练习从既有讲解又有练习，是复习的好资料，提分的好助手。语法讲解：一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tomisagoodstudent.汤姆是个好学生。Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.这本书20美元太贵了。3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、主谓一致常考题型1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。ThedeskisTom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。Somewaterisinthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2.manya+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.许多学生到过上海。3.morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：Twomonthsisalongholiday.两个月是一个长假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英镑并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。Fiveminusfourisone.5减4等于1。5.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。6.oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一个半小时足够了。7.动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Toseeistobelieve眼见为实。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。8.a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓语动词用单数。Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。9.当主语部分含有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+aswellas+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。Thestudentsaswellastheteacherwerepresentatthemeeting.10.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)11.people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。Peoplehereareveryfriendly.这儿的人很友好。Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。12.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，Iseveryoneheretoday.今天大家到齐了吗？Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有毛病。Nobodywasin.没有人在家。13.each,either,neither,another,theother作主语，谓语动词用单数。EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neitheransweriscorrect.两个答案都不正确。14.以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等，Nonewsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我们班数学很受欢迎。15.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。EithermywifeorIamgoing.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisreadytoleave.如果either,each,neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Eachofushashislikesanddislikes.Neitherofthebooksisveryinteresting.16.如果主语是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。Aseriesofpre-recordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.但avarietyof,anumberof+名词复数，动词要用复数形式;.而thenumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Onexhibitionthereareagreatvarietyofconsumergoods.Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthoundred17．以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.18.the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。三．肯定与否定一致下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。We'vehadsome(money).→Wehaven'thadany(money).Iwastalkingtosomeone.→Iwasn'ttalkingtoanyone.Theysometimesvisitus.→Theyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.Hehasarrivedalready.→Hehasn'tarrivedyet.Liiscomingtoo.→Liisn'tcomingeither.Bothofusaregoing.→Neitherofusaregoing.Helikesbothofthem.→Hedoesn'tlikeeitherofthem.注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。MywifelikeclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.Shedoesn'tlikejazzandneitherdoI.练习：1、NextSaturdaythere________goingto________aflowershowintheparkwhichwevisitedlastmonth.A．is;beB．is;haveC．was;beD．was;have2、—What'sonthedesk?—There________adictionaryandsomeflowers.Theflowersareverybeautiful.A．areB．isC．wasD．were3、There________adogandsomecatsinthepicture.A．areB．isC．willD．do4、—WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesepeopleinChina?—Idon'tthinkso.Now________theyoung________theoldarelearningtospeakEnglish.A．neither;norB．either;orC．only;exceptD．notonly;butalso5、Notonlyyoubutalsoeveryonehere________watchingfootballmatches.A．likesB．likeC．islike6、Mr.Smith,togetherwithhiswife,___________comingsoon.A.areB.isC.wereD.does7、Twomonths____alongtime.Wecanvisitourgrandparentsduringthevacation.A.amB.isC.are8、EveryoneinEnglandChristmas.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.willenjoyD.enjoys9、TheticketsofthefilmZootopiaarehardtoget.Thefilmmakesbothadultsandchildren____.A.becomingpositiveB.becomepositiveC.tobecomepositive10、NeithermywifenorImyself_______abletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.am11、NotonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentsenjoyingthefilmatthatmomentA.areB.isC.wereD.was12、Theteachersaidthattheearth______________aroundthesun.A.wentB.goesC.willgoD.going13、Ourteachertoldusinclasstheeartharoundthesun.A.travelingB.totravelC.travelsD.traveled14、Jimoften______tothelibraryonweekends.Helikesreadingbooks.A.willgoB.isgoingC.goesD.went15、ThesupermarketisfarfromMary’shouse.Soshe_______onlyonceaweek.A.goesshoppingB.hasbeenthereC.wasshoppingD.hasgonethere16、-Whoisthatlady?-She’sMissGreen.Sheusmusic,andsheissogood.A.taughtB.teachesC.willteachD.isteaching17、BothyouandI___wrong.A.wasB.amC.wereD.is18、Ilikethatmusic,butthelyrics________goodenough.A.aren'tB.areC.isn'tD.is19、NotonlytheybutalsoI____interestedinfootball.Messiismyfavouritestar.A.beB.amC.isD.are20、Hislegsareverylongandthey___________underthedesk.A.notfitB.don’tfitC.aren’tfitD.doesn’tfit21、There______fresherairandgreenertrees.A.areB.isC.was22、Threeyears________alongtimetobecutofffromcontactwithyourfriends.A.areB.wereC.isD.be23、Agroupofboysandgirls________dancinginthepark.A．isB．areC．beD．did24、

“Ithinkneitherthisbooknorthatonemine.”hesaid.A.areB.isC.wereD.was25、NobodyexceptTomandMary________intheclassroom.Theotherstudentsarewatchingthebasketballgameontheplaygroundnow.A．amB．isC．areD．was26、________myfather________mymotherisbusyatwork,soIhavetolookaftermyself.A．Both;andB．Neither;norC．Notonly;butalsoD．Either;or27、—Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?—Icanseeafarm.Andthere________manyanimalsonit.A．hasB．isC．haveD．are28、Manyastudent________thatmistakebefore.A．hadmadeB．hasbeenmadeC．havemadeD．hasmade29、Sixmonths________toolongforachildlivingalone.A．areB．isC．waitD．waits30、Noonewhocanplaywell________herenow.Eitherofyou________thechancetowin.A．is;hasB．is;haveC．are;hasD．are;have31、Thepolice________thatthecriminal________ontherun.A．report;isB．report;areC．reports;isD．reports;are32、Thesingerandactor________awonderfulperformance.A．giveB．givesC．isD．are33、Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.A．isnotdecidedB．arenotdecidedC．hasnotbeendecidedD．havenotbeendecided34、There_______twofootballmatchesinthegym（体育场）nextweek．A．willbegoingtoB．willhaveC．isgoingtobeD．aregoingtobe35、Everyoneinourclass_____．A．enjoystoswimB．enjoytoswimC．enjoysswimmingD．enjoyswimming36、Therestofthestudents_____notallowedtoleavetheclassroomatthattime.A.areB.isC.wasD.were37、---Ourschoolisbeautiful!---Itwillbemorebeautifulifmoretreesandgrass______byus.A．plantB．plantsC．isplantedD．areplanted参考答案一、选择题1、A2、B3、B4、D5、A6、B7、B8、D9、B10、D11、C12、B13、C14、C15、A16、B17、C18、A19、B20、B21、B22、C23、B24、B25、B26、C27、D28、D29、B30、A31、A32、B33、C34、D35、C36、D37、D2023年中考资料介绍英语部分中考词汇辨析122组2.中学英语词组大全3.初中必背的英语重点词组句型4.中考英语词组必考必备5.中考英语各种题型的解题技巧6.2023中考英语阅读天天练系列—