高分子物理版上课课件词典与大纲

AAbrasion(Abrasion)Theabilityofamaterialtowithstandmechanicalaction(friction)suchasrubbing,scra,etc.ABS(Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene)(ABSApolymerproducedfromacrylonitrileandstyreneliquids,andbutadienegas,whicharepolymerizedtogetherinavarietyofratiostoproducethefamilyofABSresins.AbsoluteZero(AbsoluteTheminimumpointinthethermodynamictemperaturescale(-273.16°Cor-AcetalArigidthermosticwithpropertiessimilartozinc,aluminum,andothermetals.Themolecularstructureofthepolymerisofalinearacetalconsistingofunbranchedpolyoxymethylenechains.AdditiveAsubstancecompoundedintoaresintoenhancecertaincharacteristicssuchassticizers(forflexibility),lightstabilizers,flameretardants,Alloy(polyblend)(AlloyAcompositematerialmadebyblendingpolymersorcopolymerswithotherpolymersorelastomers.Antioxidant(Antioxidant)Substanceswhichpreventorslowoxidationofapolymericmaterialexposedtoair.BBleed(Bleed) Togiveupcolorwhenincontactwithwaterorasolvent;undesirablemovementofcertainmaterialsinastic(ex:sticizersinvinyl)tothesurfaceofthefinishedarticleorintoanadjacentmaterial.BrittleTemperature(BrittleTemperature)Thethresholdtemperatureatwhichthematerialwillfractureduetocoldinducedlossofflexibility.CCarbonBlack(CarbonAmulti-functionaladditiveproducedby pleteburningofnaturalgasoroilandusedinsticsasaconductorofelectricity,apigment,afiller-extender,andastabilizer.CatalystAsubstancewhichspeedsupthepolymerizationorcureofacompoundwhenaddedinminortyascomparedtotheprimaryreactants.CelluloseAnaturallyoccurringpolysaccharideconsistingsolelyofglucoseunitsandfoundinmostnts.Itisthemainconstituentofdriedwoods,jute,flax,hemp,etc.CellulosicsAfamilyofresinsderivedfromcellulose.Thethreemostcommontypesare:cellulose-acetate(CA),cellulose-acetate-butyrate(CAB),andcellulose-acetate-propionate(CAP).Co-Extrusion(Co-Thetechniqueofextrudingtwoormorematerialsthroughasinglediebeingfedbyseparateextruders.CoefficientofFriction(CoefficientofFriction)toslidingorrollingofsurfacesofsolidbodiesincontactwitheachother;statedask=F/WinwhichFistherequiredtomoveonesurfaceoveranotherandWistheweightpressingthesurfacesCompounding(Compounding)TheprocessofmixingthepolymerallthematerialsnecessaryforthefinishedresintobeusedbytheCompressiveStrength(CompressiveStrength)umloadatwhichcompressionfailureoccursinaspecimendividedbytheoriginalareaofthespecimen.Condensedstate(Condensed凝聚态Thepropertyoftransmittingelectricity,heat,etc.Copolymer Acompoundresultingfromthereactionoftwochemicallydifferentmonomerswitheachother.CrazingMinutecracksnearthesurfaceofsticmaterials.Cross-Linking(Cross- Theestablishingofchemicallinks betweenthemolecularchainsinpolymers.Cross-linkingcanbeplishedbychemicalvulcanization,and/orAstateofmolecularstructureinsomeresinsdenotinguniformityandcompactnessofthemolecularchains.Thischaracteristicisattributabletotheexistenceofsolidcrystalswithdefinitegeometricform.DDecayRate(Decay ThespeedinwhichamaterialdrainastaticelectricalDeformationTheresultwhenanobjectdoesnotreturntoitsoriginalformorshapeafterpressureorstressisDensity Themassperunitvolumeofaexpressedinpoundspercubicfoot,gramspercubiccentimeter,etc.Die,Extrusion(Die,cedattheexitofanextruderbarrelthroughwhichtheresinemergesandisformedintofilm,rods,pipe,profiles,sheet,tubing,etc.DuctilityAmountofsticstrainamaterialcanwithstandbeforeitfractures.EElasticDeformation Theportionofdeformationofanobject(Elastic underloadwhichcanberecoveredtheloadisFFiller Averyinexpensivematerialwhichtypicallyaddedtoastictomakeitlesscostly.Theycanbeinertorcanaltervariouspropertiesofthestic,particularlyhardness,stiffness,andimpactGGauge(Gauge) Thicknessofsticfilmmeasuredindecimalinchesormils.HHeat(Heat Theabilitytowithstandtheeffectsof exposuretohightemperature.HomopolymerApolymerconsistingofonlyonemonomericspecies.IImpactStrength(Impact Theabilitytowithstandshockloading.InjectionMolding(InjectionMolding)Aprocessinwhichmeltedsticisdintoarelativelycoolmoldwhichformsthesticintothedesiredshape.LLDPE LowdensityMMeltIndex(Melt Theamount,ingrams,ofthermosticresinwhichcanbe throughan0.0825“orificewhensubjectedto2160gms in10minutesat190°C.ModulusofElasticity(ModulusofElasticity)TheratioofstresstostrainbelowtheproportionallimitofthematerialMonomer Asinglemoleculewhichcanjoinanothermonomerormoleculetoformapolymerormolecularchain.NNaturalRubber(NR) Anelasticsubstanceproducedby(NaturalRubber coagulatinganddryingthemilky(latex)ofvarioustropicalnts,especiallyatree(Hevabrasiliensis)ofthespurgefamily.NylonThegenericnameforallsyntheticfiber-formingpolyamides;characterizedbygreatstrength,toughness,and ,goodfatigueandlubricity,andlowcoefficientoffriction.TheycanbeformedintoamonofilamentandCurrenttypesinclude6,6-6,6-10,&OOil(Oil Abilitytowithstandthedeteriorating effectsofanarticlebytheofoil;usuallycausingvolumetricswelland/orhardening.P Therateatwhichaliquidorgas pressurepassesthroughasolidmaterialbydiffusionandsolution.sticizer(Achemicalagentaddedtoaresintoincreaseitsworkabilityduringprocessing,andtoimpartflexibilityandotherdesiredpropertiestothefinishedproduct;usuallyofanorganicesterhavingahighboilingpoint.Polymersolutions(Polymer高分子溶液RRandomCopolymer(Random Acopolymerinwhichthemoleculesof eachmonomerarerandomlyarrangedthepolymer Amaterialusedtorein,strengthen,orgivedimensionalstabilitytoanothermaterial.Resin(Resin) Anorganicsubstanceofnaturalorsyntheticorigincharacterizedbybeingpolymericinstructureandpredominantlyamorphous.Mostresins,thoughnotall,areofhighmolecularweightandconsistoflongchainornetworkmolecularstructure.Usuallyresinsaremoresolubleintheirlowermolecularweightforms.SSelf-Extinguishing(Self-Aloosely-usedtermdescribinga material'sabilitytostopburningoncethesourceoftheflameisShearStrength(ShearThestressatwhichamaterialfailsinshearortheabilityofamaterialtowithstandshearstress.SpecificGravity(SpecificTheratioofthemassofanyvolumeto themassofanequalvolumeofsubstancetakenasastandard.Thestandardforsolidsandliquidsisusuallywater,andforgasesthestandardisair.SpecificHeat(SpecificTheamountofheatrequiredtoraiseaspecifiedmassbyoneunitofaspecifiedtemperatureatconstantTTalc(Talc) Aninertrefinedmineralproduct(hydratedmagnesiumsilicate)thatisareinforcingfillerextender.Becauseofitstyconfiguration,ittendstoaddstiffnesstothere