语言学概论智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年阜阳师范大学

第一章测试Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BModernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BModernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:AModernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthespokenlanguage.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BInthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:AIfalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe_______.（）

A:descriptive

B:analytic

C:prescriptive

D:linguistic

答案:AWhichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?（)

A:Duality

B:Meaningfulness

C:Displacement

D:Arbitrariness

答案:BAhistoricalstudyoflanguageisa_______studyoflanguage.()

A:synchronic

B:Comparative

C:diachronic

D:prescriptive

答案:CThedetailsofanylanguagesystemarepassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough_______,ratherthanbyinstinct.()

A:books

B:teaching

C:learning

D:bothAandB

答案:D第二章测试Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BAnysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:ANotallthebackvowelsareroundedvowels.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BTherulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:AWhentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:AOfallthespeechorgans,the_______is/arethemostflexible.（）

A:tongue

B:lips

C:vocalcords

D:mouth

答案:AThesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds.()

A:voiced

B:consonantal

C:voiceless

D:vowel

答案:C________isavoicedalveolarstop.()

A:/d/

B:/z/

C:/k/

D:/b/

答案:ASince/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe___________.()

A:minimalpair

B:incomplementarydistribution

C:inphonemiccontrast

D:theallophones

答案:CA(n)___________isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.()

A:sound

B:phoneme

C:phone

D:allophone

答案:B第三章测试Wordsarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BInflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BTherearethreemorphemesintheword“reactivate”.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BFewwordscanbeaddedtoclosedclasswords.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:AJustasaphonemeisthebasicunitinthestudyofphonology,soisamorphemethebasicunitinthestudyofmorphology.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BTheword______isnotacompound.()

A:sunflower

B:friendship

C:raincoat

D:moonwalk

答案:B_________areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.()

A:Sentences

B:Morphemes

C:Phonemes

D:Words

答案:B_________isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.()

A:Morpheme

B:Morphology

C:Grammar

D:Syntax

答案:B“-s”intheword“books”is_______.()

A:aninflectionalaffix

B:astem

C:aroot

D:aderivativeaffix

答案:A_______arethosethatcanbeusedindependentlyandtheyarewordsbythemselves.()

A:Words

B:Boundmorphemes

C:Boundwords

D:Freemorphemes

答案:D第四章测试Averbphrasemustcontainaverb,butotherelementsareoptional.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:AWh-movementregulatesthemovementofawh-phrasetoCunderCP.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:AModifiersalwaysfollowthehead.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:AThreecriteriaareusuallyemployedtodetermineaword’scategory.Theyaremeaning,derivationanddistribution.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BMinorlexicalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfixedandnewmembersareallowedfor.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:AThesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare____innumber.()

A:infinite

B:small

C:finite

D:large

答案:CWhichofthefollowinglexicalcategoriesdoesnotbelongtothemajorlexicalcategories?()

A:Adverb

B:Preposition

C:Adjective

D:Noun

答案:AWhichofthefollowingpropertiesdoesnotbelongtocoordination?()

A:Coordinatedcategoriesmustbeofthesametype.

B:Thereisnolimitonthenumberofcoordinatecategoriesthatcanappearpriortotheconjunction.

C:Thecategorytypeofthecoordinatephraseisdeterminedbythehead.

D:Acategoryatanylevelcanbecoordinated.

答案:CTheheadofthephrase“verystrictwithstudents”is________.()

A:strict

B:very

C:students

D:with

答案:AThesentence“Theywerewantedtoremainquietandnottoexposethemselves.”isa________sentence.()

A:complex

B:simple

C:compound

D:coordinate

答案:B第五章测试Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BContextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:B“Itisraining.”isaone-placepredicationbecauseitcontainsoneargument.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:ABehaviouristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformasthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BThemeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:AThegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedby_______.()

A:semanticrules

B:semanticfeatures

C:selectionalrestrictions

D:grammaticalrules

答案:D7Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningarecalled______________.()

A:hyponyms

B:homonyms

C:polysemy

D:antonyms

答案:D“Ilostmywallet”_______“Ihaveawallet.”()

A:isinconsistentwith

B:issynonymouswith

C:presupposes

D:entails

答案:CWhichofthefollowingisnottrue?()

A:Senseisabstractanddecontextualized.

B:Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

C:Senseisnotthemeaningcompliedindictionary.

D:Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.

答案:C“Alive”and“dead”are______________.()

A:complementaryantonyms

B:gradableantonyms

C:Noneoftheabove

D:relationalopposites

答案:A第六章测试Whatessentiallydistinguishes_______andpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.____

答案:Therearefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple:themaximof_______,themaximofquality,themaximofrelationandthemaximofmanner.____

答案:A______actistheactofutteringwords,phrasesandclauses.It’stheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.____

答案:Utterancesalwaystaketheformofcompletesentences.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BSpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherJohnSearle.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:APerlocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BThemeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:AWhatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.()

A:reference

B:practicalusage

C:speechact

D:context

答案:DIfwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa(n)_________.()

A:directive

B:constative

C:expressive

D:utterance

答案:D__________isadvancedbyPaulGrice.()

A:UniversalGrammar

B:PolitenessPrinciple

C:Speechacttheory

D:CooperativePrinciple

答案:D第七章测试Thewaychildrenacquirethelanguageisoneofthecausesforlanguagechange.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:AIngeneral,linguisticchangeingrammarismorenoticeablethanthatinthesoundsystemandthevocabularyofalanguage.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:A“brunch”isawordformedbyabbreviation.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:AIt’simpossibleforaffixestobelost.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BThearrivalofanewwordisquiteobviousandoftendrawsattentionduetoitsnovelty.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BThelossofwordsoftentakesplacequicklyovertheashortperiodoftime.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:ALanguageismovingtowardsgreaterinformality.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BTherearemainlythreeprocessesofsemanticchange,namelywidening,narrowing,and______inmeaning.____

答案:第八章测试The_______isapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.____

答案:Languagevariesasitsfunctionvaries;itdiffersindifferentsituations.Thetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetoatypeofsituationisa______.____

答案:A_______isaspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.____

答案:Languageusevariesfromonespeechcommunitytoanother,fromoneregionalgrouptoanother,fromonesocialgrouptoanother,andevenfromoneindividualtoanother.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BTwospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BThemostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammar.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:AInnormalsituations,____speakerstendtousemoreprestigiousformsthantheir____counterpartswiththesamesocialbackground.()

A:young;old

B:old;young

C:female;male

D:male;female

答案:C第九章测试Differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,andsotheythinkandspeakdifferently:thisisthewell-knownlinguistic_______.____

答案:Thereexistsnoculturaloverlapbetweentwosocietiesowingtodifferencesinthecultures.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:AAcculturationistheprocesswherebyindividualsorgroupsofdifferingethnicityareabsorbedinthedominantcultureofasociety—thoughnotalwayscompletely.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BLanguageuseanditsmeaningareheavilytintedwithitsculture.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:ALanguagehasplayedamajorroleinsocializingthepeopleandinperpetuatingculture,especiallyinprintform.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:ATheconnotativemeaningcanbefoundinadictionary.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BThelanguageapersonusesembodieshisculturalidentityandbackground.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:A第十章测试Theinteractionistclaimsthatthemodifiedlanguagewhichissuitableforthechild’scapabilityiscrucialinhislanguageacquisition.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BUnder-extensionhappenswhenachildtakesapropertyofanobjectandgeneralizesit.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:BChildrenfirstacquirethesoundsinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto.（）

A:对

B:错

答案:AThecapacitytoacquireone’sfirstlanguageisafundamentalhumantraitthatallhumanbeingsareequallywellpossessedwith.（）

A:错

B:对

答案:BTraditionalbehavioristsviewlanguag