高考英语动词被动语态

动词的时态和语态（二）Hold住高分四步法HitthechartsDevelopskills

OvercomedifficultiesListmethods问题攻克方法能力各种时态的被动语态的构成？用法？攻克难点（Overcomedifficulties）二1.被动语态的构成：

be/get+及物动词的过去分词类别构成形式例句时态一般现在时am/is/are+doneEnglishiswidelyusedintheworld.一般过去时was/were+doneWewereaskedtohelpthem.一般将来时will/shall+bedoneAclassmeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.过去将来时should/would+bedoneShesaidthoseflowersshouldbewatered.现在进行时is/am/are+beingdoneTheblackboardisbeingpaintednow.过去进行时was/were+beingdoneThoseflowerswerebeingwateredwhenIleft.现在完成时have/has+beendoneAlltheseflowershavebeenwatered.过去完成时had+beendoneThebuildinghadbeencompletedbeforeIarrived.谓语动词含情态动词情态动词+bedoneThesebooksmaybekeptfortwoweeks.含双宾语变其中一个，大多把表示人的间接宾语变为主语Hewasgivensomebooks./Somebooksweregiventohim.短语动词其中构成短语动词的介词或副词不可以丢掉，如lookafter/callon/takecareof/payatten-tionto等Theoldwomanwasoftenlaughedat.Timemustbemadefulluseof.复合宾语一般情况宾语变主语，宾补就成了主补Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.Hewasmadeourmonitor.用不带to的不定式作宾补的感官动词和使役动词感官动词和使役动词在被动语态中的宾语补足语to要带上，常用动词有：see/hear/have/watch/notice/help/feel等Thechildrenweremadetowork12hoursaday.Shewasheardtoplaythepianoinherroomlastnight.

“It+be+过去分词+从句”结构的被动结构Itisknownthat...众所周知

Itissuggestedthat...有人建议

Itisbelievedthat...有人相信

Itishopedthat...大家希望

Itisthoughtthat...大家认为It’ssuggestedthatweputthemeetingoff.

常使用系表结构的词有：beseated坐着，behidden躲藏，belost迷路，bedrunk喝醉，bedressed穿着，bedevotedto致力于；献身，bedetermined决定，becompared比较。

固定短语背诵二1.当breakout,takeplace,gooff,runout,giveout,givein,workout,comeout,comeintobeing,runout,givein,happen,takeplace等动词表示“发生；制定”等意思时。E.g.Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.不使用被动语态的情况二（2）系动词无被动语态，如appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。e.g.Itsoundsgood.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.攻克难点（Overcomedifficulties）二哪些情况下主动形式可以表被动意义？攻克难点（Overcomedifficulties）二1.表示主语特征、性质、状态的动词wash,clean,cook,iron,cut,sell,read,wear,draw,write等且带状语修饰语时。e.g.Thebooksellswell.

Thiscoatdrieseasily.攻克难点（Overcomedifficulties）二2.betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。e.g.Iwastoblamefortheaccident.3.在want,need,require,want,worth,deserve后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.Theseflowerswant/require/needwatering.攻克难点（Overcomedifficulties）二4.在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式与主语或被修饰名词是逻辑上的动宾关系,用主动形式。

Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.Thisisahardquestiontoanswer.攻克难点（Overcomedifficulties）二5少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义，如print,cook,fry,hang,build,make。E.g.Thebooksareprinting.Themeatiscooking.攻克难点（Overcomedifficulties）二6常见的有：undercontrol(受控制)；undertreatment(在治疗中)；underrepair(在修理中)；underdiscussion(在讨论中)；underconstruction(在施工中);beyondbelief(令人难以置信)；beyondone’sreach(鞭长莫及);beyondone’scontrol(无法控制)；beyondourhope(我们始料不及)；介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表示被动意义二forsale(出售)；forrent(出租)；inprint(在印刷中)；insight(在视野范围内)；onsale(出售)；onshow(展出)；ontrial(受审)；outofcontrol(控制不了)；outofsight(超出视线之外)；outofone’sreach(够不着)；outoffashion(不流行)。攻克难点（Overcomedifficulties）二Therumorisbeyondbelief(=can’tbebelieved).Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise.(=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough.)Todaysometreasuresareonshow(=arebeingshown)inthemuseum.攻克难点（Overcomedifficulties）二7.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehan