2019-2020学年复旦附中高三上一次月考

2019-2020学年复旦附中高三上一次月考□.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Somepeoplesitoutsideforhourswithoutgettingbittenbymosquitoes,butitalwaysseemslikeyou(21)(bite)alivewithinminutesofsteppingoutdoors.(22)thisisyou,you,renotalone.AccordingtoSmithsonianMagazine,around20percentofpeopleintheworldareespeciallytastytomosquitoes.Whataboutthesepeoplemakingmosquitoes,mouthswater?Apopularmythclaimsthatmosquitoesprefercertainbloodtypes,butthefactisthattheysimplycan,ttellwhatyourbloodtypeisfromafarawayplace.JonathonDay,aprofessorofmedicalentomology(昆虫学)attheUniversityofFloridaintheUS,toldNBCit,snotcomplicated.“Thetwomostimportantreasonsamosquito(23)(attract)toyouhavetodowithsightandsmell.”Mosquitoesareespeciallyactiveinthelateafternoon.Whileflyingalong,theyusetheirsenseofsmelltofindpossibletargets.Theyfindvictimsbysmellingthecarbondioxide(CO2)breathedoutmyhumansandanimals.That,s(24)youcommonlyfindthemincrowdedstreetsandparks.JoopvanLoon,anentomologistatWageningenUniversityintheNetherlands,toldLiveScience,“Mosquitoesstartorienting(25)tocarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwind(26)theysensehigherconcentrations.”Asaresult,peoplewhosimplyexhalemoreofthegasovertime-generally,largerpeople-(27)(show)toattractmoremosquitoesthanothers.“Thisiswhykidsdon'tgetbittenasmuch...asadults,”USprofessorTedRosentoldScienceAlert.ThisloveforCO2canalsoputpregnantwomenat(28)(increase)riskformosquitobites,astheytendtoexhale21percentmoreCO2thanpeopleofthesameageandsizewhoaren,tpregnant.Inadditiontocarbondioxide,thecoloroftheclothesyouwearalsoplaysaroleinattractingmosquitoes.AccordingtoLiveScience,mosquitoescanlock(29)targetsfromupto50metersaway.Atthisdistance,whatwewearhashugeeffect.Duetotheirvision,peoplewearingdarkcolorsaremorelikelytobecometargets.1/11(30)(sting)bymosquitoesisannoying,butdon,tworry.Somesimpletipscanhelpwardthemoff.Scientistsrecommendthatweuseinsectrepellentandwearlight-coloredclothing.SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.fraudB.rallyC.dominantD.expandingE.entireF.discoveredG.rivalH.revealedI.defyJ.particularlyK.alternativeTheU.S.dollarwassupposedtobeattheendofitsrope.Kickingthebucket.Adyingsymbolofadyingempire.Well,maybenot.Thedollarcontinuesto__31__gloom-and-doompredictions.Afteraswoonlastyear,thedollarisagainenjoyingamajor32.TheU.S.dollarindex,whichmeasuresthedollar,svalueagainstothermajorcurrencies,isjustoffaneight-monthhigh.Themainreasonbehindthedollar,srecoveryisactuallynorealsurpriseatall.Thereisno33abletoreplacethedollarastheworld,sNo.1currency.Whatmakescurrenciessofascinatingisthattheirperceivedvalueisalwaysrelativetoothercurrencies.Sure,theU.S.budgetdeficit(赤字)is34,thegovernment,sdebtisincreasing,andWallStreetisstillrepairingitself.Butthedollarremainstheprettiestofaflickofuglyducklings.Isanyothermajorindustrializedeconomy35betteroffthantheU.S.?Notreally.Justaboutthe36developedworldissufferingwiththesameproblems.Thafswhywheninvestorsgetnervous,theystillrushtothegoodolddollar.Thedollarwinsbecausenooneelseisreallyinthegame.Theeurohasbeenexposedasa37.Onlyafewmonthago,economiststrylybelievedtheeurocould38thedollarasthetopreservecurrency.Nowexpertsarequestioningiftheeurohasafutureatall.TheGreekdebtcrisishas39thattheeuroisonlyasstrongasitsweakestlink.Maybeoverthenext20or30years,thedollarwillslowlylosethe40statusitholdstoday.Thatprocess,however,couldwellbedrivenbytheappearanceofnewrivals.□.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Cultureinfluencesanindividual'shealthbeliefs,behaviors,activitiesandmedicaltreatmentoutcomes.2/1141thesignificantinfluenceofcultureuponhealthandrelatedoutcomes,healthcare42shouldbeculturallycompetentinordertoprovide43healthcaretopatients.Culturalcompetencymeansconsideringmanyoptionsandbeingmorecarefulaboutmakingjudgments.Forexample,scarsandbruisesthatsuggestabuseinwesternculturecould44besymbolsofacceptedhealingmethodsorsacredrituals.45,differentpartsofthebodyareconsideredsacredindifferentcultures.Culturecompetencyinhealth-care46fourmajorchallengesforproviders.Thefirstisthestraightforwardchallengeofrecognizingclinical47amongpeopleofdifferentethnicandracialgroups,e.g.,higher__48__ofhypertensioninAfricanAmericansandofdiabetesincertainNativeAmericangroups.Thesecond,andfarmorecomplicated,challengeis49.Thisdealswitheverythingfromtheneedforinterpreterstonuancesofwordsinvariouslanguages.Manypatients,eveninwesterncultures,are__50__totalkwiththeirdoctorsaboutsuchpersonalmattersassexualactivityorchemicaluse.Howdoweovercomethis__51__amongmorerestrictedcultures?Thethirdchallengeisethics.52westernmedicineisamongthebestintheworld,wedonothaveallthe53.Respectforthebeliefsystemsofothersandtheeffectsofthosebeliefsonwell-beingarecriticallyimportanttocompetentcare.Thefinalchallengeinvolves54__.Forsomepatients,authorityfiguresareimmediatelymistrusted,sometimesforgoodreason.Havingseenorbeenvictimsofatrocities（暴行）atthehandsofauthoritiesintheirhomelands,manypeopleareas55ofcaregiversthemselvesastheyareofthecare.41.A.BecauseofB.RegardlessofC.ThankstoD.Inregardto42.A.professorsB.signalsC.professionalsD.assistants.43.A.optimumB.oppositeC.optimisticD.optional44.A.trulyB.surelyC.actuallyD.really45.A.InfactB.InadditionC.IngeneralD.Intheory46.A.providesB.reducesC.contendsD.holds47.A.similaritiesB.differencesC.traditionsD.experiences48.A.dangerB.threatC.riskD.problem49.A.contactB.communicationC.comprehensionD.translation50.readyB.hardC.reluctantD.impossible51.A.challengeB.faultC.resultD.phenomenon52.A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.Unless3/1153.A.diagnosesB.medicinesC.reputationD.trust54.A.loyaltyB.honorC.reputationD.trust55.A.consciousB.carefulC.worriedD.warySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场），andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene（聚乙烯），whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waswormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.toconfirmthattheworms,chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass-apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms,stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms,abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax-alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbon,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（肠道微生物）？Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam,sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess--notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”4/11Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?Theytakeplasticsadstheireverydayfood.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.Theycanconsumeplastics.Theywindupinlandfills.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownfindoutthesourceoftheenzymeconfirmtheresearchfindingsincreasethebreakdownspeedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraiseworms B.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfutureWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Toexplainastudymethodonworms.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.(B)YourTrueStoriesOnTheWingMyhusbandhadpassedtragicallyandunexpectedlythenightbefore.Ireturnedhomethenextmorningwithmysister-in-law,myemotionalsupport.Wesatintheupstairsloft,sharingstoriesaboutamanwho,dleftustooyoung.Iglancedoutthewindowandnoticedawoodpeckerontheroof.Itappearedtobewatchingus.Amemberofaspeciesrarelyseenhere,thebirdsatforalmost20minutesaswereminisced.Iaffectionatelynameditaftermylatehusband.Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehepassed,andawoodpeckercontinuestoappearatmyweakestmoments.ShannonRozewiczLikeSon,LikeFatherCaughtinasuddendownpouronthelastdayofabike-packingtrip,Iduckedintothelobbyofanearby5/11supermarketforcover.AsIwaitedoutthestormwithmybikeandgear,ateenageboyinvitedmetospendthenightwithhisfamily.Igladlyaccepted,andhewenttofindhisparents.WhileIwaited,anoldermanmademethesameoffer.IthankedhimandsaidIalreadyhadaplacetostay.Shortlyafter,theboyreturnedwithhisparents.Themanwhohadapproachedmewashisfather.PhilipWoodColorMeProudWhenmygranddaughterBethanywasfouryearsold,shevisitedmyhomeforafewdays.Igavehersomecrayonsandpicturesforcoloring.WhenIlookeddown,Isawshehadusedacrayontodrawpurplemarksalloverherlegs.“Bethany,whatareyoudoing?”Iasked.“Why,Grandma,”shesaid,“youhavesuchprettypurplelinesupanddownyourlegs,andIwantedminetolookjustlikeyours.”Sincethen,Ihavewornmyvaricoseveinwithpride,andtheygotprettiereachyear.MargieAndersonFromthestories,wecanlearnthat.ThewoodpeckerisShannon,semotionalsupportShannonhasbeencrazyforthedeathofherhusbandPurpleisGranddaughter,sfavoritecolorGrandmausedtobeproudofhervaricoseveinWhenPhilipWoodsays“LikeSon,LikeFather”,hemeansthefatherandthesonA.resembleeachotherinmanywaysB.arebothhelpfulandconsiderateC.liketosocializewithstrangersD.arefondofaccommodatingstrangersWhatisthegeneraltoneofthethreestores?A.WarmandoptimisticB.SadbutpositiveC.HumorousandironicD.Hopefulandidealistic(C)Whatdoesitsayaboutthefutureofmeatwhenthecountry,slargestprocessorofchicken,pork,andbeefbuysastake(股份)inastart-upthataimsto“perfectlyreplaceanimalproteinwithplantprotein”?TysonFoodsannouncedthisweekthatitpurchaseda5percentstakeinBeyondMeat,theSouthernCalifornia-basedfood-techstart-upthatmadeheadlinesearlierthisyearwithitsveggieburgerthatreportedlycooksandtasteslikerealbeef.6/11③Tobesure,BeyondMeat,smeatlesscreationshaveyettotakethecountrybystorm.Althoughthe100percentplant-basedburgershaveachievedplentyofpositivepresssincetheyappearedforthefirsttimeinMay,sofarthey,reonlyavailableatWholeFoodsstoresinsevenstates.Eventhoughthecompany's“chicken“strips,“beef'pies,andmeatlessfrozendinnersareavailablenationwide,BeyondMeatishardlyahouseholdname.ThatmaybewhatmakesthenewsofTyson,sinvestmentallthemorenoteworthy.Whilethetwocompaniesdeclinedtogivedetailsaboutthedeal,it,sdoubtfulthatTyson,s5percentstakemademuchofdent（凹陷）inthemeatgianfscoffers（金库）.Thecompanyposted$41.4billionissaleslastyear;priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathadreportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding--aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunchonanygivenday.Tysonisdoingprettygreat.Thecompanyreportedrecordthird-quarterearningpershareisAugustandsaysthatitexpectsoverallmeatproductiontoincrease2to3percentduringthenextfinancialyear.Butlikeabigoilcompanyshellingoutcashtoinvestinwindpower,Tyson'stoe-in-the-watermovetoteamupwithastart-updevotedtobringingmoreplant-basedproteintoAmericandinnertablesseemstosuggestthemeatindustryisstartingtoseewhichwaythewindsareblowing.Salesofplant-basedprotein,whichtotaledanestimated$5billionlastyear,continuetopalecomparedwiththemarketformeatinAmerica--butvegetarianalternativestomeatarebooming,withsalesgrowingatmorethandoubletherateforgoodproductsoverall.Thesteadydrumbeatofnewsaboutthenegativehealthimpacts,environmentalproblems,andanimalwelfareconcernsassociatedwithmeatconsumptionappearstobesinkingin.AccordingtoasurveyreleasedinApril,morethanhalfofAmericanssurveyedsaidtheyplantoeatmoreplant-basedfoodinthecomingyear.BeyondMeafsveggieburgermadeheadlinesprobablybecause.itmakesperfectuseofanimalproteinituseshightechinthemakingprocessittastesasgoodasagenuinebeefburgeritrepresentsthediettrendinSouthCaliforniaWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEregardingthestateofBeyondMeat?Itisthecreatorofthecountry,sfirst100percentplant-basedburgers.Ithasbeenwellreceivedasitsproductsareavailablenationwide.ItisfarfrombeingamatchtorealfoodprocessinggiantslikeTyson.7/11Itprovideshigh-qualitydiningexperienceinselectedWholeFoodsstores.Whatdoesthepaleinparagraph6mean?A.seemunimportantB.seemwhiteC.seemweakD.seemfaintWhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Meatwillstilltakeoverthemarkerinspiteofotheralternatives.AmajorAmericanmeatcompanyisbettingonplant-basedprotein.TysonandBeyondMeatworktogethertobuildaglobalmeatgiant.Plantshavebeenfoundtocontainproteinthatdoesmoregoodtohumanbeing.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankswithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencescanusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Onlysomeonewhohasneverconsideredhowextensivetheoutputsofscienceareinoursocietycouldwritesucha“silly”sentence.Sincesciencecostsmoretodothanartssubjects,morefundingshouldgotoscience.Itotallydisagreewithherpositionasascientist.Theextensiveoutputsofsciencemakeexpertsgettheconclusionandmadetheauthorwritethissentence.Itotallyagreewithherpositionasascientist.Sowhyarethehumanitiesimportanttome?WriteandjournalistCristinaOdonearousedwidespreadangerbysuggestingthatherdaughterwasbeingpressuredtotakescienceforgraduationexamsandthiswasunreasonableforachildwithaliterarybent.Sheevenclaimedthat“...thisfocusonSTEM[Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics]subjectssendsamessagethatmakesherandmeuncomfortable:doingaman,sworkismoreimpressivethandoingawoman's.”Likemanyothers,67Takingsciencetoage16shouldsimplybeseenaspartofobtainingawell-roundededucation.Furthermore,identifyingSTEMasaman,ssubjectleadsinparttoourseriouslackofvarietyinthescientificworkforce.Meanwhile,manymaleauthorsandpoetsmightbesurprisedtolearnthatliteratureis“woman,swork”.NovelistLucyEllmanoncewrote,“Thepurposeofartistsistoasktherightquestions,evenifwedon'tfindtheanswers,whereastheaimofscienceistoprovesomesillypoints.”Butprovingsomesillypointsmightsave8/11yourlife,lightyourhome,allowyoutosurftheweborvisityourrelativeslivingfaraway.68However,havingsaidthat,Iamnottryingtodenigratetheworkofthehumanities.Idonotseethisasaneither/orsituationbutit,sallpartofbeinghuman.Iadmireandappreciatethosewhotrytoexpressthingshardtobedescribedinwords,butissimplyisn,tmystrength.Imaywholeheartedlybelievethatscienceisvitalbutthatdoesn'tmeanIthinkthehumanities(orindeedthesocialsciences)arenot.69Thatstatementisnotequaltosayingthatthehumanitiesshouldnotbeproperlyfunded.Somehow,weareconstantlybeingputinopposition,adividethatisdamagingtobothscientistsandnon-scientists.70IwouldsayitisexactlybecauseIamhuman.IsithertypinglisteningtoaSchubertpianotrio.IhavebeenreadingEPThompson,sTheMakingoftheEnglishWorkingClasstotrytounderstandhowoursocietywasandistheshapeitis.Scientistsmaybecapableofdealingwiththeethicoftheirwork,buttheycannotandshouldnotanswerthequestionofwhetherweshoulddothisinisolation.II.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourwonwordsasfaraspossible.Wherearethebees?Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney,buttheyalsopollinatelargeareasofcrops,suchasstrawberries,applesandonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollinationofthebees.Unfortunately,beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate.In2006,beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapseDisaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive.InOctoberof2006,somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives.Thereweremanytheoriesofthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemostconvincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbe