智能交通中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)智能交通的的设计前言在现代工业生产中，电流、电压、温度、压力、流量、速度、开关量等都是常用的主要被控参数。例如：在冶金工业、化工药品的生产、电力工程、造纸行业、机械制造和食品加工等诸多领域，人们需要交通的有序控制。通过单片机控制交通运输，不仅具有方便的控制、配置简单、灵活等优点，而且还可以通过控制量大幅度提高技术指标，从而大大提高了产品的质量和数量。因此，单片集成电路的交通灯控制问题是一个工业生产中，我们经常遇到的问题。关于AT89C51功能特点说明：AT89C51CMOS88KFlash存Atmel80S518CPUFlashAT89C51为众多嵌入式控制应用系统提供高灵活、超有效的解决方案。AT89C51单片机的Flash，256RAM，32I/O16位定时/62级中断结构，全双工服务通信接口，片内晶振及时钟电路。此外，AT89C510Hz静态逻辑操作，2种软件可选择省电模式。空闲模式，中央处理器停止工作，允许内存、定时/内容被保存，已被冻AT89C511所示。11234567891011121314151617181920P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7RST/Vpd(RXD)P3.0(TXD)P3.1(INT0(INT1(T0)P3.4(T1)P3.5(WR)P3.6(RD)P3.7XTAL2XTAL1ENDVCCP0.0(AD0P0.1(AD1)P0.2(AD2)P0.3(AD3)P0.4(AD4)P0.5(AD5)P0.6(AD6)P0.7(AD7)EA/VpdALE/PROGPSENP27(A15)P26(A14)P25(A13)P24(A12)P23(A11)P22(A10)P21(A9)P20(A8)4039383736353433323130292827262524232221图1AT89C51的引脚分配中断介绍AT89C51有六个中断源：两个外部中断，三个定时器中断（定时器和IE相关特殊寄存器中断允许，即51。他们的新产品保留AT89系列。定时器2TF2T2CONRSEXF20。实际TF2EXF2Disruption001TF0TF12s2p2TF2，在同一周期电路捕捉下来。外部时钟驱动特性符号参数最小值最大值单位1/TCLCL振荡器频率024MHzTCLCL时钟周期41.6nsTCHCX最长时间15nsTCLCX最低时间15NsTCLCH上升时间20NsTCHCL下降时间20Ns8255芯片8255特点并行输入/LSII/O设备，CPU总线和外设接口。24I/O8组的三位口，口对口，PB口和PAPC2I/OA（PC4~7BCB端口（低四，PC0~PC3I/O口，闪光控制（选通）I/OI/O模式，BI/O或闪光控制/0和/82558255信息。WR：写一个标准的灯，当输入引脚为低的水平，即/WR=0/CS=0CPU8255。D7D0~双向数据总线，8255CPU8位数据的读/CH传送的人物类型和状态信息。端口的输入和输出线，8位数据输出锁存器/缓冲器，一个8位数据输入锁存器。PB0~PB7：PB0B8I/O8位的输入和输出缓冲区。PC0~PC7：C口输入和输出线，8位数据输出锁存器/8位数44AB标准灯输出或状态标准灯的输入端口A0、A1PA8255口，PB口，PCA0=口选择；当A0=口选择；当A0==1，PCA0=1，A1=1，控制登记选择。关于七段数码管显示介绍通过发光二极管芯片适当的连接（包括串并联）和适当的光学结构。可构成发光显示的发光段或发光点。通过这些电子发光点或发光点可以由数码管、符号管、管、管、多电平矩阵显示管等。通常数码管、符号管、米管被称为中风显示。洛克显示，但行程显示和矩阵管统称为字符显示。1。主导显示分类1m（2~高1.27毫米（0.5英寸）甚至高达几百毫米.颜色编码的得分红色，橙色，黄色，绿色和几个种类。根据结构点，反射罩型、单点弹性和单片集成式。从阳极和阴极两种点的发光截面电极连接方式。2。发光显示参数含义与大多数的发光二极管相同。LED含多个发光二极管显示器,具体参数：发光强度比1.5~2.32.5。交通信号控制类型OL关于看门狗电路的芯片，俗称“看门狗max692系统监控电路芯片，具有后备电池开关，电源失去判别函数监控、看门狗。如图2所示的封装和引脚说明图2max692封装和引脚I/OM控制定期引脚的看门狗到高电平（或低电平，这一程序语句是散落在单片机等控制语句，一旦MI信号发送的信号，然后在它splittext程序开始，所以我们意识到了他单片机自动复位。红外探测电路stimutes非平衡载流子（电子或空穴，造成电气性能的变化。因为载不离体，所以称为内光电效应。量子光电效应灵敏度高，响应速度快，热探测器速度快，是可选的探测器。为了达到最佳性能，通常需要在低温下工作。光电探测器可分为：基准带，造成空化增加，电导光导电特征。入射光子在禁带中激发了在禁作温度。“近的电子空化效应，现有的“2阻抗。这些特性的准备和使用的焦平面阵列带来巨大的好处发光-肖特基势垒探测器：金属和半导体接触，通常包括PtSi／Si结构和形PtSi吸收电子的费米能级，获得能量，跨越SiPtSi方便生产，以更低的成本和良好的均匀性等优势，但使其质量甚至更大/硅结构是最早的红外焦平FPAA.定时计数与流量计算采用MCS—51内部定时器/计数器定时，配合软件延时实现定时器。这种方法节省硬件成本，减少了阅读器在定时器/计数器的使用、中断和编程得到锻炼和提高。计算公式如下：TC=M-C类型，M用于反触值，值和反工作方式有关。能，我们在单位时间内调用以实现最大流量的多能量车.（交通/时间）代表。参考文献参考文献Hughes,T.A.ProgrammableControllers,ThirdEdition.ISA–TheInstrumentation,Systems,andAutomationSociety,2000,334p.Jack,H.AutomatingManufacturingSystemswithPLC-s,828p.,Available:ed:3.10.2003LOGO!Manual.SiemensAG,2003,312p.OPCFoundationhomepage:/,Accessed:9.11.2003Rosin,A.ProgrammableControllersSimaticS7.Tallinn,TTU,2000,120p.[MasterThesis]–inEstonian.Berger,H.AutomatingwithSIMATIC.SiemensAG,2003,214p.DesignofIntelligentTransportationBecauseoftherapiddevelopmentofoureconomyresultinginthecarnumberoflargeandmedium-sizedcitiessurgedandtheurbantraffic,isfacingserioustest,leadingtothetrafficproblemincreasinglyserious,itsbasicallyarebehavedastraffic accident frequency, to the human life safety enormous threat, Trafficcongestion,resultinginserioustraveltimeincreases,energyconsumptionincrease;Airpollutionandnoisepollutiondegreeofdeepening,etc.Dailytrafficjamsbecomepeoplecommonplaceandhadtoendure.Inthiscontext,incombinationwiththeactualsituationofurbanroadtraffic,developtrulysuitableforourowncharacteristicsofintelligentsignalcontrolsystemhasbecomethemaintask.PrefaceInpracticalapplicationathomeandabroad,accordingtotheactualtrafficsignalcontrolapplicationinspection,planarindependentintersectionsignalcontrolbasicusingsetcycle,muchtimesetcycle,halfinduction,wholesensoretcinseveralways.Theformertwocontrolmodeiscompletelybasedonplanarintersectionalwaystrafficflowdataofstatisticalinvestigation,duetotrafficflowtheexistenceofvariablesexandrandomicity,thetwomethodshavetrafficefficiencyislow,thescheme,thedefectsofagingandhalfinductiveandalltheinductivethetwomethodsareintheformertwowaysbasedonincreasedvehicledetectorandaccordingtotheinformationprovidedtoadjustcycleislongandgreenletterofvehicle,itthanrandomarrivedadaptabilitybigger,canmakevehiclesintheparkingcordbeforeasfewparking,achievetrafficflowingeffectInmodernindustrialproduction,current,voltage,temperature,pressure,andflowrate,velocity,andswitchquantityarecommonmainlycontrolledparameter.Forexample:inmetallurgicalindustry,chemicalproduction,powerengineering,thepapermakingindustry,machineryandfoodprocessingandsoonmanydomains,peopleneedtotransporttheorderlycontrol.Bysinglechipmicrocomputertocontroloftraffic,notonlyhastheconvenientcontrol,configurationsimpleandflexiblewaitforanadvantage,butalsocangreatlyimprovethetechnicalindexbycontrolquantity,thus greatly improve product quality and quantity. Therefore, the integratedcircuittothetrafficlightcontrolproblemisanindustrialproductionweoftenencounterproblems.Inthecourseofindustrialproduction,therearemanyindustrieshavelotsoftrafficequipment, in the current system,most of the trafficcontrol signalisaccomplishedbyrelays,butrelaysresponsetimeislong,sensitivitylow,long-termafteruse,faultopportunityincreasesgreatly,andadoptssingle-chipmicrocomputercontrol,theaccuracyoffargreaterthanrelays,shortresponsetime,softwarereliability,notbecauseworkingtimereduceditsperformancesake,comparedwith,thissolutionhasthehighfeasibility.AboutAT89C51(1)functioncharacteristicsdescription:AT89C51 is a low power consumption, high performance CMOS8 bitmicro-controller, has the 8K in system programmable Flash memory. Usehigh-densityAtmelcompanythebeltpasswordnonvolatilestoragetechnologyandmanufacturing,andindustrial80S51productinstructionsandpinfullycompatible.ChipFlashallowprogrammemoryinsystemprogrammable,alsosuitableforconventionalprogrammer.Inasinglechip,havedexterous8bitsCPUandinsystemprogrammableFlash,makeAT89C51formanyembeddedcontrolapplicationsystemprovidesthehighflexible,superefficientsolution.AT89C51hasthefollowingstandardfunction:8kbytesFlash,256bytesRAM,32-bitI/Omouthline,thewatchdogtimer,twodatapointer,three16timer/counter,a6vectorlevel2interruptstructure,full-duplexserialport,pieceinsidecrystalstimelyclockcircuit.Inaddition,AT89C51candropto0Hzstaticlogicoperation,supporttwosoftwarecanchoosepowersavingmode.Idlemode,theCPUtostopworking,allowingtheRAM,timer/counter,serialports,interruptioncontinuetowork.Powerlostprotectionmode,RAMcontentbeingsaved,has beenfrozen,microcontrollerallworkstop,untilthenextinterruptionorhardwareresetsofar.Asshowninfigure1fortheAT89C51pinsallotment.121234567891011121314151617181920P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7RST/Vpd(RXD)P3.0(TXD)P3.1(INT0(INT1(T0)P3.4(T1)P3.5(WR)P3.6(RD)P3.7XTAL2XTAL1ENDVCCP0.0(AD0P0.1(AD1)P0.2(AD2)P0.3(AD3)P0.4(AD4)P0.5(AD5)P0.6(AD6)P0.7(AD7)EA/VpdALE/PROGPSENP27(A15)P26(A14)P25(A13)P24(A12)P23(A11)P22(A10)P21(A9)P20(A8)4039383736353433323130292827262524232221Figure1theAT89C51pinsallotment(2)interruptintroductionAT89C51hassixinterruptsources:twoexternalinterruption,(and),threetimerinterrupt(timer0,1,2) andaserialinterrupts.EachinterruptsourcecanbepassedbuybitsorremoveIEtherelevantspecialregisterinterruptallowcontrolbitrespectivelymakeeffectiveorinvalidinterruptsource.IEalsoincludesaninterruptallowtotalcontrolbitEA,itcanbeabanallinterrupts.IE.Sixisnotavailable.ForAT89C51,IE.5bitsarealsonotbeused.Usersoftwareshouldnotgivethesebitswrite1.TheyAT89seriesfornewproductreserved.Timer2canbeTF2andtheT2CONregistersEXF2orlogicaltriggered.Programintoaninterruptservice,thesignbitcanbeimprovedbyhardwareqing0.Infact,theinterruptserviceroutinemustdeterminewhetherTF2orEXF2activationdisruption,thesignbitmustalsobysoftwareqing0.Timer0and1markatimerTF0andTF1hasbeenpresentedinthecyclecountoverflowS5P2074bits.Theirvalueuntilthenextcyclewascircuitcapturedown.However,thetimer2marksaTF2incountoverflowofthecycleofS2P2074bits,inthesamecyclewascircuitcapturedownsymbolsparametersminimumsymbolsparametersminimumTheunitmaximum1/TCLCLOscillatorFrequen024MHzcyTCLCLClockPeriod41.6nsTCHCXHighTime15nsTCLCXLowTime15NsTCLCHRiseTime20NsTCHCLFallTime20NsTable1About8255chip1.8255features:Aparallelinput/outputLSIchips,efficacyofI/Odevices,butasCPUbusperipheralinterface.Ithas24programmableSettingsofI/Omouth,eventhreegroupsof8bitsI/Omouthtomouth,PBmouthandPAPCmouth.Theyaredividedintotwogroups12I/Omouth,AgroupincludingportAandCmouth(highfour,PC4~PC7),includinggroupBandCportBmouth(lowfour,PC0~PC3).AgroupcanbesettogivebasicI/Omouth,flashcontrol(STROBE)I/Oflashcontrolled,two-wayI/O3modes,GroupBcanonlysettobasicI/OorflashcontrolledtheI/O,andthesetwomodesofoperationmodeentirelybycontrollingregisterscontrolworddecision.2.8255pinsefficacy:RESET:RESETinputlines,whentheinputoutsideathighlevels,allinternalregisters(includingcontrolregisters)wereremoved,allI/Oportsareinputmethods.CS:chipchooseastandardlampline1,whentheinputpinsforlowlevels,namely/CS=0,saidchipisselected,allow8255andCPUforcommunications,/=1,8255cannotwithCPUdodatatransmission.RD:readastandardlampline1,whentheinputpinsforlowlevels,namely/RD=0and/CS=0,allow8255throughthedatabustotheCPUtosenddataorstateinformation,namelytheCPU8255readfromtheinformationordata.TheWR:writeastandardlights,whentheinputpinsforlowlevels,namely/WR=0and/CS=0,allowstheCPUwilldataorcontrolwordwrite8255.D7:threestates D0~two-waydatabus, 8255andCPUdatatransmissionchannel,whentheCPUexecutioninput/outputinstruction,throughitsrealizationbitsofdataread/writeoperation,controlcharactersandstatusinformationtransmittedthroughthedatabus.PA0~PA7:portAinputandoutputlines,A8bitsofdataoutputlatches/buffers,an8bitsofdatainputlatches.PB0~PB7:portBinputandoutputlines,a8bitsofI/Olatches,an8bitsinputandoutputbuffer.PC0~PC7:portCinputandoutputlines,a8bitsofdataoutputlatches/buffers,an8bitsofdatainputbuffer.PortCcanthroughthewayofworkingsettingintotwofourports,every4digitportcontainsA4digitlatches,respectivelywiththeportAandportBcooperatetouse,canbeusedascontrolstandardlightsoutputorstatestandardlightsinputports.A0,A1:addressselectionline,usedtoselectthePA8255mouth,PBPCmouthandcontrollingregisters.WhenA0=0,A1=0,PAmouthbechosen;WhenA0=0,A1=1,PBmouthbechosen;WhenA0=0,A1=1,PCmouthbechosen;WhenA0=1,A1=1,controlregisterisselected.ConcerningsevensectionLEDdisplayintroductionThroughlightemittingdiodechipappropriatelink(includingseriesandparallel)andappropriateopticalstructure.Mayconstitutealuminousdisplaylight-emittingsegmentsorshinepoints.Bytheseluminoussegmentsorshinepointcanbecomposeddigitaltube,symbolstube,mwordpipe,tube,multilevelmatrixdisplaytubeetc.Usuallythedigitaltube,symbolstube,mwordtubewerecalledstrokedisplay,butthestrokedisplaysandmatrixtubecollectivelyreferredtoascharacterdisplays.TheLEDdisplayclassificationbywordhighmarks:strokemonitorswordhighleast1mm(monolithicintegratedtypemoredigitaltubewordhighincommonly2~3mm).Othertypesofstrokedisplaytiptop1.27mm(0.5inch)evenuptohundredsofmm.color-codedscorered,orange,yellow,greenandseveralkinds.accordingtothestructurepoints,reflectingcovertype,asingleandmonolithicintegratedtype.fromtheluminoussectionelectrodeconnectionmodeofpointsofanodecathodetwokinds.LEDdisplayparametersDuetotheLEDdisplayisLEDbased,soitslight,andtheelectricalcharacteristicsandultimatemeaningoftheparameterswithmostofthesamelightemittingdiode.ButbecausetheLEDmonitorcontainingmultiplelightemittingdiode,itmusthasthefollowingspecificparameters:theluminousintensityratioDuetothedigitaltubeparagraphsinthesamedrivingvoltage,eacharenotidentical,sopositivecurrenteachdifferent.TheluminousintensityAllsegmentsoftheluminousintensityvaluestheratioofthemaximumandminimumvaluesfortheluminousintensityratio.Theratiobetween2.3in1.5~,themaximumcannotexceed2.5.TrafficsignalcontroltypeThepurposeofthetrafficsignalcontrolarethree:first,intimeandspacespaceintersectiontrafficindifferentdirections,controltrafficoperationorder;Second,makeonplanarcrosstheroadnetworkonthepeopleandobjectsoftransportatthehighestefficiency,Third,astheroaduserstoprovidenecessaryinformation,andhelpthemtoeffectivelyusethetrafficfacilities.Roadtrafficsignalcontrolofbasictypeshavemanypointsmethod.Accordingtothecontrolgeometrycharacteristicisdividedinto:singleintersectioncontrol-pointcontrol,thetraffictrunklinesofcoordinatedcontrol-wire,trafficnetworkcoordinationcontrolsurfacecontrolling;--Accordingtothecontrolprincipledifferentiates:timingcontrol,inducedcontrolandadaptivecontrol.Aboutwatch-dogcircuitBysingle-chipcomputers.themicrocomputersystem,becauseofsinglechipworkoftencanbeaffectedbyexternalelectromagneticinterference,causingprogramrunflywhileintodeadcirculation,theprogram'snormaloperationbeinterruptedbysinglechipmicrocomputercontrolsystemwasunabletowork,cancausethewholesystemofcometoastandstill,happenunpredictableconsequences,soout microcontrollerrunningstatusreal-time.accordingconsideration,theygenerateaspeciallyusedformonitoringmicrocontrollerprogramrunningstateofthechip,commonlyknownas"watchdog"(watchdog).MAX692wasslightlysystemmonitoringcircuitchip,haveback-upbatteryswitching, power lost discriminant functions monitoring, the watchdog. encapsulationandpininstructionsasfigure2shows.Figure2MAX692encapsulationandpinsWatch-dogcircuitapplication,makeSCMcaninnoconditiontoachievecontinuouswork,itsworkingprincipleis:thewatchdogchipandMCUanI/Opinsarelinkedtogether,theI/Opinsthroughprogramcontrolitregularlytothewatchdogofthepinsonintohighlevel(orthelowlevel),thisprogramstatementisscatteredonSCMothercontrolstatements,onceamongsingle-chipduetotheinterferencemakesapplicationrunintoaflyaftertheproceduressectionintodeadcirculationstate,writethewatchdogpinsprogramcannotbeexecuted,thistime,thewatch-dogcircuitwillbewithoutmicrocontrollersentsignals,thenatitandMCUresetpinconnectedpinresetsignalgiveoutaa,makeSCMrepositionoccurs,namelytheprogramfromprogrammemorysplittextstarted,sowerealizedtheMCUautomaticreset.InfrareddetectioncircuitThe infrared radiation photon in semiconductor materials stimutes thenon-equilibriumcarriers(electronicorholes),causeelectricalpropertieschange.Becausecarrierdoesnotescapeinvitro,socalledwithinthephotoelectriceffect.Quantumphotoelectriceffecthighsensitivity,responsespeedheatdetectorsmuchfaster,isoptionaldetectors.Inordertoachievethebestperformance,generallyneedworkedinlowtemperature.Photoelectricdetectorcanbedividedinto:opticaltype:alsocalledphotoconductiveresistance.Theincidentphotonstimulatethevalencebanduniform semiconductorelectronicacrossforbiddenbandintotheconductionbandandleftinvalenceband,causecavitationincreases,forelectricconductanceeigenlight conductivity.Fromthebandgapsofimpuritylevelalsocanstimulatelightintotheconductionbandorborncarriersvalenceband,andforimpuritieslightconductivity.Thecutoffwavelengthbyimpurityionizationenergy(ie)decision.Quantumefficienciesbeloweigenopticalandrequirelowerworkingtemperature.photovoltaictype:mainlyp-nknotoflightbornvoltseffect.Energymorethanthewidthofinfraredphotonicbandgapsin"areaanditsnearbyofelectronscavitation.Existing"electricfieldmakeholeintoparea,electronicintonarea,twoparts appear potentials. Deoxidization device have voltage or current Comparedwithopticaldetectors,pvdetectordetect ratemorethanfortypercentfigurelimit,Don'trequireadditionalbiaselectricfieldandloadresistance,nopowerconsumption,havingahighimpedance.Thesecharacteristicsofpreparationanduseofthefocalplanearraybringgreatbenefits.lightemitting-Schottkypotentialbarrierdetector:metalandsemiconductorcontact,typ