英语英国文化

Chapter8BritishandAmericanLiteraturereporter:machengzhang第一页，共19页。101020304CONTENTSIntroduceEarlyandMedievalEnglishLiteratureTheEnglishRenaissanceMarlwe&shakespeare第二页，共19页。2Introduce010203060504Old-EnglishLiterature(449-1066)LateMedievalLiterature(12thcentury)RenaissanceEnglish(early16thcentury-17thcentury)ModernismandPostmodernismVictorianLiterature(1837-1901)Romanticism(1798-1837)第三页，共19页。3输入(shūrù)标题TheCelts(凯尔特人)livedEnglandandbecamelocalhabitantsuntiltheRomans(罗马(luómǎ)人)arrivedin43A.D.andruledfor400years.SaxonsandAnglesinvadedEnglandandthenknowncollectivelyasAnglo-Saxons(安格鲁撒克逊时期)wereestablishedalloverBritainbythemiddleofsixthcentury.Theybroughttheirlanguage,thebasisofModernEnglish.EarlyandMedievalEnglishLiterature第四页，共19页。4TheNorman(诺曼底人)conquestof1066markedtheendoftheAnglo-SaxonsperiodinBritishHistory.TheperiodofOldEnglishliteratureisfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNorman(诺曼底人)conquestofEnglish.However,EnglishinthisperiodwasconsiderablychangedundertheinfluenceofbothFrench.ThenameofMiddleEnglishwasusedtodescribetheEnglishlanguageatthattime.第五页，共19页。5Theepicpoem(史诗(shǐshī)的)Beowulf(贝奥武夫)isthemostfamousworkinOldEnglishliterature.ThestructureofthepoemisdevelopedaroundthreefightsbetweenBeowulf.ThefirstisamonsterknowedasGrendel.AfterBeowulfslayshim,Grendel'smotherattacksthehallandisthenalsodefeated.Afterfiftyyearshaspassed,Beowulfdefeatsadragon.Beowulf第六页，共19页。6SirGawainandtheGreenKnightSirGawain(高文(ɡāowén).亚瑟王的圆桌武士之一)andtheGreenKnightisthemostfamouschivalric(骑士的)romanceofMiddleEnglishliteratureinthelatefourteenthcentury.第七页，共19页。7ThemostsignificantMiddleEnglishwriterwasGeofferyChaucer(杰弗里.乔叟1344-1400)whoisoftenregardedasthefatherofEnglishliterature.HehadmadegreatcontributiontothedevelopmentoftheEnglishliteraturebecausehisuseofLondondialectinhispoemsmadeEnglishaliterarylanguage.第八页，共19页。8TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事.坎特伯雷是英国(yīnɡɡuó)一城市)tellsastory-tellingcontestbygroupofpilgrims(朝圣者)fromallworksoflife,whoareontheirwayfromSouthWark(萨瑟克)totheshrineofSaintThomasBecket.Thewinnerwillgivenafreemealastheprize.TheCanterburyTales第九页，共19页。9TheEnglishRenaissance第十页，共19页。10TheEnglishRenaissance(英国(yīnɡɡuó)文艺复兴)datesfromtheearly16thcenturytotheearly17thcenturywhenthesonnet(十四行诗)formandotherItalianliteraryinfluencesarrivedinEngland.TheEnglishplaywrightswerealsoinfluencedbyItalianmodels:aconspicuouscommunityofItalianactorshadsettledinLondonandhadbroughtmuchoftheItalianlanguageandculturetoEngland.TheEnglishRenaissance第十一页，共19页。11EdmundSpenser(埃德蒙.斯宾塞)ThefaerieQueene(仙后)EdmundSpenser(1552-1599)iscalledsometimes"poet'spote"because"somanylaterEnglishpoetslearnedtheartofversification(诗律(shīlǜ))fromhim"ThefaericQueene(仙后)tellstheadventuresofknightsdis-patchedbytheFaerieQueen.第十二页，共19页。12ThemostimportantpredecessorofShakerspear,whoreformedtheEnglishdramaperfectedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworkscomposedfiveplays.TheTragicDoctorFaustus(浮士德博士悲剧(bēijù)1592)andTamberlaine(帖木儿大帝1587)ChristopherMarlowe(克里斯多夫.马洛1564-1593)ChristopherMarlowe第十三页，共19页。13WilliamShakespeare第十四页，共19页。14WilliamShakespea(1564-1616)ThegreatestpoetandplaywrightofalltimeInShakespeare'sday,Englishgrammar,spellingandpronunciationwerelessstandardisedthantheyarenow,andhisuseoflanguagehelpedshapemodernEnglish.Hewrotealtogether37playsand154sonnets.“〞第十五页，共19页。15ComedyTragedyHistoricalplaysPoemsAMid-SummerNight'sDream(1595)/TheMerchantofVenice(1596)Hamlet(1601)/Othello(1604)/Macbeth(1605)HenryVl(1509)/KingJohn(1596)VenusandAdonis(1593)/TheSonnets(1609)WilliamShakespea选择(xuǎnzé)第十六页，共19页。16WilliamShakespeaHamletiscommonlyregardedasthegreatestplaybyshakespeare.Itisarevengestory.Hamlet,thePrinceofDenmark(丹麦(dānmài)),camebackbecausehisfather'sdeath.Andjustamonthafter,hisunclema