上海市某高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底测试英语试卷(含详解)

2022-2023学年上海市杨浦高级中学高三上学期摸底考试

英语试卷

I.Listeningcomprehension

略

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

ThefirsttimeIinvitedagoodfriendnotjustovertobutintomyhouse,post-vaccination,withoutmasks,I

couldn'tevenwaituntilshewalkeduptomydoor——Iranoutsidetogreether,andwehuggedeachotherinthe

driveway.Webothheldontight,aswetookturnsexclaiminghowgooditwastoseeeachother.We1(not

hang)outinpersonsinceJanuary2020,andofcourseIwaslookingforwardtotalking,sharingameal,catchingup

onallhernews—butsomehowIfeltthat2anyofthathappened,Iwouldalsogettohugher.Itwasmy

firsthugfromafriendinmorethanayear,andareminderofjusthow3(comfort)agoodhugcanbe.

I'vebeenahugersincemiddleschool,whenmyfriendsandI4embracebetweenclassesinthehall

asthoughwehadn9tjustseenoneanotherthedaybefore.Inhighschool,IvolunteeredataGirlScoutscampevery

summer,andattheendofeachsession,manyofourcamperswouldseekusout5(say)goodbye.My

fellowcounselorsandIwouldtypicallyoffer6achoice:Hug,handshakeorhighfive?Mostofthekids

wouldchooseahug.Buttherewerealwaysatleastafew7wouldoptforahandshake,attimesdelivered

sosolemnlythatIfeltlikeweweregoingintobusinesstogether,orahighfive,someslappingsohardthatmyhand

8(hurt).Ialwaysappreciatedthisritual,especiallytheindividualask,forthesimplereason9it

allowedmetothinkaboutandhonoreachcamper?swishes.AsIventureoutfrommypandemicbubble,Ihopeto

bringthesamekindofintentionalitytoeverymuchl0(anticipate)reunion.

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.criticsB.digitalC.instinctD.loweredE.marchedF.migrants

G.optionsH.potentialI.uneaseJ.withdrawnK.worries

WhenElSalvador（萨尔瓦多）madebitcoinalegalcurrencyonSeptember7,itbecamethefirstnationinthe

worldtodoso.

Bitcoinisdecentralized,11moneythatcanbesentfromusertouseronthebitcoinnetwork.Itsvalue

isnotsupportedbyanycountry'scentralbank.

PresidentNayibBukelepraisedtheuseofbitcoinforits12tohelpSalvadoranslivingabroadtosend

moneybackhome,whilesayingtheU.S.dollarwouldcontinueaslegaltender（法定货币）.Inpractice,Salvador

doesnothaveitsowncurrency.

Inthecapital,SanSalvador,reactionsweremixed,withsomeexcitedthatthenewcurrencycouldincrease

prosperityandfinancial13.Otherswereskeptical（怀疑的）.

ThegovernmentofBukeleplacedoneof200bankingmachinesatthe44ExcuarteF,market.Theywere

supposedtopermitbitcoinstobe14orchangedintoU.S.dollarswithoutpayingextracosts.Sellersof

goodswereangrythatofficialsdidn'texplainhowitwouldwork.Thefeelingof15extendedbeyondSan

Salvador's"Excuartel“marketintotheCentralAmericancountryof6.4millionpeople.

InJuly,threeoutoffourSalvadoranswereconcernedaboutthebitcoinplan;publicopinionresearchshowed.

Later,about300protesters16onElSalvador'sCongresstodemandthatthenewbitcoinlawbestopped.

SinceElSalvadorstartedusingtheU.S.dollarasitscurrencyin2001,inflation（通货膨胀）hasbeenjusttwo

percent,oneofthelowestinLatinAmerica.Higherinflation,17argue,couldcomefromtheuseofbitcoin

becauseitsvaluechangedoftenandbylargeamounts.

TheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFundhavepointedtoenvironmentalandtransparency（透明

度）18overtheuseofbitcoin.Afterthebitcoinlawpassed,creditratingagencyMoody's19El

Salvador'screditrating.

Hanke,oneprotester,believedthatBukele'sideaswouldendwitheconomicproblems.'TortheUnitedStates,

thiswouldmeanyetanotherwaveof20fromanunstableCentralAmericanfailedstate,hesaid.

IILReadingComprehensions

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Deliberationisnotalwaysthebestoption

Humanshavedevelopedovermillionsofyearsofevolutiontorespondtocertainsituationswithoutthinking

toohard.Ifyourancestors21movementintheundergrowth,theywouldrunfirstandaskquestions

later.Atthesametime,the22toanalyseandtoplanispartofwhatdistinguishespeoplefromotheranimals.

Thequestionofwhentotrustyourgul（直觉）andwhentotestyour23-whethertothinkfastorslow,

inthelanguageofDanielKahneman,apsychologist_24intheofficeasmuchasitdoesinthesavannah（大

草原）.

Deliberativethinkingisthefeatureofawell-managedworkplace.Strategicchangesandbudgetdiscussions

arebuiltonroundsofmeetings,memos,formulasandpresentations.Processesareincreasinglydesignedto

25instinctiveresponses.Fromblindscreeningofjobapplicantstousing4tred-teaming^^techniquestopick

apartafirm'splans,precision26instinct.

Yetinstinctalsohasitsplace.Somedecisionsaremoreconnectedtoemotionalresponsesandinherently（固有

的）less27toanalysis.Doesamarketingcampaigncapturethe28ofyourcompany,say,orwould

thispersonworkwellwithotherpeopleinateam?In29customer-servicesituations,intuitionisoftena

betterguidetohowtobehavethanascript.

Gutinstinctscanalsobe30.Plentyofresearchhasshownthatintuitionbecomesmoreunfailing

withexperience.Inonewell-knownexperiment,conductedin2012,volunteerswereaskedto31whether

aselectionofdesignerhandbagswerefakeorreal.Somewereinstructedtooperateoninstinctandothersto

deliberateovertheirdecision.Intuitionworkedbetterforthosewhoownedatleastthreedesignerhandbags;

indeed,it32analysis.Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryourinstinctstendtobe.

33.therealreasontoembracefastthinkingisthatitis,well,fast.Instinctivedecision-makingis

oftentheonlywaytogetthroughtheday.ResearchersatCornellUniversityonceestimatedthatpeoplemakeover

200decisionsadayaboutfoodalone.Theworkplaceis34butasuccessionofchoices,afewbigand

manysmall:whatto35.whentointervene,whomtoavoidintheliftsand,now,wheretoworkeachday.

21.A.uncoveredB.spottedC.blockedD.encountered

22.A.capacityB.motiveC.reluctanceD.urge

23.A.consultationB.anticipationC.assumptionsD.reaction

24.A.integratesB.mattersC.worksD.abuses

25.A.bringoutB.pickoutC.makeoutD.stampout

26.A.equalsB.comprisesC.beatsD.boosts

27.A.manageableB.adaptableC.familiarD.sensitive

28.A.attentionB.opportunityC.statusD.essence

29.A.roughB.toughC.nervousD.neutral

30.A.improvedB.copiedC.transferredD.weakened

31.A.ensureB.extinguishC.clarifyD.assess

32.A.undertookB.outperformedC.facilitatedD.paralleled

33.A.LikewiseB.HoweverC.ConsequentlyD.Moreover

34.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything

35.A.cooperateB.prioritizeC.convinceD.strive

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

theonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

Iwasatthefuneralofmydearestfriend-mymother.Shefinallyhadlostherlongbattlewithcancer.Thehurt

wassointense;Ifoundithardtobreatheattimes.Alwayssupportive,Motherclappedloudestatmyschoolplays,

heldtheboxoftissueswhilelisteningtomyfirstheartbreak,comfortedmeatmyfather'sdeath,andprayedforme

myentirelife.

Whenmother'sillnesswasdiagnosed,mysisterhadanewbabyandmybrotherhadrecentlymarriedhis

childhoodsweetheart,soitfellonme,the27-year-oldmiddlechild,totakecareofher.Icounteditanhonor.My

placehadbeenwithourmother,preparinghermeals,takinghertothedoctor,readingtheBibletogether.Nowshe

wasinheaven.Myworkwasfinished,butIwasalone.

Deepinsorrow,suddenly,Iheardadooropenandslamshutatthebackofthechurch.Quickfootstepshurried

alongthecarpetedfloor.Ayoungmanlookedaroundbrieflyandthensatnexttome.Hefoldedhishandsand

placedthemonhislap.Hiseyesstartedtobefilledwithtears.

"I'mlate,^^heexplained,thoughnoexplanationwasnecessary.

Afterseveraleulogies（悼词）,heleanedoverandcommented,t4WhydotheykeepcallingMarybythenameof

Margaret?^^

"Becausethatwashername,Margaret.NeverMary.^^Iwhispered,wonderingwhothestrangerwasanyway.

"Isn'tthistheLutheranchurch?^^

“No,theLutheranchurchisacrossthestreet.^^

“Oh...”

“Ibelieveyou'reatthewrongfuneral,Sir.^^

Thesolemnness（庄重）oftheoccasionmixedwiththerealizationoftheman'smistakebubbledupinsideme

andcameoutaslaughter.Sharplooksfromothermourner(哀'悼者)onlymadethesituationseemmorestupid.

Ipeekedattheconfused,misguidedmanseatedbesideme.Hewaslaughingtoo,asheglancedaround,decidingit

wastoolateforanuneventfulexit.IimaginedMotherlaughing.

Atthefinal“Amen,“werushedoutadoorandintotheparkinglot."Idobelievewe'llbethetalkofthetown.

Bytheway,mynameisRick,“hesmiled.

Thatafternoonbeganalifelongjourneyformewiththismanwhoattendedthewrongfuneralbutwasinthe

rightplace.Ayearafterourmeeting,weweremarriedatacountrychurch.Thistimewebotharrivedatthesame

church,rightontime.

Inmytimeofsorrow,Godgavemelaughter.Inplaceofloneliness,Godgavemelove.ThispastJune,we

celebratedourtwenty-secondweddinganniversary.Wheneveranyoneasksushowwemet,Ricktellsthem,“Her

motherandmyAuntintroducedus,andit'strulyamatchmadeinheaven.^^

36.Onlytheauthorcouldtakecareofhermommainlybecause.

A.hermomlovedhermuchmorethanotherchildren

B.shewastheeldestdaughterinthefamily

C.alovelybabycameintoherbrother'sfamily

D.shewastheonlychildwithoutanewfamily'sburden

37WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTrue?

A.Rickwaslateforthefuneralbecausehedidn'tknowthenameofdeceased.

B.Theauthorfeltreluctanttoundertaketheworkoftendinghermother.

C.Rickremainedatthefuneraleventhoughheknewhehadmadeamistake.

D.TheauthorandRickresembledinpersonalitybecauseneithercouldcontrolemotions.

38.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.MargaretshouldbethenameofRick'saunt.

B.TheauthorwassupposedtobeattheLutheranchurch.

C.TheauthorandRick,met22yearsagoforthefirsttime.

D.Themournersatthefuneralconsideredtheauthor'sjoyimproper.

39.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TwoFuneralsataTimeB.HopeRemainsattheFuneral

C.AheavenlyEncounterD.MannersMatterattheFuneral

(B)

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④GOFAR⑤AutomatedConnectedCar(6)JabraFreeway

A.②③B.③④C.④⑤D.⑤⑥

(C)

Thestudyofpsychologyisfacingacrisis.TheResearchExcellenceFramework(theREF)hasledtoa

researchculturewhichisholdingbackattemptstostabilizepsychologyinparticular,andscienceingeneral.The

REFencouragesuniversitiestopushforgroundbreaking,innovativeandexcitingresearchintheformof4*papers,

butitdoesnotrewardtheeffortsofthosewhoreplicate(复制)studies.

Thepointofreplicatingastudyistotestwhetherastatisticallysignificantresultwillappearagainifthe

experimentsisrepeated.Ofcourse,asimilarresultmaynotappear-castingintoquestionsthevalidityoftheresults

fromthefirstexperiment.

Lastyear,theOpenScienceCollaborationattemptedtoreplicate100studiesfromhighlyrankedpsychological

journalists.While97%oftheoriginalstudieshadastatisticallysignificantresult,just36%ofthereplicationshad

thesameoutcome.Equallyworrying:whenaneffectdidappear,itwasoftenmuchsmallerthanpreviously

thought.

Recentdatacallsintoquestionsomewidelyinfluentialfindingsinpsychologicalscience.Theseproblemsare

notlimitedtopsychology,however-manyfindingspublishedinscientificliteraturemayactuallybefalse.

Scienceissupposedtobeself-correctingandre-producibilityisacornerstoneofthescientificmethod.Yet,we

simplyaren'tinvestedinreplicatingfindings.Weallwanttobegoodresearchersandunderstandmoreabouthow

theworldworks.Sowhyarewesoreluctanttocheckourconclusionsarevalid?

Becausenoincentive(激励)isprovidedbythesystemwecarryoutourresearchin.IntheUK,theREFrates

thesubmittedresearchoutputsintermsoftheiroriginality(howinnovativeistheresearch?),significance(doesit

havepracticalorcommercialimportance?),andrigour(istheresearchtechnicallyright?).Outputsarethenawarded

onetofourstars.4*papersareconsideredworld-leading.Thecumulative(累积的)totalof3*and4*papers

determinesresearchfundingallocation(分配)andhasaknock-oneffectoninstitutionalpositiononthenational

rankinglistandthereforeattractivenesstostudents.Obviously,themorepublicationsthebetter.

Thefocusonoriginality-publicationsexploringnewareasofresearchusingnewmodels,andavoidingtesting

well-establishedtheories-istheexactoppositeofwhatscienceneedstobedoingtosolvedoingtosolvethe

troublingreplicationcrisis.AccordingtoREFstandards,replicatinganalreadypublishedpieceofworkissimply

uninteresting.

Worryingly,manyacademicsadmittoengaginginatleastonequestionableresearchpracticeinorderto

achievepublication.Examplesofthisinclude:comingupwithatheoryafterdataiscollected,stoppingcollecting

datawhenaneffectappearsincaseitdisappearslater,oronlyreportingthesignificanteffectsfromcollecteddata.

Otherssimplyfabricatedata-DutchpsychologistDiederikStapelshockinglyfalsifieddatafrommorethan50

studies.TheREFcompletelyharmsoureffortstoproduceareliablebodyofknowledge.Why?

WiththenextREFsubmissionjustfouryearsaway,manyresearchersareeffectivelyfacedwithachoice:bea

goodscientist,orbeasuccessfulacademicwhogetsfundingandapromotion.

43.Whatcrisisthestudyofpsychologyfacing?

A.TheREFhasstartedarevolutioninnotonlypsychologybutalsoscience.

B.TheREFpressestheuniversitiestoconductmoregroundbreakingresearch.

C.TheREFtendstosetupadifferentstandardforreplicationsofstudies.

D.TheREF'sindifferencetoreplicationsofstudieshadledtodisturbingeffects.

44.TheREF'semphasisonoriginalityhasbroughtabout.

AareliablebodyofknowledgeB.publicationsexploringnewareas

C.testsofwell-establishedtheoriesD.uninterestingreplicationsofstudies

45.Theunderlinedword"fabricate“inparagraph8closestinmeaningto.

A.copyB.invent

C.transmitD.pretend

46.WecaninferfromthepassagethattheREF.

A.isasystemforassessingthequalityofresearchinUKuniversities

B.providesUKresearcherswithfundingandjobopportunities

C.recognizesresearchers'workandaddstotheirattractivenesstostudents

D.isplanningtochangeitsstandardbeforethenextREFsubmission

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthe

box.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyou

need.

Homesickness

ThelongingforthefamilyhascausedpaintowritersandpoetssincethebeginningoftimeMostofus

associateverystronglywiththeplaceofourbirthortheplacewehavelearnedtocallhome.47

Whenyoulefthometoattendschool,youmayormaynothaveexperiencedhomesicknesstosomedegree.

48Otherstudentsareveryexcitedinthebeginningonlytofind,afterseveralweeks,thattheyarestarting

tomisswhatwasfamiliarandwishforavisitwithfriendsandfamily.Stillothersdreadtheunfamiliar

surroundingsfromthebeginningandaresadandsomewhatmiserableforaperiodoftimerangingfromafewdays

toanentiresemester.

Homesicknesscanstrikeanyofuswhenwehavemovedtonewsurroundingsandarebeingcalleduponto

meetourneedsinadifferentwayandwithdifferentpeople.Eachofushasadifferenttoleranceforchangeand

learneddifferentmethodsforcopingwithunfamiliarsurroundings.49Sometimesitcanbecomeamore

seriousdepressionifthepersoncannotbegintomeethis/herneedsforloveandbelongingwithnewpeople.In

thoseincidences,anewstudent(oranexperiencedstudentfellinghomesick)maywanttoseekoutprofessional

helptotalkthroughhis/herconcerns.

50Oftentimes,newpeoplecanshowusthewaytocreatenewmeaningsforourselvesandcan

encourageustostickwiththeproblemandmorethroughourfeelingstonewunderstandings.Often,homesickness

isanotherwayofsayingwearescaredtofacethefuture,orthatwe'redoublingourabilitytocope.Talking

withnewfriends,gettinginvolvedinsomenewactivities(untiltheytoobecomefamiliar)orspeakingwithan

interestedcounselororteacher,cangoalongwaytowardsalleviatingtheworstfeelings.

A.Theproblemcanbedoubledforaninternationalstudentstrugglingtofitin.

B.Itcanhurtverymuchnottobeabletogotherephysicallyinordertofeelsecure.

C.Paradoxically(看彳以矛盾)homesicknesscanoften"hit"afterChristmas,whenyoucomebackafterthebreakand

thenewnessofuniversitylifehaswornoff.

D.Homesicknesscanbeageneraltermthatrepresentsgrieving,feelingsad,feelinglossofmeaning,fearing

change,anticipatingdisappointment,orbeinglonely.

E.Thereisnoeasycureforhomesicknessbutitcertainlyfeelsbettertotalkwithsomeoneelsewhenyou're

experiencinggreatsadness.

F.Somestudentsgetverycaughtupintheexcitementofnewfriendsandactivitiesandseemtoforgetabouttheir

formerlifeentirely.

第n卷

IV.SummaryWriting

51.Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassagein

nomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

TheAchievementGapintheUnitedStates

TheachievementgapintheUnitedStatesreferstotheobserved,persistentdisparity(差异)inmeasuresof

educationalperformanceamongsubgroupsofU.S.students,especiallygroupsdefinedbysocio-economicstatus,

raceandgender.Theachievementgapcanbeobservedonavarietyofmeasuresincludingstandardizedtestscores,

gradepointaverage,dropoutrates,andcollegeenrollmentandcompletionrates.

Researchintothecausesofthedisparityinacademicachievementbetweenstudentshasbeenongoingsince

1966.Manyexpertsarguethatachievementgapsaretheresultofmoresubtleenvironmentalfactorsand

"opportunitygaps“intheresourcesavailabletopoorversuswealthychildren.

Homeenvironmentshaveastrongerimpactonschoolachievementthanin-schoolfactors,inpart,because

childrenspendmoretimeoutsideofschoolthaninschool.Studieshavefoundthatchildreninpovertywhose

parentsprovideengaginglearningenvironmentsathomedonotstartschoolwiththesameacademicreadinessgaps

seenamongpoorchildrengenerally.

Inaddition,theout-of-schoolfactorsinfluencingacademicperformancediffersignificantlybetweenchildren

livinginpovertyandchildrenfrommiddle-incomehouseholds.Beingraisedinalow-incomefamily,forexample,

oftenmeanshavingfewereducationalresourcesathome,inadditiontopoorhealthcareandnutrition.

Theachievementgaphasbecomeafocalpointofeducationreformeffortsbyanumberofnon-profit

organizationsandadvocacygroups.Attemptstominimizetheachievementgapbyimprovingequalityofaccessto

educationalopportunitieshavebeennumerous,suchasmulticulturaleducation,financeequalization,and

interventionstoimproveschooltesting,teacherqualityandresponsibility.

V.Translation

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthe

brackets.

52.中秋节晚餐时，父亲提议为家人的健康干杯。（toastn.）（汉译英）

53.那位名人对于经济发展前景的看法结果是相互矛盾的。（turnout）（汉译英）

54.只有求同存异，一个团队才能凝聚力量，和谐发展。（Only）（汉译英）

55.女王的离世标志着一个时代（era）的终结。在她的葬礼前，电视台播放了以女王名义提前制作的纪录

片，回顾她96年的漫长人生。（mark,whose）（汉译英）

VLGuidedWriting

56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowin

Chinese.

在抗击新冠疫情的过程中，我们的身边涌现出许多平凡的英雄，例如医护工作者、社区志愿者、快递

小哥、警察、教师等等。假设你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你校学生会计划组织一次“向平凡的英雄致

敬”（SaluteEverydayHeroes）主题活动，现有原创诗歌大赛和短视频制作大赛两个选择，向全体学生征求意

见。你准备写一封信给学生会，内容须包括：

1.选择一个你感兴趣的活动

2.说明你选择的理由

2022-2023学年上海市杨浦高级中学高三上学期摸底考试

英语试卷

I.Listeningcomprehension

略

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblank