职称英语-职称英语理工类a级模拟11

职称英语理工类A级模拟11

第1部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给

的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1>Whentheybuiltthisofficeblock,theygavenoconsiderationtopeoplein

wheelchairs.

A.wonderB.advice

C.thoughtD.request

2、Thatfenceoverthereformstheboundarybetweenourgardenandourneighbours

A.dividinglineB.frontier

C.borderD.front

3、Theteachercouldn11toleratetheboy1sbadbehaviouranylonger.

A.putupB.putout

C.putupwithD.putoff

4、Ifyouthinkthatyoucanneverreplacethatpricelesspainting,don11

despair,Allisnotlost!

A.cryB.5.makeanoise

C.losehopeD.bedesperate

5、Allthestudentsinoursportsteamsareveryathletic.

A.fitB.strong

C.fastD.physical

6、Theirbusinesswassuccessfulastheynowhadacompatibleboardofdirectors.

A.experiencedB.competitive

C.harmoniousD.powerful

7、Parentshavebecomeincreasinqlyconcernedaboutthetelevisionviewinghabits

oftheirchildren.

A.interestedinB.worriedabout

C.disappointedwithD.indifferentto

8、Sincetheadventofthemotorcar,roadaccidentshaveincreaseddramatically.

A.approachB.inauguration

C.introductionD.initiation

9、Laurawasabsolutelyconfusedbythepuzzle.

A.perplexedB.entangled

C.fascinatedD.masked

10>Whenmoneywasneededforfloodreliefortobuilddams,themoneyhad

tocomefromthefederalgovernment,sincetherewerenolocalfundstomake

useof.

A.drawoutB.drawtogether

C.drawonD.drawoff

11>Majordevelopmentalthrusts,or"waves'*asAlvinTofflercallsthem,follow

eachotherinsuccession,eachaddingavitalnewaspect.

A.viewpointB.dimension

C.appearanceD.attitude

12>Herregularprimarycaredoctorsetasidehercomplaintswithasmile.

A.discussedB.dispensed

C.dispatchedD.dismissed

13、Uptonow,wehavetoleratedself-destructivebehaviorandenvironmental

vandalismonaglobalscale.

A..TodateB.Untilthen

C.AtpresentD.Nowthat

14、Ifyoufindandcureeverybodywhohasthedisease,youcancurbtheepidemic

initstracks.

A.quitB.halt

C.assistD.hail

15、Someprofessionalfootballersearnmoreinamonththanmanyofusdoin

manyyears.

A.doB.win

C.gainD.receive

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如

果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该

句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。

PeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandfaceaseriousproblem.

In1993ztheownersofalargehotelandofseveralhousesdiscovered,to

theirhorror,thattheirgardenshaddisappearedovernight.Theseahadeaten

intothesoftlimestonecliffsonwhichtheyhadbeenbuilt.Whileexperts

werestudyingtheproblem,thehotelandseveralhousesdisappearedaltogether,

slidingdownthecliffandintothesea.

Erosion（侵略蚀）ofthewhitecliffsalongthesouthcoastofEnglandhas

alwaysbeenaproblembutithasbecomemoreseriousinrecentyears.Dozens

ofhomeshavehadtobeabandonedastheseahascreptfartherandfarther

inland.Expertshavestudiedtheareasmostaffectedandhavedrawnupamap

forlocalpeople,forecastingtheyearinwhichtheirhomeswillbeswallowed

upbythehungrysea.

AngryownershavecalledontheGovernmenttoerectseadefensestoprotect

theirhomes.Governmentsurveyorshavepointedoutthatinmostcases,this

isimpossible.Newseawallswouldcosthundredsofmillionsofpoundsand

wouldmerelymakethewavesandcurrentsgofurtheralongthecoast,shifting

theproblemfromoneareatoanother.Thedangerislikelytocontinue,they

say,untilthewavesreachaninlandareaofhardrockwhichwillnotbeeaten

aslimestoneis.Meanwhile,ifyouwanttobuyacheaphousewithanuncertain

futurezapplytoahouseagentinoneofthethreatenedareasonthesouth

coastofEngland.Youcangetahouseforaknockdownpricebutitmayturn

outtobeaknockdownhome.

16、Therisingofthesealevelisthecauseoftheproblemthatpeopleliving

onpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandface.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>TheerosionofthewhitecliffsinthesouthofEnglandhasnowbecome

athreattothelocalresidents.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Theerosioncanbestoppedifpropermeasuresaretaken.

A.RightB.WrongC.Not

mentioned

19>Theexperts1studyontheproblemoferosioncanwarnpeoplewhosehomes

areindanger.

A.RightB.WrongC.Not

mentioned

20、Thedisappearanceofhotels,housesandgardenswillsoonbecomeaproblem

forpeoplelivingincentralEngland.

A.RightB.WrongC.Not

mentioned

21、Itisnotfeasibletobuildseadefensetoprotectagainsterosionbecause

itistoocostlyandwillendangerneighboringareas.

A.RightB.WrongC.Not

mentioned

22>Accordingtotheauthor,whenbuyingahousealongthesouthcoastofEngland,

peopleshouldguardagainstbeingcheatedbythehouseagent.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为

规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确

选项，分别完成每个句子。

Humanwantsseemendless.Whenastarvingmangetsamealzhebeginsto

thinkaboutanovercoat；whenanexecutivegetsanewsportscar,visions

ofcountryclubsandpleasureboatsdanceintoview.

2.Themanywantsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.

Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofwantszanotherlevelappears.

3.Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofwantsinvolvesfood.Oncethiswant

issatisfied,asecondlevelofwantsappears：clothingandsometortofshelter.

BytheendofWorldWarUthesewantsweresatisfiedforagreatmajority

ofAmerican.Thenathirdlevelappeared.Itineludedsuchitemsasautomobiles

andnewhouses.

4.By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofwantswasfairlywellsatisfied.

Then,inthelate1950safourthlevelofwantsappeared：the*'lifeenriching"

level.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction——thefeeding,

comfort,safety,andtransportationofthehumanbody——thislevelstresses

mentalneedsforrecognition,achivementandhappiness.

5.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbe

called"luxurynitems.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebestmedicaland

dentalcare,andentertainment.Alsoincludedfancyfoodsandthelateststyles

inclothing.Onthefourthlevel,agreaterpercentageofconsumers*spending

goestoservices,whichonthefirstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.

6.Afifthlevelprobablywouldinvolvewantsthatcanbeachievedbest

bycomunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernment

actionagainstdiseasezignorance,crimeandprejudice.Afterfillingour

stomachs,ourclothesclosets,ourgarageszourteeth,andourmindszwenow

mayseektoensurethehealth,safetyandleisuretoenjoymorefullythe

goodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.

23、Paragraph3_______

24、Paragraph4_______

25、Paragraph5_______

26、Paragraph6_______

A.OntheFourthLevel,ConsumersSpendMoreonLuxuriesAndPersonalServices

B.AGoodServiceIsRelatedtonPhysicalSatisfaction*1

C.TheFifthLevelMay]BeALotMoreDesirableThantheFirstFour

D.BytheEndofWorldWarIIMostAmericansDidn*tOwnAutomobiles

E.TheFirstThreeLevelsofWantsInvolvePhysicalSatisfaction

F.TheFourthLevelofWantsInvolvesMentalSatisfaction

27、Manwillbegintothinkaboutsuchneedsashousingandclothingonly

when.

28、By1957or1958mostAmericans.

29、Clothingandsomesortofshelterare.

30、Afamilycarisnotrelatedto.

A.themainconcernofmanonthesecondlevel.

B.hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthreelevels.

C.hehassatisfiedhishunger.

D.littlebetterthangoodservice.

E.mentalsatisfaction.

F.liveinpoverty.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短

文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

弟扁

ToliveintheUntiedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf1

sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplication

ofknowledgeforpracticalendszisamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation；

itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasa

physicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproduce

machineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabird

lookingforanobjectonwhichtorestzaspearorrobotservesthepurpose

equallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttle（挑战者号航天飞机）

andtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanquality

oftechnology；theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywent

haywire（变得1昆乱）andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnology

isahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimists

worrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselves

topieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehave

managedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosoin

theyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactoftechnologyonour

livesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldeve1opmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthan

thecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecialized

machinesthatcandothetasksthatonceonlypeoplecoulddo.Therearethose

whoassertthattheswitchtoaninformationbasedeconomyisinthesamecamp

asothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.

YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthat

itwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryis

thatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,through

massproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethe

structureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopen

newpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheindustrialRevolution

supplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanical

methods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesome

aspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacity

ofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresents

itsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredicting

theimpactonsociety.

31>Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit.

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject

B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell

C.isutilizedbyman

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal

32、TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorserve

toshowthat_______.

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroy

ourworld

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit

C.technologyusuallygoeswrongzifnotcontrolledbyman

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror

33、Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolution

mainlybecause.

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety

1

34、Byusingthephrase"thehumanqualityoftechnology*(Line5zPara.2),

theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology_______.

A.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind

D.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld

35、Thepassageisbasedontheauthor1s.

A.keeninsightintothenatureoftechnology

B.prejudicedcriticismoftheroleoftheIndustrialRevolution

C.cautiousanalysisofthereplacementofthehumanmindbycomputers

D.exaggerateddescriptionofthenegativeconsequencesoftechnology

弟一^扁

Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistory

ofhumanknowledge.Fornotmanythousandsofyearsitwastheonefield

ofawarenessaboutwhichhumanshadanythingmorethanthevaguestofinsights(T

解).ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknew

aboutplants.Butfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthat

stillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremely

ancient.Thisislogical.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforall

livingthings,evenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportant

tothewelfareofpeoples,notonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,

tools,dyeszmedicines,shelter,andagreatmanyotherpurposes.Tribesliving

todayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizeliterallyhundredsofplants

andknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotany,assuch,hasnonameand

isprobab-lynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchof"knowledge"atall.

Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecome,thefartherawaywemove

fromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotany

grows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanical

knowledgezandfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid.

WhenourNeolithicancestorszlivingintheMiddleEastabout10,000years

age,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplanted

forricheryieldsthenextseason,thefirstgreatstepinanewassociation

ofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowed

themarvelofagriculture：cultivatedcrops.Fromthenon,humanswould

increasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,

ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarie-ties

thatgrewwildandtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyears

ofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.

36、Itisassumedinthepassagethatearlyhumans.

A.probablyhadextensiveknowledgeofplants

B.thoughttherewasnoneedtocultivatecrops

C.didnotenjoythestudyofbotany

D.placedgreatimportanceontheownershipofproperty

37>ThecommentnThisislogicalninLine7means.

A.thereisnoclearwaytodeterminetheextentofourancestors*knowledge

ofplants

B.itisnotsurprisingthatearlyhumanshadadetailedknowledgeof

plants

C.itisreasonabletoassumethatourancestorsbehavedverymuchlike

peopleinpreindustrialsocieties

D.humanknowledgeofplantsiswellorganizedandverydetailed

38、Accordingtothepassage,thegeneralknowledgeofbotanybegantofade

because.

A.peoplenolongervalueplantsasausefulresource

B.botanyisnotrecognizedasaspecialbranchofscience

C.researchisunabletokeepupwith*theincreasingnumbersofplants

D.directcontactwithavarietyofplantshasdecreased

39、Theauthormentions"arose,anapple,oranorchid"inorderto

A.makethepassagemorepoetic

B.citeexamplesofplantsthatareattractive

C.givebotanicalexamplesthatallreaderswillrecognize

D.illustratethediversityofbotanicallife

40、Accordingtothepassage,thefirstgreatsteptowardthepracticeof

agricultureis

A.theinventionofagriculturalimplementsandmachinery

B.thedevelopmentofasystemofnamesforplants

C,thediscoveryofgrassesthatcouldbeharvestedandreplaced

D.thechangingdietsofearlyhumans

--^植

Therearetwogreatmysteriesaboutthebeach.Oneiswhyhumanbeings

flocktherebythousandszonlytoprostratethemselvesindensepacks

ofglisteningflesh.Theotheriswhythesandgoesthere.Strangeasitseemsz

oceanographershaveneverreallyunderstoodwhysandpilesupontheshore.

NowDouglasInmanandDanielConleythinktheyhavesolvedthepuzzle.

Thepuzzlehadtodowithwaves.Thoughitmightseemintuitivethatwaves

1

carrywatertoshore,andsandalongwithitzitsnotthatsimple.Thecrest（浪

尖）ofapassingwaveliftsagivenhitofwaterupwardandlandward,butthe

ensuingtrough（波谷）pushesthewaterbackdownandOuttosea.Nearthebottom,

therethesandiszthewaterwasalwaysassumedtojustslidebackandforth—and

thesandwithit."Ifyoutakeaveryalooflookatabeach,"saysInman,

nyou111realizethatifthetwomotionsmovesandbackandforththesame

amount,thenallthesandshouldendupindeepwater.,

Soforbeachestoexist,thecrest1sonshoreflowmustsomehowmoveenough

sandupthebeachtocountertheseawardtugofboththetroughandgravity.

Thepressurechangesinthesandbed,InmanandConleythink,arethekey

tobeachcreation.Theyfoundthatsanddoesn*tjustslidebackandforth

witheachpassingwave.Underatrough,itdoesslideseaward,inathin

layerjustabovethebottom.Butunderacrestitsmovementisoftenmore

elaborate.Thehigherpressureunderacrest—higherbecausethewateris

piledhigher—forceswaterintotheporous（多孑1的）sand.Thiscreatesstrong

whirlpoolsjustabovethesand,whichhelploosenit.Asthecrestpasses

overhead,thesandfirstrushesacrossthebottom；thenitabruptlyturns

violentliftingoffthebottominlarge,boilingbunches.Finally,justafter

thecrestpasses,thesandexplodesupintothegreatwatercolumn.Theboiling

andrushingmovemoresandthanthebackslidingunderatrough,sothere*s

anetmovementofsandtowardtheshore.

41、Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?

A.Toexplainwhysandpilesuponthebeaches.

B.Toexplainwhymenonlyprostrateinthesea.

C.Toproposeanewexplanationofaphenomenon.

D.Torefuteamisconception.

42、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Tilepressurechangesinthesandbedarethemostimportantfactor

inthecreationofbeach.

B.Thecrestpusheswaterse