Module3InterpersonalRelationships-FriendshipSectionⅡGrammar-动词-ing形式的完成式Word版含解析

Module3InterpersonalRelationships—FriendshipSectionⅡGrammar——动词­ing形式的完成式作状语和后接动词­ing形式或不定式的动词(词组)[语法图解][课文原句感知]①Iwastwelveand,havinglostallmyoldfriends,Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.②Havingbeenoperatedontheleg,hecan'twalkasusual.③Nothavingmadeadequatepreparations,theyputoffthesportsmeetingtillnextFriday.④Heofteninvitedmetojoinhisparticulargroup,andasaresult,Istartedgetting/togettoknowpeople.⑤Ilikelying/tolieonmybackstaringatthesky.⑥eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(a.Iremembermeetingherforthefirsttime.,b.Youmustremembertokeepintouch.))⑦eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(a.Iregretdoingthatnow.,b.IregrettosaythatIhavelosttouchwithfouror,fivefriends.))⑧eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(a.Hetriedtostandupbutfailed.,b.Let'strytellinghimaboutthesadnews.))[语法领悟](1)以上句中，①～③句中的黑体部分在句中作状语，④～⑧句中黑体部分在句中作宾语。(2)由①～③句可知，动词­ing形式的完成式为having_done，否定式为not_having_done，完成被动式为having_been_done。(3)④⑤句中，动词­ing形式与不定式作宾语意义相差不大。⑥(a，b)⑦(a，b)⑧(a，b)句中，动词­ing形式与不定式作宾语意义区别很大，其中⑥a句中作宾语的动词­ing形式的动作已经发生，⑥b句中作宾语的动词不定式的动作未发生。一、动词­ing形式的完成式作状语1．动词­ing形式的完成式作状语的基本用法。(1)基本形式：having＋过去分词否定形式：not＋having＋过去分词完成式的被动式：havingbeen＋过去分词(2)成分：动词­ing形式的完成式在句中可作状语，常表示时间、原因等。(3)功能：动词­ing形式的完成式作状语时，表示主动，即该动词与句子的主语有主动关系；同时表示完成，即该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Havinglivedinthecityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell.在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已经很熟悉。Nothavingfinishedthehomework,thepupildoesn'tdaretogotoschool.由于还没有完成作业，这个学生不敢去上学。Havingbeeninvitedtospeak,I'llstartmakingpreparationstomorrow.已经被邀请发表讲话，我明天将开始做些准备。2．动词­ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别。(1)动词­ing形式的一般式，作状语时与主句主语为主动关系，所表示的动作与主句谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。(2)动词­ing形式的完成式，作状语时与主句主语为主动关系，所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，常表示时间或原因。Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn'thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan'an.当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。(动词­ing形式的一般式作状语表示时间)Havinggotourtickets,wedrovetotheairporttoboardtheplane.买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。(动词­ing形式的完成式作状语，表示时间)[即学即练1](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Having_been_warned(warn)ofdangerinthestreetatnight,shehadtogohomewithafriendfollowingher.②Having_read(read)thechapterfourtimes,Ifinallyunderstoodtheauthor'stheory.(2)句型转换③Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,thelittleboybegantoplayInternetgames.→Having_finished_his_homework,_thelittleboybegantoplayInternetgames.④Ashehadbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.→Having_been_there_many_times,_heofferedtobeourguide.二、后接动词­ing形式或不定式的动词(词组)1．可用动词­ing形式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)常见的能用动词­ing形式作宾语的动词有：advise,admit,allow,avoid,consider,miss,keep,practice,finish,enjoy,appreciate,forbid,imagine,risk,suggest,mind,permit等。Icouldn'triskmissingthattrain.我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。Shesuggestedsellingyourhousetopaythedebt.她建议卖掉你的房子来抵债。(2)常见的能用动词­ing形式作宾语的动词词组有：lookforwardto,leadto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can'tstand,feellike,insiston,bebusyin,havedifficulty(in),spendtime(in)等。Heinsistsondoingphysicaltraining.他坚持体育锻炼。(3)advise,allow,forbid,permit等动词后可直接跟动词­ing形式作宾语，也可跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语。Wedon'talloweatingintheclassroom.我们不允许在教室里吃饭。Youcan'tallowfeartoimpacthowyouoperate.你不能让恐惧对你的行为方式有影响。[即学即练2]单句语法填空①Iappreciatehaving_been_given(give)theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.②Healwaysavoidstalking(talk)tome.③Wouldyoumindmyopening(open)thewindow?④Canyouimaginehimbecoming(become)famousasanactor?⑤Lydiadoesn'tfeellikestudying(study)abroad.Herparentsareold.2．可用动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)只接不定式而不接动词­ing形式的动词或短语有：afford(付得起);agree;apply;arrange;ask(要求);care(努力做);choose;decide;demand;desire(请求);determine;expect;hope;intend;manage;offer(主动提出);plan;prepare;pretend;promise;refuse;want(想要);wish等。Aftermuchdiscussiontheydecidedtoacceptouroffer.经过反复讨论，他们决定接受我们开的价。Shewalkeduptothedeskandaskedtoseethemanager.她走到办公桌前要求见经理。Sheappliedtobetransferred.她申请调动工作。[巧学助记]只接不定式作宾语的动词两个要求莫拒绝：demand,ask,refuse设法学会做决定：manage,learn,decide不能假装在选择：pretend,choose(2)能接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有：show,understand,tell,explain,teach,learn,know,ask,decide,wonder等。Hedidn'tknowhowtodealwiththeaccident.他不知道怎样处理这场事故。[名师点津]此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一致，否则用宾语从句。[即学即练3]完成句子①Heshowedushow_to_do_the_work.他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。②Idon'tknowwhat_to_do.我不知道做些什么。3．可用动词不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)下列动词(词组)后可跟不定式或动词­ing形式作宾语，但在意义上却有着明显的差别。remembereq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo记得要去做……,doing记得做过……))forgeteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo忘记去做……,doing忘记做过……))regreteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo对要做的感到遗憾……,doing后悔做过……))tryeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo尽力做……,doing尝试做……))meaneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo打算做……,doing意味着……))gooneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo继续做另一件事,doing继续做同一件事))Don'tforgettoturndownthegasafteranhourorso.别忘了过一个小时左右把煤气关小点儿。IshallneverforgetseeingtheGreatWallforthefirsttime.我永不会忘记第一次看见长城的情景。(2)有些动词(like,love,hate,begin,start,continue,intend等)既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，不定式表示特定的未来事件，动名词表示抽象的概念，但在许多情况下可以互换。Iintendstudying/tostudyabroad.我打算出国留学。(3)动词want,need,require作“需要”解，而且当物作主语时，常跟动名词作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义，如果跟不定式要用被动式。Theoldhouserequiresrepairing/toberepaired.那座旧房子需要修了。[即学即练4]单句语法填空①—Rememberto_return(return)thebooktome.—ButIrememberreturning(return)ittoyou.②Thedoctortriedto_cure(cure)thewomanofherillness,sohetriedtreating(treat)herwithanewmedicine.③—Thatwouldmeanwasting(waste)alotoflabor.—Really?Idon'tmeanto_waste(waste)anylabor.链接高考——单句语法填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantsto_prove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.2．(2017·江苏)ManyChinesebrands,having_developed(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillincludeintroducing(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120­pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.4．(2015·陕西)AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestS