2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷（含答案解析）

第1页/共1页2022学年第二学期奉贤区高三英语练习卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Twiceaday.B.Thirtyminutesaday.C.Twiceaweek.D.Thirtyminutesaweek.2.A.Inthebookstore.B.Inthezoo.C.Inthemuseum.D.Inthelibrary.3.A.Fortyyuan.B.Thirtyyuan.C.Thirty-fiveyuan.D.Forty-fiveyuan.4.A.Apainter.B.Atailor.C.Ahair-dresser.D.Anarchitect.5.A.Heisnotlazyatall.B.Heprefersonlineshopping.C.He’sonthewaytoaphysicalstore.D.Heconsidersshoppingofflineawasteoftime.6.A.MaybeEdwardwillbelate.B.Nobodywillbehereontime.C.Edwardwillcertainlybehereontime.D.HeisnotsureaboutEdward’sarrivaltime.7.A.Shepreferredtogotoworkonfoot.B.Shehadtosavemoneyforherjourney.C.Shedidn’tlikethecultureofthecompany.D.Shethoughtthetriptoherworktime-consuming.8.A.Thewomanshouldbuysomenewclothes.B.Thewomanshouldnotworryaboutherweight.C.Thewomanshouldlose10poundsassoonaspossible.D.Thewomanshouldgain5morepoundsforabetterlook.9.A.Themandidverywellintheexam.B.Thewomanwantstohelptheman.C.Thewomanowesthemansomemoney.D.Themanhelpedthewomanbeforetheexam.10.A.Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.B.Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.C.Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.D.Shekeepsinregulartouchwithheroldclassmates.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Providefreemealstothelocalpoor.B.Helppeopleconnectwitheachother.C.Helpeliminateclassdifferenceinhisarea.D.Providecustomerswithfirst-classservice.12.A.Itdoesnotusevolunteers.B.Itisopenaroundtheclock.C.Itdoesnotsuperviseitsemployees.DItdonatesregularlytoalocalcharity.13.A.Theywillseetheimportanceofcommunication.B.Theywillcometothecaféevenmorefrequently.C.Theywillcarelessabouttheirownbackground.D.Theywillfindtheyhavesomethingincommon.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Becausebothareenjoyable.B.Becausebothareessentialtolife.C.Becausebothwritersandcookscanearnagoodliving.D.Becausebothwritersandcookshavetoworklonghours.15.A.Becausetheyrelyonquicknotes.B.Becausetheyhaveacomputertodoit.C.Becausetheyhaveexcellentsecretaries.D.Becausetheyprefermakingphonecalls.16.A.Writingisalongprocessfullofpains.B.Practisingwritingisofgreatimportance.C.Practisingwritingisaninspirationtocooking.D.Writingsharescommonfeatureswithcooking.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Hefelldownbutwithoutseriousinjury.B.Hewasobviouslyexperiencedinskiing.C.Hewasneithergoodatskatingnorskiing.D.Hehadnoproblemstandingupwithskison.18.A.Learnadvancedskiingtechniques.B.Attendabasicskatingclassforatry.C.Takeaskiingclassforbeginners.D.Askthestaffforfurtherinformation.19.A.Walking.B.Jumping.C.Sliding.D.Turning.20.A.Starttolearnskiingfromtheman.B.Starttolearnfundamentalskiskills.C.Starttolearnhowtoskateontheice.D.Starttolearnhowtoskateontheground.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Areexclamationmarksnecessary?!Punctuationissoimportantinwritingthatitisoneofthefirstthingsyoulearninschool.Itisauniversalcodewithdifferentmarkstohelpwiththemeaningof____1____isbeingwritten.Asisknowntous,it____2____indicatetheendofasentence,aquestionor—intheexclamationmark’scase—astrongemotion.Withoutanexclamationmarkinthecorrectplace,awarningroadsignmightread,“Childrenpleasedriveslowly”____3________4____“Children!Pleasedriveslowly”.Anexclamationmarkisavalidformofpunctuation____5____origincanbetracedbacktoa14thcenturyItalianscholar.Theexclamationmarkinformsthereaderthattherearestrongfeelingsinthewords.Althoughitisuptothereader____6____(grasp)exactlywhatthatemotionis,it’sausefulsignal.Also,exclamationmarksonroadsignshelptokeeppeoplesafe.AspunctuationexpertPhilipCowellwrites,“There’sameaningfuldifferencebetween‘duck’and‘duck!’”Ofcourse,usingthemtoomuch____7____(make)exclamationmarkslosetheirpurposebutthatdoesn’tmeantheyareuseless.However,____8____mattershowpunctuationisused.Somewritersarguethatexclamationmarksarenevertrulynecessary.FamousauthorTerryPratchettwritesthatsomeonewhousesmultipleexclamationmarksislikelytowear“underpantsonhishead”.Perhapsthisisbecausetheyseemshoutyandforced,____9____(give)awayawriter’sneedtotellthereaderhowtoreadasentence.It’s_____10_____(good)toleavethemoutandletthereaderreacttothewordsontheirownterms.Agoodwritercancreateemotionswithjustwordsandsentences,_____11_____that’sfear,wonderorjoy.Exclamationmarksmakethewriterseemdesperateandcanbetiringtoread.Onewriterdescribedthemas“thecockroachofthepunctuationworld”,meaningtheyareeverywhere,andtheyarepests.【答案】1.what2.can3.rather##instead4.than##of5.whose6.tograsp7.makes8.it9.giving10.better11.whether【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要围绕感叹号是否有必要展开了讨论，最终证实了感叹号是一种有效的标点符号。【1题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这是一个带有不同标记的通用代码，有助于理解所写内容的含义。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指代“写的内容”，应用连接代词what。故填what。【2题详解】考查情态动词。句意：众所周知，感叹号可以表示一个句子的结尾，一个问题，或者——在感叹号的情况下——表示一种强烈的情感。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can表示“能够，可以”，满足句意要求。故填can。【3题详解】考查介词短语。句意：如果在正确的位置没有感叹号，警告路标可能会写“孩子们，请慢点开”而不是“孩子们！”请慢点开。”根据句意可知，此处为介词短语ratherthan或者insteadof“而不是”，满足句意要求。故填rather/instead。【4题详解】考查介词短语。句意：如果在正确的位置没有感叹号，警告路标可能会写“孩子们，请慢点开”而不是“孩子们！”请慢点开。”根据句意可知，此处为介词短语ratherthan或者insteadof“而不是”，满足句意要求。故填than/of。【5题详解】考查定语从句。句意：感叹号是一种有效的标点符号，它的起源可以追溯到14世纪的一位意大利学者。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词Anexclamationmark在从句中作origin的定语成分，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。【6题详解】考查固定句型。句意：尽管这种情绪是什么取决于读者，但它是一个有用的信号。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型It’suptosbtodosth“由某人决定去做某事”，满足句意要求。故填tograsp。【7题详解】考查动词。句意：当然，过多使用感叹号会使感叹号失去作用，但这并不意味着它们毫无用处。分析句子可知，空处为but并列句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，且主语为动名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填makes。【8题详解】考查代词。句意：然而，标点符号的使用方式很重要。分析可知，“howpunctuationisused”是句子主语，因此空处填入it作形式主语。故填it。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：也许这是因为它们看起来很吵，很勉强，暴露出作者需要告诉读者如何阅读一个句子。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，giveaway和逻辑主语this为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填giving。【10题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：最好把它们去掉，让读者自己对这些词做出反应。根据句意可知，此处为固定句型itisbettertodo“最好做某事”，满足句意要求，所以此处为形容词的比较级形式。故填better。【11题详解】考查连词。句意：一个优秀的作家可以用文字和句子创造情感，无论是恐惧、好奇还是快乐。分析句子可知，此处为连词whether...or...“无论……还是……”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填whether。SectionBDirections:FillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromtheboxEachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.manuallyB.alternativeC.approachesD.trainedE.promiseF.sortingG.categoriesH.advancedI.potentiallyJ.equivalentK.anticipatingWillAIbethefirsttodiscoverEToralienlife?FromthehillsofWestVirginiatotheflatsofruralAustralia,someoftheworld’slargesttelescopesarelisteningforsignalsfromdistantaliencivilizations.Thesearchforextraterrestrial(地球外的)intelligence,knownasSETI,isanefforttofindsignalsthatmighthavecomefroma(n)_____12_____civilizationinafar-awaysolarsystem.Machinelearning,asubsetofartificialintelligence(AI),isusedtohelpastronomersquicklyfilterthevastamountsofdata.AsAIreshapesmanyscientificfields,what_____13_____doesitholdforthesearchforlifebeyondEarth?“ItisaneweraforSETIresearchthatisopeningupthankstomachine-learningtechnology,”saysFranckMarchis,aplanetaryastronomerattheSETIInstituteinMountainView,California.Whenitcomestoanalyzingdata,goingthroughmillionsofobservations_____14_____isn’tpractical.Acommon_____15_____methodistousealgorithms(算法)thatlookforsignalsmatchingastronomers’expectation.Butthosealgorithmscanoverlook_____16_____interestingsignalsthatareslightlydifferentfromwhatastronomersareexpecting.WhenitcomestoAI,machine-learningalgorithmsare_____17_____onlargeamountsofdataandcanlearntorecognizetheEarthlyinterference.Thus,itmakesthemverygoodat_____18_____outthenoise.Machinelearningisalsogoodatpickinguptheextraterrestrialsignalsthatdon’tfallintoconventional_____19_____andsomighthavebeenmissedbyearliermethods,saysDanWerthimer,aSETIscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.PeterMa,amathematicianandphysicistattheUniversityofToronto,Canada,agrees.“Wecan’talwaysbe_____20_____whatETmightsendtous,”hesays.Still,SETIwillprobablycontinuetouseamixtureofclassicalandmachine-learning_____21_____toscreenthroughdata,saysJean-LucMargot,anastronomeratUCLA.Classicalalgorithmsremainexcellentatpickingupcandidatesignals,andmachinelearningis“notacure-all”,hesays.“Themachinescan’tdoitall,yet,”agreesWerthimer.【答案】12.H13.E14.A15.B16.I17.D18.F19.G20.K21.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就人工智能会不会第一个发现外星人或外星生命的话题展开，论述了人工智能在寻找外星生命上的研究。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：搜寻地外文明，即SETI，是一项寻找可能来自遥远太阳系的先进文明的信号的努力。结合句意表示“先进”可知应填形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。故选H。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：随着人工智能重塑许多科学领域，它对寻找地球以外的生命有什么希望？结合句意表示“希望”可知应填名词promise，作宾语，故填promise。故选E。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：在分析数据时，手动查看数百万个观测数据是不现实的。结合句意表示“手动”可知应填副词manually，修饰动词短语goingthrough。故填manually。故选A。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：一种常见的替代方法是使用算法来寻找符合天文学家预期的信号。结合句意表示“替代”可知应填形容词alternative，作定语修饰名词method。故填alternative。故选B。【16题详解】考查副词。句意：但这些算法可能会忽略一些可能有趣的信号，这些信号与天文学家预期的略有不同。结合句意表示“可能”可知应填副词potentially，修饰动词overlook，作状语。故填potentially。故选I。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：在人工智能方面，机器学习算法接受了大量数据的训练，可以学习识别地球干扰。结合句意表示“训练”可知应填动词train，与主语构成被动关系，结合are可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填trained。故选D。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：因此，这使他们非常善于分类噪音。结合句意表示“分类”可知应填动词sort，作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填sorting。故选F。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：加州大学伯克利分校的SETI科学家DanWerthimer说，机器学习还擅长捕捉不属于传统类别的外星信号，这些信号可能被早期的方法忽略了。结合句意表示“类别”以及上文没有冠词，可知应填名词categories，故填categories。故选G。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：他说：“我们不能总是期待ET可能会给我们发送什么。”结合句意表示“期待”可知应填动词anticipate，结合上文alwaysbe可知应用-ing形式，故填anticipating。故选K。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：加州大学洛杉矶分校的天文学家Jean-LucMargot说，SETI可能会继续混合使用经典和机器学习的方法来筛选数据。结合句意表示“方法”可知应填名词approach，根据上文amixtureofclassicalandmachine-learning可知为复数形式。故填approaches。故选C。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Onesummermidnightseveralyearsago,standingoutsideawoodencabininMichiganRiver,Ilookedup.Theskywasfilledwiththousandsofstars,thesightofwhichwasalmostenoughtomakeme,anon-believer,offerawordof_____22_____upintothestar-filledsky.Buttowhom?PerhapstoJohanEklof,authorofTheDarknessManifesto.Asabatscientist,Eklof’sworkonbatsrequiresaspecifickindofdarkness—the_____23_____kind,unpollutedbylight.Butthiscategoryofdarknessis_____24_____.Inthe1980s,Ekloftellsreaders,two-thirdsofthechurchesinSweden’ssouthwesthousedbatcolonies.Notanylonger.“Today,fortyyearslater,researchI’vedonewithmycolleaguesshowsthatthisnumberhasbeenreducedbyathird,_____25_____lightpollutionandotherfactors.Becausethechurchesareall_____26_____likecarnivals(嘉年华)inthenight,”hewrites.“Wearesurroundingourselveswithlight.”Excesslightisincredibly_____27_____tothecomplexeco-systemsnocturnal(夜间活动的)animalsinhabit.It_____28_____awaythebatsthatEklofstudies.Itfrightenslight-sensitivemoths,leavingthemeasily_____29_____topredation(捕食)orflyingendlesslyintolightsthatwillneverreturntheirlove.Babyturtlescrawlawayfromtheshorelinetowardthelightsofdistantcoastalcitiesandreeffisheggsgounhatched.Birdsdonotmigrate_____30_____andeventheyforgettosing.ModernadvancementssuchasLEDlightscouldsignificantlyreducesomeoftheworstimpacts,buttheyhavenot.Atleast,notyet.Itisworthmentioningthatmiddle-agedwriterlikeEklofcan______31______foradarkerworld—fordarkenedcampusesandunlitparkinglots.Butdarknessisnotsafeforeveryone.Weneedtoaddressthesocialissuesthatmakelightedplacesso______32______inthefirstplace.Thebottomline:Wecanchangeifwewantto.Someofthesolutionstolightpollution—motion-detectinglights,shieldedlightsthatdonot______33______lightupward,artificiallightwithwavelengthsthatissimilartonaturallight—arealreadywithinourgrasp,ifwejust______34______them.“Wecouldjustturnitalloff,butIguesswedon’twantto,”saidEklofinarecentinterview.“______35______,it’svitalwefindamiddleway.”Rightnowitishardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,everycitycouldbeequippedwithanarrayofprogrammedand______36______low-impactLEDlights.Orwemighthavecompletelyforgottenwhatdarknessis—theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.22.A.honour B.gratitude C.optimism D.determination23.A.artificial B.brilliant C.faint D.absolute24.A.achieved B.distracted C.enhanced D.threatened25.A.resultingfrom B.bringingabout C.judgingby D.contributingto26.A.decorated B.restored C.lit D.faded27.A.effective B.sensitive C.positive D.destructive28.A.scares B.blows C.pulls D.turns29.A.accustomed B.subject C.available D.restricted30.A.onduty B.inturn C.ontime D.inpublic31.A.stimulate B.advocate C.negotiate D.account32.A.challenging B.appealing C.demanding D.outstanding33.A.absorb B.stretch C.transform D.reflect34.A.reachfor B.applyto C.longfor D.adaptto35.A.Therefore B.Furthermore C.However D.Instead36.A.fundamentally B.scientifically C.environmentally D.economically【答案】22.B23.D24.D25.A26.C27.D28.A29.B30.C31.B32.B33.D34.A35.A36.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了光污染对鸟类以及夜间习性动物的影响，以及作者提出了可能的解决方法。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一景象几乎足以让我这个不信教的人在布满星星的天空中说出一个感恩词。A.honour荣誉；B.gratitude感恩；C.optimism乐观主义；D.determination决心。根据后文“Birdsdonotmigrate_____9_____andeventheyforgettosing.ModernadvancementssuchasLEDlightscouldsignificantlyreducesomeoftheworstimpacts,buttheyhavenot.Atleast,notyet”以及“Itisworthmentioningthatmiddle-agedwriterlikeEklofcan_____10_____foradarkerworld—fordarkenedcampusesandunlitparkinglots.”可知作者的感恩是出于对JohanEklof，也就是《黑暗宣言》的作者。故选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名蝙蝠科学家，埃克洛夫对蝙蝠的研究需要一种特殊的黑暗—纯粹的那种不受光污染的黑暗。A.artificial人工的；B.brilliant灿烂的；C.faint微弱的；D.absolute完全的。根据后文“unpollutedbylight”可知埃克洛夫的研究需要的是完全没有光污染的黑暗。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这类黑暗受到了威胁。A.achieved获得；B.distracted分心；C.enhanced增强；D.threatened威胁。根据后文“Becausethechurchesareall_____5_____likecarnivals(嘉年华)inthenight,”可知这种类型的光减少了很多，收到了威胁。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：四十年后的今天，我和同事们所做的研究表明，由于光污染和其他因素导致了这个数字已经减少了三分之一。A.resultingfrom由……引起；B.bringingabout导致；C.judgingby从……判断；D.contributingto为……作出贡献。根据后文的“Becausethechurchesareall_____5_____likecarnivals(嘉年华)inthenight”可知光污染和其他因素导致他的研究减少了。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为在晚上教堂都装饰地像嘉年华一样。A.decorated装饰；B.restored恢复；C.lit点亮；D.faded褪色。根据后文的“Wearesurroundingourselveswithlight.”可知教堂用灯光装饰了。故选C项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过量的光线对夜间活动的动物所居住的复杂生态系统具有难以置信的破坏性。A.effective有效的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.positive积极的；D.destructive破坏性的。根据后文的“It_____7_____awaythebatsthatEklofstudies.Itfrightenslight-sensitivemoths”可知过量的光线是有破坏性的。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它把埃克洛夫研究的蝙蝠吓跑了。A.scares吓到，使……害怕；B.blows打击；C.pulls拉；D.turns转动。根据前文的“Excesslightis____6_____destructivetothecomplexeco-systemsnocturnal(夜间活动的)animalsinhabit.”可知蝙蝠吓跑了。故选A项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它吓坏了对光敏感的蛾类，使它们很容易被捕食或者无休止地飞向永远不会回报他们爱的光芒。A.accustomed习惯的；B.subject可能受……影响的；C.available可用的；D.restricted受限制的。根据后文“orflyingendlesslyintolightsthatwillneverreturntheirlove”可知灯光影响了蛾类。故选B项。【30题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：鸟类不准时迁徙，甚至它们也忘了唱歌。A.onduty值班；B.inturn依次；C.ontime准时；D.inpublic当众。根据常识可知鸟儿迁徙每年几乎是同一个时间。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得一提的是，像埃克洛夫这样的中年作家支持一个更黑暗的世界—黑暗的校园和没有灯光的停车场。A.stimulate刺激；B.advocate辩护，支持；C.negotiate协商；D.account认为是，视为。根据后文“Weneedtoaddressthesocialissuesthatmakelightedplacesso_____11_____inthefirstplace.”可知克洛夫支持“黑暗世界”。故选B项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要首先解决那些使照明场所如此吸引人的社会问题。A.challenging挑战性的；B.appealing吸引人的；C.demanding要求高的；D.outstanding优秀的。根据前文“Babyturtlescrawlawayfromtheshorelinetowardthelightsofdistantcoastalcitiesandreeffisheggsgounhatched.Birdsdonotmigrate_____9_____andeventheyforgettosing.”可知这些灯光对动物和昆虫们太有吸引力。故选B项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案—运动检测灯、不向上反光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光都已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A.absorb吸收；B.stretch拉伸；C.transform变换；D.reflect反映，反射。根据后文“lightupward”可知此处指的是灯光向上反射。故选D项。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案—运动检测灯、不向上反射光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光—如果我们能找到的话，它们已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A.reachfor伸手去够；B.applyto适用于；C.longfor渴望；D.adaptto适应。根据前文“arealreadywithinourgrasp”可知此处表示在我们可掌控范围内。故选A项。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此找到一条中间道路至关重要。A.Therefore因此；B.Furthermore此外；C.However然而；D.Instead相反。根据前文“Wecouldjustturnitalloff,butIguesswedon’twantto”可知此处表示一种结果。故选A项。【36题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：50年后，每个城市都可以配备一系列程序化、环保的低冲击LED灯。A.fundamentally基本上地；B.scientifically科学地；C.environmentally环境地，环保地；D.economically经济地，实惠地。根据后文“low-impactLEDlights”可知是环保的LED灯。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)WhenIwassosmallthatmyheadbarelytouchedthewindowsill,welivedintheevergreenforestsofVermont.Ourhomewasfar,farawayfromanytownorcity,butthatwasthewaywelikedit.Somewinters,itgotsocoldthattheriverwouldfreeze,whichwasunusualforwaterlikethat,waterwhichransofastanddeep.Itfeltasthoughtimehadstoppedneartheriver,andsoithaddecidedtobecomesolid,settlingintowaitforspring.Welikedtoskateonthatriver,mygrandfatherandI,eventhoughtheicewasunevenandhisbrownleatherskateswassoold.Onenight,inthemostfrigidwintermyyoungmindcouldrecall,longafterIshouldhavebeenasleep,Icaughtmygrandfathersneakingoutofthefrontdoor,hisancientleatherskatesinhishands.Helookedsheepishwhenhesawme,likeIhadcaughthimdoingsomethingsilly,butIwassoyoungthatIthoughtnoadultcouldeverdowrong.Especiallynotmygrandfather,becausehewasthemodelofwisdominmyeyes.“Grandpa,whereareyougoing?”Iasked.“Skatingontheriver.”“Whywouldyougooutnow?Wedidthatyesterdaymorning.”Helookedalittlethoughtful,andthenhesaid:“It’sjustthatwhenyougooutthere,onthecoldest,stillestnightoftheyear,andyoulieonyourbackonthethick,bubbledriverice,youcanhearthem.”“Hearwho?”“Thefish.Trappedthereundertheice.Youcanhearthemsingingtheirwaterywintersong.Andifyouholdyourbreath,youcanalmosthearthestarssinginginharmony.”37.Theunderlinedword“sheepish”isclosestinmeaningto“____________”.A.quiet B.calm C.frightened D.embarrassed38.Whydidmygrandfathersneakoutthatcoldmidnight?A.Toenjoythecharmofapeacefulnight.B.Toperfecthisskatingskillsbypractice.C.Tocatchthefishtrappedundertheice.D.Tobreathethefreshairintheforest.39.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Itwasunusualforafast-flowingrivertofreezeinmidwinter.B.MygrandfatherandIenjoyedskatingbecauseoftheunevenice.C.Iadmiredmygrandfatherforhiswisdomandoutlookonlife.D.Iwasgladtohearthestarssingingtogetherwithmygrandfather.40.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto____________.A.describethejoyoflivinginamountainousareaB.highlighthowembracingnaturecanpurifyusC.keeprecordofthecarefreechildhoodmemoriesD.explainwhyskatingissuchanappealingsport【答案】37.D38.A39.C40.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一家住在佛蒙特州的常绿森林里，离任何城镇都很远很远，但这正是作者一家人喜欢的地方，以及作者祖父在寒冷的午夜做的事情，让作者感受到了拥抱自然可以净化人们心灵。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…likeIhadcaughthimdoingsomethingsilly,butIwassoyoungthatIthoughtnoadultcouldeverdowrong.”（就像我发现他在做什么傻事一样，但我太年轻了，我认为没有成年人会做错事。）可知，提到我发现他在做什么傻事一样，故可猜测划线单词sheepish为“窘迫的”意思，结合选项D项embarrassed“尴尬的”意思一致。故选D项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Helookedalittlethoughtful,andthenhesaid:“It’sjustthatwhenyougooutthere,onthecoldest,stillestnightoftheyear,andyoulieonyourbackonthethick,bubbledriverice,youcanhearthem.””（他看起来有点若有所思，然后他说：“只是当你在一年中最寒冷、最寂静的夜晚，躺在厚厚的、冒泡的河冰上时，你能听到他们的声音。”）以及最后一段中“Andifyouholdyourbreath,youcanalmosthearthestarssinginginharmony.””（如果你屏住呼吸，你几乎可以听到星星唱歌，这一切在这里和谐共存。”）可推知，爷爷在那个寒冷的午夜偷偷溜出去是为了享受宁静夜晚的魅力。故选A项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Especiallynotmygrandfather,becausehewasthemodelofwisdominmyeyes.”（尤其是我的祖父，因为他是我眼中智慧的典范。）以及最后一段中“Andifyouholdyourbreath,youcanalmosthearthestarssinginginharmony.””（如果你屏住呼吸，你几乎可以听到星星唱歌，这一切在这里和谐共存。”）可知，我们能从文章中推断出作者钦佩祖父的智慧和人生观。故选C项。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenIwassosmallthatmyheadbarelytouchedthewindowsill,welivedintheevergreenforestsofVermont.Ourhomewasfar,farawayfromanytownorcity,butthatwasthewaywelikedit.”（当我很小的时候，我的头几乎碰不到窗台，我们住在佛蒙特州的常绿森林里。我们的家离任何城镇都很远很远，但这正是我们喜欢的地方。）以及最后一段中“Andifyouholdyourbreath,youcanalmosthearthestarssinginginharmony.””（如果你屏住呼吸，你几乎可以听到星星唱歌，这一切在这里和谐共存。”）可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了强调拥抱自然可以净化我们。故选B项。(B)NewbigpackfromSierraDesignsThelatestpackfromSierraDesignsistheGigawatt60L.Thepackhasanadjustablebacksystemthatfitsbacklengthsfrom40cmto53cm.It’smadefromdurable300Dpolyester.Featuresincludeazippedtopandsideaccess,oversizedsideandfrontpockets.TheGigawatt60Lweighs1.84kgandcosts£130.ScarpaupgradesitsMaestralebootsMaestraleRe-MadeskibootsaremadefromPolymertakenfromaroundthreetonsofleftovermaterials.CreatingaRe-MadebootfromPolymeremits27%lesscarbondioxidethancreatinga“classic”bootfromplant-basedPebaxRnew,whichemits32%lesscarbondioxidethanFossil-basedPlastics.ThedesignandmanufacturingprocessbehindtheRe-MadebootweredevelopedbyScarpa’sGreenLab,theproductiondepartmentdedicatedtosustainablesolutions.Apaircosts£500.scarpa.co.uk/VasqueBreezegetssustainableupdateThewell-establishedVasqueBreezehikingboothasbeenmodernisedwithenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.It’snowmadewithrecycledpolyesterandisthefirstboottohaveaVasqueDryWaterproofmembrane,whichismadefrom25%recycledmaterials.TheBreezeisalsocomfortabletowearwithitssoftfootbed.TheBreezeweighs1120gramsandcomesintwowidths.Itcosts£140.TheNorthFacelaunchesnewskitouringclothingTheDawnTurnclothingprovidesalayeringsystemforskitouringdesignedtokeepyouwarm,dryandfreelymoving.Itincludesashelljacket,midlayers,trousersandaccessories.TheDawnTurn2.0jacketwontheinnovationawardatISPOforitsbreathablelayer.Thecostis£350.TheDawnTurn1.0JacketismadefromwaterproofDryVent.Itfeaturesawindproofhoodandoversizedfrontpockets,andcosts£325.thenorthface.co.uk41.Thetargetreadersofthepassageareprobably______________.A.Theskiathletes B.TheoutdoorloversC.Theenvironmentalists D.Thesportsretailers42.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?ABothkindsofbootsmentionedinthepassagehavetwodifferentwidths.B.ThelatestbigpackfromSierraDesignshasafixedbacksystem.C.TheVasqueBreezehikingbootisbotheco-friendlyandwaterproof.D.TheDawnTurn1.0JacketwontheinnovationawardatISPO.43.Inthebootsproduction,whichorderiscorrectbasedonthecarbonemissionsofthematerials?A.Polymer>PebaxRenew>Fossil-basedPlasticsB.Fossil-basedPlastics>PebaxRenew>PolymerC.Fossil-basedPlastics>Polymer>PebaxRenewD.Polymer>Fossil-basedPlastics>PebaxRenew【答案】41.B42.C43.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几款户外活动装备背包，鞋子和衣服。【41题详解】推理判断题。主要介绍了几款户外活动装备背包，鞋子和衣服。文章VasqueBreezegetssustainableupdate部分“Thewell-establishedVasqueBreezehikingboothasbeenmodernisedwithenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.(VasqueBreeze登山靴采用环保材料进行了现代化改造。)”可知这篇文章的目标读者可能是户外爱好者，故选B。【42题详解】细节理解题。文章VasqueBreezegetssustainableupdate部分“It’snowmadewithrecycledpolyesterandisthefirstboottohaveaVasqueDryWaterproofmembrane,whichismadefrom25%recycledmaterials.(它现在由回收聚酯纤维制成，是第一款采用VasqueDry防水膜的靴子，该防水膜由25%的回收材料制成。)”可知根据短文，陈述是正确的的是VasqueBreeze登山靴既环保又防水，故选C。【43题详解】细节理解题。文章ScarpaupgradesitsMaestraleboots部分“CreatingaRe-MadebootfromPolymeremits27%lesscarbondioxidethancreatinga“classic”bootfromplant-basedPebaxRnew,whichemits32%lesscarbondioxidethanFossil-basedPlastics.(用聚合物制造一只重新制造的靴子比用植物基PebaxRnew制造一只“经典”靴子少排放27%的二氧化碳，后者比化石基塑料少排放32%的二氧化碳。)”可知在靴子生产中，根据材料的碳排放量，顺序是正确的化石塑料>PebaxRenew>聚合物，故选B。(C)My21-year-oldniece,asecond-yearundergraduate,mentionedthatshewatchesvideolecturesofflineattwicethenormalspeed.Struckbythis,IaskedsomeotherstudentsIknow.Manynowroutinelyspeeduptheirlectureswhenlearningoffline—oftenby1.5times,sometimesbyevenmore.Speedlearningisnotforeveryone,buttherearewebsiteswherestudentsdiscusshowodditwillbeoncetheyreturntothelecturetheatre.Onecontributorwrote:“Normalspeednowsoundslikedrunkspeed.”Educationwasadaptingtot