高一英语讲义-动词的时态综合精讲一

高考英语动词的时态综合精讲（一）之现在时，将来时，过去时时态1.时态的定义时态是表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式来表示。英语语法中的时态是一种动词形式，不同的时态用来表示不同的时间与方式。是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下恸词形式。.动词时态和语态的构成形式主动语态的构成一般现在时一般过去时do/does,(is/am/are)did,(was/were)现在进行时过去进行时is/am/aredoingwas/weredoing现在完成时过去完成时has/havedonehaddone现在完成进行时过去完成进行时has/havebeendoinghadbeendoing一般将来时过去将来时will/shalldowould/shoulddois/am/aregoingtodowas/weregoingtodois/am/are(about)todowas/were(about)todo.时态分类分类标准按状态分：一般状态、进行状态、完成状态、完成进行状态。（1）一般状态A.一般现在时构成：do/does/am/is/are用法：□表示客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等；Eg:Thesunrisesintheeast.IcanspeakEnglish.□表示经常性、重复性的动作。Eg:Isometimesstayinbeduntillunchtime.常见的频度副词：never,(seldom,hardly,rarely);occasionally;sometimes;often;frequently,usually;always;allthetime.口主句是一般将来时，时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作(这时主句往往采用将来时或出现can/must/shall/will等情态动词或主句是祈使句)Whenyoucomenexttime,bringmesomemagazines.Iftimeallows,wewillgotheretomorrow.I,llgothereafterIfinishmywork.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon,tgothere.□按计划、规定要发生的动作，句中带有时间状语。(begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,return,open,close,takeoff,reach,land)Eg:Themeetingbeginsatseven.Theplanetakesoffat9o,clocktomorrow.口表示好恶或者感官的词多用一般现在时。Eg:IlikeEnglishverymuch.□表示主语的特征 E.g.Thisclothfeelssoft.注意：近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰【练习题】.一whenagain?--whenhe,I,llletyouknowA.hecomes,come Bwillhecome;willcomeChecomes;willcomeDwillhecome;comesthinkitisnecessaryformy19-year-oldsontohavehisownmobilephone,forIsometimeswanttomakesureifhehomefordinner.AcomeBcomesChascomeDwillcome3.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrosstheopensea,whichthePacific,andwemetnostorm.wascalled B.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled一般过去时构成：was/were/did用法：a.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态LastnightIatemuchbread.（注意：在一般过去时的句子中，通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。）b.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态Iwrotehomeonceaweekatcollege.c.表示过去连续发生的一系列动作Sheenteredtheroom,pickedupamagazineandlookeditthroughcarefully. 她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。d.在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作Wewouldnotleaveuntiltheteachercameback.e.有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用注意：只是对过去事实的单纯描述，与现在无关。常见的时间状语：last,ago,yesterday,theotherday,in1990,justnow,atthattimeEg:Hewenttothecinemalastnightwithherboyfriend.过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作，可用usedto和would+动词原形Heoftensangwhenhewasaboy.DuringthevacationIwouldswiminthesea.□用于Ididn’tknow…或Iforgot…，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。用于Ididn'tknow…或Iforgot…，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。Ididn,tknowyouwerehere.（现在已经知道）Sorry,Iforgottobringmybook.（“忘记带书”已成为过去的事了）【练习题】Mother____meanewcoatyesterday.Iiton.Itfitsmewell.A.hadmade...havetriedB.made...havetried C.hasmade...triedD.made...tried2“Hetodrawhorsesalready”,“Whenhe?”“Lastyear"A.learned…hasB.learned…didC.haslearned…hasD.haslearned…did.Tomupintothetree.Look,hehighupthere!A.hasgot…isB.hasclimbed…wasC.got…wasD.climbed…is.youthetextyet?Yes,weittwohoursago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…haveC.Have…copied…didD.Did…copy…had.“Whysheangry?”“Becauseheatherjustnow.”A.did…get…shouted B.has…got…shoutedC.did…get…hasshoutedD.has…got…hasshoutedC.一般将来时用法：□表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态Ishallbefreethisafternoon.TheywillprobablygotoShanghaifortheirholiday.口表示将要反复发生的动作MyunclewillcometoseemeeverySaturday.构成1：will/shalldo动作到现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作"，shall只用于第一人称。Eg：Ishall/willnotbefreetomorrow.频度副词：tonight,thedayaftertomorrow,thisevening/afternoon,thisSunday,thisweek/month/year,next时间，intwodays,later,soon.构成2：be(am/is/are)+going+todo这种表示方法主要说明：说话人的意图、打算；某种可能性。Eg：HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.构成3：be(am/is/are):+todo按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远；要求或命令他人做某事。Eg:Thenewbridgeistoopentotrafficinthreedays.Youaretomakethenecessarychanges.构成4：be+doing用现在进行时表将来（非延续性动词）：go,come,leave,arrive,flyEg:ThestudentsareleavingonSunday.构成5：do/does/am/is/are与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用，遵循主将从现。D.过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看来，将要发生的动作。常用时间状语：thenextday/morning/week/year...构成1：woulddo表示过去将要做某事Eg:Hesaidhewouldbehereateighto,clock.（宾语从句，时态统一）构成2：was/weregoingtodo表示过去按计划将要发生的动作。Eg：-Tom,youdidn,tcometothepartylastnight.-Iwasgoingto,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomeworktodo.构成3：was/weretodo表示过去按计划将要发生的动作。Eg:IfeltnervousbecauseIwassoontoleavehomeforthefirsttime.构成4：was/wereabouttodo表示过去某时间以后立刻去做。Eg：Iwasabouttogotobedwhentherewasaring.构成5：was/weredoing表示按时间或计划将要发生的动作，可用一般过去时和过去进行时表示过去将来。常用动词：go,come,leave,arrive,begin,stop,start,return.【练习题】Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyouadvertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseen---HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourses?---Justfilloutthisformandwewhatwecandoforyou.A.seeB.areseeingC.haveseenD.willsee---Whatwouldyoudoifittomorrow?---Wehavetocarryiton,sincewehavegoteverything.A.rainB.rainsC.WillrainD.israining---Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?---Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilmquiteearly,wetothebookstore.A.finishedaregoingB.finishedgoC.finishesaregoingD.finishesgo练习：【基础题】--Look!Somebodythesofa.--Well,itwasn,tme.Ididn,tdoit.iscleaningwascleaningC.hascleanedD.hadcleanedDon'tworrry.Thehardworkthatyoudonowlaterinlife.A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaidFoodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere,sleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout-kevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong?-Well,IatestandI,mwaitingfortheresult.A.willtakeB.tookC.hadtakenD.takeMum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIonFriday.A.getpaid B.gotpaid C.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid【巩固题】Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe.A.wouldn,tB.didn,tC.hasn,tD.hadn,t---Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemaeket? Yes,fortunatelynoone.A.hurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.hadbeenhurtOurfriendshipquicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.A.haddevelopedB.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelopD.developed.Themanagertheworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.A.hastoldB.istellingC.hasbeentellingD.willhavetold.---DidyouaskSophiaforhelp?---Ineedto-Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown.A.wouldn,tB.don,tC.didn,tD.won’t.ThethreeofusaroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.A.travelledB.havetravelledC.hadtravelledD.travel.Thelettersforthebossonhisdeskbuthedidn,treadthemuntilthreelater.A.wereputB.wasputC.putD.hasput3.Ihadbeenworkingonmathforthewholeafternoonandthenumbers beforemyeyes.A.swimB.swumC.swamD.hadswum."Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow",Grannyusedtosay,"becauseeverystep口A.hasshownB.isshowingC.showsD.showed.Themanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers.A.willleaveB.areleavingC.haveleftD.wereleaving【提高题】（北京卷.24）—:thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?一Yes.Theyarehappywithit.A.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling（北京卷.29）Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphonesyet.A.haven,tinventedB.haven,tbeeninventedC.hadn,tinventedD.hadn,tbeeninvented（北京卷.33）Peoplebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey,relivinglongerasresult.A.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.hadhad（北京卷.34）Ifthenewsafetysystemtouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.would