2020年高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars

#Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars固考基•知识梳理I单词坦唔句型分类盘点 ［［单词拼写应用］核心单词atmospheren.大气层；气氛solar〃的•.太阳的；日光的thusadv.因此；于是gentle”办温和的；文雅的climaten.气候crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物systemn.系统；体系；制度theoryn.学说；理论运用］用所给词的适当形式填空。Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(crash)intothebackofabus.Hefoundsomethingfloating(float)onthelake,whichfrightenedhim.However,hewasthegentlest(gentle)manIhaveeverknown.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulled(pull)upachair.(2017。全国卷ni)Wearelookingatthebenefitsofsystems(system)whichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.拓展单词globen.球体；地球仪；地球一globalad：全球性的；全世界的violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的fviolencen.暴力fvolenlyadv.暴力地；猛烈地likevt.喜欢prep.像fdislikevt.不喜欢；讨厌flikelyadj.可能的funlikeprep.与 不同；不像harmn.&vt.伤害fharmfuladj.有害的fharmlessadj.无害的existvi.存在；生存fexistencen.存在；生存puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题fpuzzledadj.感到困惑的fpuzzlingadj.令人困惑的religionn.宗教；宗教信仰freligiousadj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的biologyn.生物学fbiologistn.生物学家reactv.反应freactionn.反应；回应［语境运用］用所给词的适当形式填空。Therewasapuzzledlookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecauseapuzzlingproblempuzzledher.(puzzle)Lastnightwehadadiscussion,whichbecamemoreandmoreviolent.Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneveruseviolencewhateverhappens.(violent)Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydoharmtoyourphysicalhealth,butitisalsoharmfultoyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharminadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbutmeanwhileherespectsothers'religiousfreedom.(religion)Unlikeme,myyoungerbrother,atallandstrongyoungman,likesplayingbasketballverymuch.ItislikelythathewillbecomeaYaoMinginthefuture.(like)阅读词汇fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的chainn.链子；连锁；锁链acidn.酸multiplyv.乘；增加gravityn.万有引力；重力exhaustvt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽satelliten.卫星；人造卫星spaceshipn.宇宙飞船astronomyn.天文学carbonn.碳拓展联想.un-前缀高频形容词集锦①unlike不像的②unfair 不公平的③unimportant 不重要的④unusual 不寻常的⑤unhappy不幸福的⑥unfortunate不幸运的⑦unnecessary不需要的.以-ful结尾的形容词①harmful有害的②useful有用的③helpful有帮助的④powerful强大的⑤careful小心的⑥forgetful健忘的⑦sorrowful悲伤的.后缀-ist名词荟萃①biologist生物学家②tourist旅游者；游客③physicist物理学家©scientist科学家⑤psychologist心理学家©specialist专家⑦artist艺术家熟词生义你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？

（2017・浙江卷）Macheardalargevehiclebehindhim.Hepulledinfrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow.停车2．Asweknow，Japan，madeupofachainofislandsthatlieoffthecoastofAsia，isacountrywherenaturaldisastersoccurfrequently.一系列；一连串3．Smallbusinessesarefindingithardtosurviveinthepresenteconomicclimate.环境［短语多维应用］高频短语.in_time及时；终于prevent_...from阻止；制止now_that既然cheer_up感到高兴；感到振奋lay_eggs下蛋give_birth_to产生；分娩［语境运用］选用左边短语的适当形式填空。①Now_thatweallunderstandthatthehazeisharmfultoourhealth,weshouldtakeeffectivemeasuresto②preventit③fromgettingfrombadtoworse.Nomatterwhathappens,wemust④cheer_upandtrytoreducethepollution.Ifwekeepon,we'llsucceed⑤in_time.高频短语n_one's_turn轮到某人watch_out_for密切注意；当心；提防depend_on依靠；取决于break_out突发；爆发block_out挡住（光线）get_the_hang_of熟悉；掌握；理解at_midnight在午夜［语境运用］选用左边短语的适当形式填空。Afire⑥broke_outinthebuildinglastnight.Luckily,thefirefightersarrivedintimeandputoutthefire.Wewerewarnedto⑦watch_out_forelectricityandgaswhencookingourmeals.Thankstothefirefighters'help,wewerenotinjured.Theyarethementhatwecan⑧depend_onwhenweareintrouble.

1.表达“小心；当心”④becareful 小拓的高频短语荟萃②stop/preventsb.from心doingsth.展①watchout(for)2.“v・・・.from”表“阻③bansb.fromdoingsth.联小心；当心止，禁止”短语 …④keepsb.fromdoing想②lookout 当心③takecare 小心①discouragesb.fromsth.doingsth.［句式结构仿写］教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.whether・・・ornot是否 。Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。It'snotclearwhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughcommunicationor_not.2.makeit+adj.+todosth.。Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.我精通英语，这使我更容易找到一份好工作。IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,whichmakes_it_easier_for_me_to_findagoodjob.3.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as。ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我这次能成功。Idevotedthree_times_as_much_time_and_energy_asIdidbefore,soIbelieveIwillsucceedthistime.4.形容词作伴随状语。Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.他在风雪中待了七天，又冷又饿。Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow,cold_and_hungry.

析考点•重难探究I3频考点详剖细解拓展;*精讲3个考纲单词harmfuladj.有害的(1)单句语法填空①Asweallknow,abadeatinghabitisharmful(harm)toone'shealth.②AsfarasI'mconcerned,thereisnoharminmakinganapologytohimfirst.(2)［链接写作］——一句多译众所周知,过量喝酒对你的健康有害。①Itisknowntousthatdrinkingtoomuchis_harmful_to_yourhealth,(harmful)②Itisknowntousthatdrinkingtoomuchdoes_harm_to_your_health,(harmn,)先理解再牢记⑴beharmfultosb./sth.对某人/某物有害对某人有害do/causeharmtosb.对某人有害⑵L,do/causesb.harm(3),Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没Itdoesnoharmtodosth. 有坏处(3)［佳句背诵］Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarecommon,causing/doingseriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment.exist优.存在；生存(1)单句语法填空①Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist).②Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexisting(exist)onthemoneyheisearning.Thereexistsawiderangeofdifferentopinionsamongthecommitteemembers.(2)［链接写作］——完成句子虽然许多人有了汽车，但是停车却是个现存的问题。Manypeoplehavecarsoftheirownbutparkingis_an_existing_problem.先理解再牢记(1)existin...存在于……之中existon...靠……为生Thereexists…某地有 ；存在 (2)existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing峭.现存的；现行的［名师点津］exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。existing是只作定语的形容词。3.puzzlevt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困；感到迷惑n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜(1)单句语法填空①Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsuchapuzzlingquestion,shestoodtherewithapuzzledlookonherface.(puzzle)②Shelostheartsinceshefailedintheexam,becauseherfuturewaspuzzling(puzzle)．Thepolicearestillpuzzlingabout/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.(2)［链接写作］——完成句子事实上,困扰你的事情对于中国的许多父母来说也是一个难题。What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_tomanyparentsinChina.先理解再牢记(1)puzzleabout/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)apuzzletosb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzlingM/.令人迷惑的(4)puzzled〃的•.迷惑不解的；困惑的bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解［名师点津］以-ed结尾的形容词，如puzzled,confused，frightened，excited，surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look,voice,smile,expression,face等。诠释3个核心短语intime及时；终于；迟早⑴单句语法填空 魏gAllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.②(2016。全国卷ni)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.③Luckily,Iadaptedtothenewsurroundingsandeverythingreturnedtonormalinnotime.⑵［链接写作］——完成句子我坚信我们的努力迟早会有所回报。Iholdthefirmbeliefthatoureffortswill_pay_off_sooner_or_later/intime.先理解再牢记(1)innotime立亥九；马上atnotime决不(位于句首时,句子须用部分倒装结构)atatime每次；一次attimes有时，偶尔atonetime曾经；一度atthesametime同时fromtimetotime有时；偶尔(2)takeone'stime别着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间none'sturn轮到某人⑴单句语法填空 ■源兼①Atthemeetingtheytookturnsto_put(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.Theoryisbasedonpracticeand_inturnservespractice.（2）［链接写作］——一句多译两个女儿轮流照顾生病的母亲。①Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherby_turns.Thetwodaughterstook_turns_tolookaftertheirsickmother.先理解再牢记inturn依次；轮流；反之；反过来byturns轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事［佳句背诵］Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars，whichinturncreatesmoreproblems.3.cheerup(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋(1)单句语法填空①CheerMaryup,andthingswillworkoutforthebest.②Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstilltheretocheeronherfriendsandpraisetheiraccomplishments.(2)［链接写作］——词汇升级（普通表达）WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestomakemehappy.（高级表达）WhenI'mfeelingdepressed,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheer_me_up.先理解再牢记(1)cheersb.up使某人振作起来cheersb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheerfor为……而欢呼(2)Cheers!［口语］(用于祝酒)干杯！［佳句背诵］Idohopeshecancheerupandacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!突破2个高考句型whichmade_it1．(教材P26)Thisproducedachainreaction，possible_for_life_to_develop.whichmade_it这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。［要点提炼］makeit+adj./n.+forsb.todosth.,其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是动词不定式。(1)单句语法填空①Peopleinthewestmakeitaruleto_buy(buy)Christmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.②Iconsideritnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.(2)［链接写作］——一句多译随着一天天过去，我发现很难和他相处。①Withdaysgoingby,Ifound(that)_it_was_hard_to_Ret_alongwellwithhim.(宾语从句)②Withdaysgoingby,Ifoundit_hard_to_get_alongwellwithhim.(不定式作宾语)先理解再牢记⑴make+it+形容词/名词+that从句make+it+形容词/名词+todo不定式make＋it＋nogood/nouse...＋doingsth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think,consider,find,feel等。2.(教材P31)ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwice_as_far_asontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。［要点提炼］twiceasfaras…是倍数的一种表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。(1)单句语法填空①Thisbigstoneisthreetimesasheavy(heavy)asthatone.②Therearefourtimesmore(many)booksinourlibrarythaninyours.(2)［链接写作］——一句多译正在修建的教学楼是那栋教学楼的三倍高。Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_as_high_asthatone.(high)Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_higher_thanthatone.(higher)Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_the_height_ofthatone.(height)先理解再牢记英语中常见的倍数表达法：A+be+倍数+as+原级+asBA+be+倍数+比较级+thanBA+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length…)+ofBA+倍数+what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”［名师点津］在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+times"。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。提考能•素养达标I追本二原江e接轨高考【单句练习一夯实基础】।.单句语法填空Thewomanphysicistgave(give)birthtoafinehealthygirllastyear.Noonecanaccountforthereasonwhythefirebroke(break)outsosuddenly.Thetwotheories(theory)heputforwardfinallyprovedscientific.Asisknowntous,thePeople'sRepublicofChinacameintoexistence(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.Notallpeopleareawareofthevariouseffectsofglobal(globe)warmingonEarth.Itdoesn'tmattermuchwhetherTomwillcometothepartyornottonight.Newtonwasoneofthegreatestphysicists(physics)intheworldandmanypeopleadmirehimverymuch.Unlike(like)mostpeopleintheofficewhocometoworkbycar,Iusuallycometoworkbybus.Theconversationwascarriedon_inaharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphere.Thenewteackingbuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbethreetimeshiggerthanthepresentone.II.单句改错.Thesunheatstheearthwhichmakespossibleforplantstogrow.makes后力口it.Wanderinginthecountryside，Icouldfeelthewindgentleblowingthroughmyhair.gentle—gently.Thereissomuchrainontheislandthatitsannualrainfallreachesasmanyassixtyinches.many—much.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherethathisemployeesenjoytheirwork.that—where.Thetwinbrothersstoodunderthetree，puzzlingandsayingnothing.puzzling—puzzled【语篇缘习一提升能力】.课文语法填空根据P25.26课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theearthwasjustacloudofdust1.whosefutureisuncertainafterthe“BigBang”.Thenthedustbegantosettleintoasolidballwhichwasso2.violent(violence)andexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintime3.to_produce(produce)manythings，whichmadetheearth'satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown，waterbegantoappearanditallowedtheearthtodissolve4.harmful(harm)gases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater，smallplantsappeared.Theymultipliedand5.filled(fill)theoceansandseaswithoxygen.Land6.animals(animal)followedafterthefirstgreenplantsappeared.Thensmallcleveranimalsspreadal7.overtheearth.Humansdevelopednewmeansofgrowing，huntingandmovingaround.Astimewentbytheycoveredtheearth.Nowtoomuchcarbondioxidehasbeenputintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfrom8.escaping(escape)fromtheearthintospace.As9.aresult,theproblemofglobalwarmingoccurs.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyears10.to_come(come)willdependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved..写作改错双练根据提