2023北京高三一模英语汇编：阅读理解D篇

第1页/共1页2023北京高三一模英语汇编阅读理解D篇一、阅读理解（2023·北京东城·统考一模）Arguably,thebiggestsciencedevelopmentoftheyear‘todatehasbeentheimagesoftheverydepthsoftheuniversetakenbytheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST).Thoseimagesbegacomparisonbetweentheexternalandinternaluniversesthatscienceisbentonobservingandunderstanding.Decadesago,astrophysicistCarlSaganfamouslysaid,“Theuniverseisalsowithinis.We’remadeofstar-stuff.Weareawayfortheuniversetoknowitself.”Hewascommentingthenontherealitythatourinternaluniversewasascomplexandasfantasticastheouterspace.Therearemanysimilaritiesbetweentheprogresswe’vemadeinunderstandingtheuniverseandinpiecingtogetherlife’sinnerworkings.LikethetechnologicaldevelopmentsthattookusfromGalileo’stelescopetotheHubbletotheJWST,lifesciencetoolshavealsoimprovedrapidly.Fromearlylightmicroscopestomodernsuper-resolutionones,thesedevelopmentshaveaffordedresearchersadeeplookintobiology’sinfinitesimal(无限小的)landscape.Learningthatlivingthingswerecomposedofcellswas,notaterriblylongtimeago,arevolutionaryobservation.Sincethen,scientistshavebeenabletodiveeverdeeperintothecomponentsoflife.Goingbeyondmerelyobservingthecomplicatedmakeupoforganisms,lifescientistscannowdiscovertheworkingsofmolecules(分子).Andthatiswherescanningtheuniversediffersfrompeeringintobiology.Understandingtheuniverse,especiallyfromafunctionalstandpoint,isnotnecessarilyanimmediateurgency.Understandingbiologyonthatlevelis.Simplyobservingtheamazinginternalstructureofcellsisnotenough.Biologistsmustalsocharacterizehowallthosepartsinteractandchangeindifferentenvironmentsandwhenfacedwithvariouschallenges.Beingabletoimageavirusorbacteriumisniceatthelevelofbasicscience.Butknowinghowvirusesgainentryintocellsandspread,infect,anddisablecanliterallysavelives.Throughtime,biologyhasrisentothismechanisticchallenge.Notonlycanlifesciencetoolsproduceimagesofcellcomponents,evenmoreimportantly,theycanhelppredicttheeffectsofdrugsonreceptors,ofimmunecellsonforeigninvaders(入侵者),andofgeneticperturbations(基因干扰)ondevelopmentandaging.Thisisnottobelittletheworkofscientistsresearchingintouniverse.Theyshouldrightlybepraisedfordeliveringviewsofimpossiblydistant,impossiblymassivephenomena.Myaimistocelebratetheseaccomplishmentswhileatthesametimerecognizingthatscience’sinwardsearchfordetailandinsightisequallyimpressiveand,inmyview,moreurgent.Theoutputofboththeoutwardandinwardexplorationsshouldstimulatewonderineveryone.Afterall,it’sallstar-stuff.1．WhydoestheauthorquoteCarlSagan’scommentinParagraph2?A．Tointroducethebackground. B．Toproveanassumption.C．Tomakeacomparison. D．Topresentanidea.2．Likethestudyoftheuniverse,lifesciencehasbeenadvancingin________.A．studyapproaches B．systemmanagementC．researchfacilities D．technologyintegration3．WecaninferfromParagraph4thatbiologists’workis________.A．practical B．risky C．flexible D．popular4．Asforlifescience,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Ithasreceiveduniversalrecognition. B．Itshouldenjoypriorityindevelopment.C．Itcanbeappliedinthemajorityofareas. D．Itismorecomplicatedthanspacescience.（2023·北京西城·统考一模）Technologyseemstodiscourageslow,immersivereading.Readingonascreen,particularlyaphonescreen,tiresyoureyesandmakesitharderforyoutokeepyourplace.Soonlinewritingtendstobemoreskimmableandlist-likethanprint.ThecognitiveneuroscientistMaryWaltarguedrecentlythatthis“newnorm”ofskimreadingisproducing“aninvisible,game-changingtransformation”inhowreadersprocesswords.Theneuronalcircuitthatsustainsthebrain’scapacitytoreadnowfavorstherapidabsorptionofinformation,ratherthanskillsdevelopedbydeeperreading,likecriticalanalysis.Weshouldn’toverplaythisdanger.Allreadersskim.Skimmingistheskillweacquireaschildrenaswelearntoreadmoreskillfully.Fromabouttheageofnine,oureyesstarttobouncearoundthepage,readingonlyaboutaquarterofthewordsproperly,andfillinginthegapsbyinference.Noristhereanythingnewinthesefearsaboutdecliningattentionspans.Sofar,theanxietieshaveprovedtobefalsealarms.“Quiteafewcriticshavebeenworriedaboutattentionspanlatelyandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,”theAmericanauthorSelvinBrownwrote.“Nooneeversaidthatpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans.”AndyettheInternethascertainlychangedthewayweread.Forastart,itmeansthatthereismoretoread,becausemorepeoplethaneverarewriting.Ifyoutimetravelledjustafewdecadesintothepast,youwouldwonderathowlittlewritingwashappeningoutsideaclassroom.Anddigitalwritingismeantforrapidreleaseandresponse.Anonlinearticlestartsformingacommentstringunderneathassoonasitispublished.Thismodeofwritingandreadingcanbeinteractiveandfun.Butoftenittreatsotherpeople’swordsassomethingtobequicklyharvestedasfoddertosaysomethingelse.Everyonetalksoverthetopofeveryoneelse,desperatetobeheard.Perhapsweshouldslowdown.Readingisconstantlypromotedasasocialgoodandsourceofpersonalachievement.Butthisadvocacyoftenemphasizes“enthusiastic”,“passionate”or“eager”reading,noneofwhichadjectivessuggestslow,quietabsorption.Toaslowreader,apieceofwritingcanonlybefullyunderstoodbyimmersingoneselfinthewordsandtheirslowcomprehensionofalineofthought.Theslowreaderislikeaswimmerwhostopscountingthenumberofpoollapshehasdoneandjustenjoyshowhisbodyfeelsandmovesinwater.Thehumanneedforthiskindofdeepreadingistootenaciousforanynewtechnologytodestroy.Weoftenassumethattechnologicalchangecan’tbestoppedandhappensinonedirection,sothatoldermedialike“dead-tree”booksarekickedoutbynewer,morevirtualforms.Inpractice,oldertechnologiescancoexistwithnewones.TheKindlehasnotkilledofftheprintedbookanymorethanthecarkilledoffthebicycle.Westillwanttoenjoyslowly-formedideasandcarefully-chosenwords.Eveninafast-movingage,thereistimeforslowreading.5．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsSelvinBrown’sopinion?A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.6．Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat.A．advocacyofpassionatereadinghelpspromoteslowreadingB．digitalwritingleadstotoomuchspeakingandnotenoughreflectionC．thepublicshouldbeawareoftheimpactskimminghasonneuronalcircuitsD．thenumberofInternetreadersisdecliningduetotheadvancesoftechnology7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tenacious”inParagraph6probablymean?A．Comprehensive. B．Complicated. C．Determined. D．Apparent.8．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SlowReadingIsHeretoStayB．DigitalTechnologyPreventsSlowReadingC．Screenvs.Print:WhichRequiresDeepReading?D．ReadingIsNotaRace:TheWonderofDeepReading（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）AtamuseuminVietnam,LenaBui'sfilmWhereBirdsDanceTheirLastreflectedonthebeautyandvulnerabilityofVietnamesefeatherfarmsafterBirdFlu.DuringafestivalinRwanda,EllenReid'saudioexperienceSoundwalkwassharedinahopefuldiscussionaboutmusic,parksandmentalhealth.TheseareafewofthethingsIhavehelpedbringtolifeovertheyears,workingattheintersectionofscientificresearch,theartsandadvocacytosupportscienceinsolvingglobalhealthchallenges.Scienceiskeytoaddressingtheseissues.Butitisn'ttheonlykey.Toachieveitspotentialandforitsadvancestobeimplementedandreachallwhocouldbenefit,sciencedependsontrustandgoodrelationships.Peoplemightnotalwaysseescienceasrelevant,trustworthyormeaningfultotheirlives.Therearereasonswhysomeseescienceashavingachequeredpast,fromnuclearweaponstoeugenics(优生学),andarethereforeuninterestedin,orsuspiciousof,whatitproposes.Othersfeelexcludedbytheincomprehensibilityofhyperspecialistknowledge.Initscapacitytobuilduponandtestanevidencebase,scienceispowerful,butresearchersandfundershaven'tbeenasgoodatensuringthisevidencebaserespondstotheneedsandinterestsofdiversecommunities,orinformspolicymakerstotakeaction.Sciencemightbeperceivedasdistancingitselffromthepersonal,thepoeticandthepolitical,yetitispreciselythesequalitiesthatcanbemostinfluentialwhenitcomestopublicinterestinatopicorhowagovernmentprioritizesadecision.Amovingstorywelltoldcanbemorememorablethanalistoffacts.Thisiswheretheartscomein.Artistscangiveusdiferentperspectiveswithwhichtoconsiderandreimaginetheworldtogether.Theycanredresstheproclaimedobjectivityinsciencebybringingstories-subjectivities-intothepicture,andthesecanhelpfosterasenseofconnectionandhope.In2012,Isetupartistresidenciesinmedicalresearchcentresaroundtheworld.BuiwasattachedtotheOxfordUniversityClinicalResearchUnitinVietnam.Theheadoftheresearchteamwasdelighted,findingthatBui,asaVietnameseartist,hadlicensetobein,andtoshareusefulinsightsfrom,villageswhereinfectiousdiseaseresearchersweren'twelcome.Sixyearslater,IledWellcome'sContagiousCitiesprogram,whichestablishedartistresidenciesworldwidetosupportlocallyledexplorationsofepidemicpreparedness.Therecentpandemicmadethisworkmorenoticeable,andhasinformedourMindscapesprogramwhichiscurrentlysharingexperiencesofmentalhealththroughtheworkofartists.Withpandemic,climateandmentalhealthcrisesuponus,risinginequalityandwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglybrokenworld,neverhastherebeenmoreneedtobuildandnurturehopefulandimaginativespacestogrowhumanconnectionandsharedpurposeforthecommongood.Scienceandtheartscanworkhandinglovetoachievethis.9.TheauthorliststwoworksinParagraph1mainlyto.A.revealthegapbetweenscienceandartB.provehiscompetenceinbothscienceandartC.introducesuccessfulscience-relatedartworksD.showthatsciencecanbepromotedinartforms10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chequered"inParagraph2probablymean?A.Recentandremote.B.Goodandbad.C.Usualandunusual.D.Peacefulandscary.11.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragree?A.Policy-makersbasetheirdecisionsonscience.B.Researcherspopularizescienceeffectively.C.Scienceiswellreceivedamongthepublic.D.Theartshelppeoplebuildconnections.12.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheValueoftheArtstoScienceB.WhereDoScienceandtheArtsMeet?C.ANewWaytoFightPandemic--theArtsD.WhichMattersMore,ScienceortheArts?（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）Asnake-robotdesigner,atechnologist,anextradimensionalphysicistandajournalistwalkintoaroom.Thejournalistturnstothecrowdandasks:Shouldwebuildhousesontheocean?Likeathink-tankpanel,membersoftheteamdreamupfar-outanswerstothecrucialproblem,suchasself-drivinghousingunitsthatcouldparkontopofoneanotherinthecoastalcitycenter.ThesettingisX,theenterprisewhichconsidersmorethan100ideaseachyear,inareasrangingfromcleanenergytoartificialintelligence.Althoughonlyatinypercentagebecome“projects”withfar-reachingcreativity,theseprojectsexist,ultimately,tochangetheworld,likeWaymo,thebiggestself-driving-carcompany.Inthepast60years,somethingstrangehashappened.Astheacademicstudyofcreativityhasthrived(蓬勃发展),thelabelinnovationmayhavecoveredeverytinychangeofasodacanoratoothpasteflavor,buttherateofproductivitygrowthhasbeenmostlydecliningsincethe1970s.JohnFernald,aneconomist,pointsoutthatthenotableexceptiontothepost-1970declineinproductivityoccurredwhenbusinessesthroughouttheeconomyfinallyfiguredoutthebreakthroughtechnology-informationtechnology.JohnFernaldsays,“It’spossiblethatproductivitytookoff,becausewepickedallthelow-hangingfruitfromtheITwave.”Actually,theworldeconomycontinuestoharvestthebenefitsofIT.Butwherewillthenexttechnologyshockcomefrom?Breakthroughtechnologyresultsfromtwodistinctactivities-inventionandinnovation.Inventionistypicallytheworkofscientistsandresearchersinlabs,whileinnovationisaninventionputtocommercialuse.Seldomdothetwoactivitiesoccursuccessfullyunderthesameroof.Theytendtothriveinoppositeconditions;whilecompetitionandconsumerchoiceencourageinnovation,inventionhashistoricallyprogressedinlabsthatareprotectedfromthepressuretogenerateprofit.Allowingwell-fundedanddiverseteamstotrytosolvebigproblemsiswhatgaveusthecomputerandtheInternet.Today,wefailtogiveattentiontoplantingtheseedsofthiskindofambitiousresearch,whilecomplainingabouttheharvest.“Companiesarereallygoodatcombiningexistingbreakthroughsinwaysthatconsumerslike.Butthebreakthroughscomefrompatientandcuriousscientists,nottherushtomarket,”saysJonGertner,theauthorofTheIdeaFactory.“Technologyisatalltree,”JohnFernaldsaid.“Butplantingtheseedsofinventionandharvestingthefruitofinnovationareentirelydistinctskills,oftenmasteredbydifferentorganizationsandseparatedbymanyyears.”Asforme,bothofthemareessentialfortechnology,althoughtheyarerelativelyindependent.Idon’tthinkXisaplanteroraharvester,actually.Itislikebuildingtallerladders.Nobodyknowsforsurewhat,ifanything,theemployeesatsuchenterprisesaregoingtofinduponthoseladders.Butthey’rereaching.Atleastsomeoneis.13．Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Topresenttheprocessofgroupdiscussion.B．ToillustrateX’sworryaboutbigproblems.C．Torevealtheimportanceofthecrazyideas.D．Tostressthevariedbackgroundsoftheteam.14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Breakthroughsmuststandthetestofthemarket.B．Innovationonnecessitiescanpromoteproductivity.C．Inventiondevelopsslowlyunderthepressureofprofit.D．Theharvestofinnovationliesinsomeambitiousresearch.15．RegardingJohnFernald’sviewontechnology,theauthoris____.A．supportive B．cautiousC．uncertain D．critical16．WhatcanbeinferredaboutXfromthepassage?A．Itwillfocusoninnovation.B．Itwillhaveitsoutcomesoon.C．Itmaygiveintoitsfruitlessreality.D．Itmaybringanencouragingoutlook.（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）WhenElinorLobelwas16,a“smart”insulin(胰岛素)pumpwasattachedtoherbody.PoweredbyAI,ittracksherglucoselevelsandadministerstherightdoseofinsulinattherighttimetokeepherhealthy.ItisoneofthenewwaysthatdataandAIcanhelpimprovelives.Booksthatcriticizethedarksideofdataareplentiful.Theygenerallysuggestthereismuchmoretofearthanfeteinthealgorithmic(算法的)age.Buttheintellectualtidemaybeturning.OneofthemostpersuasivesupportersofamorebalancedviewisElinorLobel’smother,Orly,alawprofessor.InTheEqualityMachinesheacknowledgesAI’scapacitytoproduceharmfulresults.Butsheshowshow,intherighthands,itcanalsobeusedtofightinequalityanddiscrimination.Aprincipleofprivacyrulesis“minimization”:collectandkeepaslittleinformationaspossible,especiallyinareassuchasraceandgender.MsLobelflipsthescript,showinghowinhiring,payandthelegalsystem,knowingsuchcharacteristicsleadstofaireroutcomes.MsLobel’scalltousemore,notless,personalinformationchallengesdata-privacyorthodoxy(正统观念).Butsheinsiststhat“trackingdifferencesiskeytodetectingunfairness.”Sheadvocatesglooseningofprivacyrulestoprovidemoretransparency(透明)overalgorithmicdecisions.Theproblemswithalgorithmicformulae(公式)aretackledindepthinEscapefromModelLandbyEricaThompsonoftheSchoolofEconomics.ThesestatisticalmodelsarethebackboneofbigdataandAL.Yetaperfectmodelwillalwaysbebeyondreach.“Allmodelsarewrong,”runsawisesaying.“Someareuseful.”MsThompsonfocusesonachallengeshecallstheHawkmothEffect.InthebetterknownButterflyEffect,aserviceablemodel,Vinthepredictionofclimatechange,becomeslessreliableovertimebecauseofthecomplexityofwhatitissimulating(模拟),orbecauseofinaccuraciesintheoriginaldata.IntheHawkmothEffect,bycontrast,themodelitselfisflawed;itmightfailtotakefullaccountoftheinterplaybetweenhumidity,windandtemperature.Theauthorcallsondatageekstoimprovetheirsolutionstoreal-worldissues,notmerelyrefinetheirformulae—inotherwords,toescapefrommodelland.“Wedonotneedtohavethebestpossibleanswer,”shewrites,“onlyareasonableone.”Boththesebooksexhibitahealthyrealismaboutdata,algorithmsandtheirlimitations.Bothrecognizethatmakingprogressinvolvesacceptinglimitations,whetherinlaworcoding.AsMsLobelputsit:“It’salwaysbettertolightacandlethantocursethedarkness.”17．MsLobelintendstoconveythatA．minimisationisagoodprivacyruletogobyB．algorithmsarecurrentlychallengedbydataprivacyC．employingmorepersonaldatashouldbeencouragedD．identifyingalgorithms’problemsleadstobetteroutcomes18．Whatcanwelearnabout“HawkmothEffect”?A．ItdevelopsfromButterflyEffect.B．Itemphasizesaccuracyoforiginaldata.C．Itenjoyspopularityinclimateresearchfield.D．Itismentionedtoshowthemodelcanbefaulty.19．Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriterprobablyagree?A．Usingalgorithmstodetectdifferencesishard.B．Theapplicationofdataandalgorithmsislimited.C．Thereliabilityofdatashouldbeattachedimportanceto.D．Improvingalgorithmsinvolvesacceptingitsimperfection.20．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．TheAlgorithm’sProspect B．TheAlgorithm’sMercyC．TheAlgorithm’sComplexity D．TheAlgorithm’sRecognition（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）Manyofusmayexperiencedinner-tabledebates.Onecommonsceneplaysoutasfollows.Youwanttoconvinceafriendorafamilymemberofsomethingyouknowtheymaydisagree,andyoushareinformationandwalkthroughyourreasoningwiththem.Still,theyrejectyourcase.Howdoyoureactwhenyourpowersofpersuasionfail?Youmightdismissthepersonwhodoesn’tagreewithyourargumentsasnarrow-minded,foolishorotherwiseoutoftouchwithreality.Thewholeexperiencemayfeelliketryingtoguidesomeoneonajourneywhentheyrefusetofollow.Psychologistshavecreatedaterm,persuasionfatigue,todescribethisformoffrustration(懊恼).Persuasionfatiguemaymakeithardertosuccessfullykeepchallengingconversations.Pastresearchdemonstratesthatfeelingfrustratedcanmakeyoumoreresistanttochangingyourmind.Italsoshowsthatfrustrationmayreduceyourabilitytorecognizewhyyourargumentsdon’tsucceed.Persuasionfatiguealsoexplainswhy,whendebatesbreakdown,peopletendtoblametheirconversationalopponent.AsMarkTwainoncewrote,“Inallmattersofopinion,ouropponentsareinsane(愚蠢的).”Inpastfindings,peoplegenerallyreportedthreetimesasmanyreasonswhyothers’faultsledtofaileddebatesratherthantheirownshortcomings.Itistruethatothersarenotalwaysopentoyourideas.Endingthediscussioncanthereforebetherightthingtodo.Butinanoverheateddebate,yourfatiguemayleadyoutomisinterpretthesituationandbelievethatyouropponentistoostupidtoseethetruth.Fortunately,psychologistssuggestsomesoundapproachestomanagingthesesituationsandprotectingyourrelationships.Toreachyouraudience,itmaybeessentialtoexpressyourmessageintermsoftheirvalues,notyours.Psychologistscallthis“moralreframing.”Infact,researchessuggestthatthesimpleactofacknowledgingvaluesofthepeopleyou’retalkingto—tellingthemyouunderstandwherethey’recomingfrom,evenifyoudon’tagree—mayleadthemtolowertheirdefensesandopenupalittletonewarguments.Yourfatiguemaybeevenworsebythinkingorassumingthatdebateisazero-sumstruggle—thatyouwinif,andonlyif,youropponentloses.Butsometimesyou’rebetteroffseeinganargumentasacooperativeefforttofindthetruth—lesslikeangryneighboursfightingovertheirpropertyline.Theneighboursmaplandtogetherbyviewingitfrommultipleangles.Similarly,debatescanhelpyoutriangulateaviewbetweenyouropinionandtheotherperson’s.Thetendencytoblameothersforexhaustingdebateshasrealconsequences.Inourexhaustion,wemayfailtoseewhenourfrustrationsstemfromadeepdesireforconnection.Recognizingpersuasionfatigue—andhowwecontributetoit—mayhelpuspassthroughheateddebateswithoutleavingthosewelovebehind.21．Peoplemayexperiencepersuasionfatiguewhenthey_________.A．tryinvaintoconvinceothers B．misinterpretothers’reasoningC．adoptothers’viewsunwillingly D．trytopersuadenarrow-mindedpeople22．Whichisthepossibleconsequenceofpersuasionfatigue?A．Onecan’tsticktohispointofview.B．Oneadmitshislimitsandweaknesses.C．Onecan’tgettotherootoffaileddebates.D．Onefeelsincompetentforfurtherarguments.23．WhydoestheauthorquoteMarkTwaininthepassage?A．Tostresstheeffectofchangingothers’mind.B．Toconfirmthedifficultyofwinninganargument.C．Toexplainthereasonforone’sendinganargument.D．Tosupporttheideaofone’stendencytoblameothers.24．Whichistherecommendedsolutiontomanagingpersuasionfatigue?A．Seeingadebateasazero-sumgame.B．Makinganeffortforcommonground.C．Shiftingthetopictolowerothers’defenses.D．Reframingpointsbasedonone’sownvalues.（2023·北京房山·统考一模）Whenspecialoccasionssuchasbirthdaysorotherbigholidayeventscomearound,parentsoftenlookforthatspecialtoyfortheirchildren.Butthereisagrowingunderstandingthatgiftsoftimeandbonding,suchasvacationsandotherexperiences,makebetterandmorelastinggiftsforchildren.Expertsagreethatgiftingchildrenwithmemorabletripsandfunexperiencesisbetterfortheirbodyandmind,andhascorrespondingpositiveimpactsontherestofthefamily!Ina2017studythatsurveyedabout500womenbetween18and93yearsold,Dr.Oravecz,ahumandevelopmentandfamilystudiesprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,asked,“Mostpeoplefeellovedwhen...”Thestudyshowedthatthemostpopularanswershadnothingtodowithanymaterialitem.Dr.Oraveczsaid,“Ourresearchfoundthatmicro-momentsofpositivity,likeakindword,ahugwithachildorasympatheticexpression,makepeoplefeelmostloved.”ClinicalpsychologistOliverJamesagrees.Hestatedthatasopposedtotoys,detailsfromatriparemorelikelyto“stickwiththemforlongafterthevacationends.”Whenfamiliesinteractinastress-freeenvironment,thiscreateswarm,generousfeelingstowardsoneanother,whicharelikelytoberememberedwithfondness.Vacationscreatestrongemotionalresponsesthatdon’toftencomewithmaterialpossessions.Inaddition,BritishchildpsychologistDr.MargotSunderlandbelievesthatvacationsmakechildrensmarter.“Whatislesswidelyknownisthatvacationscanalsoadvancebraindevelopmentinchildren.Thisisbecauseonafamilyvacation,youareexercisingtwogeneticallyingrainedsystemsdeepinthebrain’slimbic(边缘的)area,whichcanalltooeasilybe‘unexercised’inthehome.”CitingtheworkofneuroscientistJaakPanksepp,Dr.Sunderlandsaid,“ThesearethePLAYsystemandtheSEEKINGsystem.”“Thebrain’sPLAYsystemisexercisedeverytimeyouburyyourchild’sfeetinthesandortakethemforarideonyourback.TheSEEKINGsystemisexercisedeachtimeyougoexploringtogether:thebeach,acave,ahiddenvillage...”Shecontinued,“Sowhenyoutakeyourchildonavacation,youaresupportingtheirexplorativeurge(SEEKINGsystem)—avitalresourceforlivinglifewell,andtheircapacitytoplay(PLAYsystem).Inadulthood,thistranslatesintotheabilitytoplaywithideas—essential,forexample,tothesuccessfulentrepreneur(企业家).”Inabusyhousehold,perhapsthefunofhavingthelatesttoymaynotlast,butthespaceitoccupiesinthehousecouldbethereandgatherdust.Soforthenextroundofgift-givingwiththechildren,consideranexperientialgiftinstead.Thereturnisdefinitelypriceless.25．FromDr.Oravecz’sstudy,weknowthat________.A．hearingkindwordscanmakeapersonfeelmostlovedB．aspecialtoyforabirthdayismorelastingforchildrenC．womenattheageof18and93yearsoldfeelmorelovedD．thefeelingofbeinglovediscloselyrelatedtomaterialgifts26．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Thecapacitytoplaycantranslateintotheabilitytoseek.B．TheSEEKINGsystemcandevelopwhenadventuringinthewild.C．PLAYandSEEKINGsystemsaremoreeasilyexercisedathome.D．Buryingyourchild’sfeetinthemudisexercisingtheSEEKINGsystem.27．Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A．materialgiftsarebetterforachild’sbodyandmindB．childrenspendingvacationswiththeirparentsaremoregenerousC．tripswithfamilycanformbetteremotionalinteractionsthanmaterialgiftsD．vacationswithemployeesareawasteoftimeforasuccessfulentrepreneur（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）We’veheardforyearsthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.But,itactuallymightbeevenmoreimportantthanpreviouslythought,accordingtoastudypublishedintheJournaloftheAcademyofNutritionandDietetics,whichexaminedtheeffectsofskippingmealsandmealfrequencyasrelatedtomortality(死亡率)andhearthealth.Thestudy,whichwaspublishedinAugustoflastyear,soughttofindoutifeatingbehaviorslikemealfrequency,mealskipping,andtimebetweenmealswereassociatedwithall-causeandcardiovasculardisease(CVD)mortality.Thestudyconsistedof24,011adults40yearsorolderwhoparticipatedfrom1999to2014.Researcherslookedatvariouseatingbehaviorsofparticipantswhoself-reportedtheireatinghabitsevery24hours.CausesofdeathweretrackedviadeathrecordsthroughDecember31,2015.Afterexaminingparticipantsthroughouttheyears,researchersfoundthatcertaineatingbehaviorswereinfactlinke