高一必修三Unit语法

高一必修三Unit语法第1页/共72页Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsUsinglanguage高一人教新课标版必修三第2页/共72页IsaacNewton1642～1727

英国物理学家ListeninganddiscussingDiscussthesescientists.第3页/共72页

经典物理学理论体系的建立者。1665年创立微分;1666年开始研究积分。1666年,开始想到研究重力(gravity)问题,苹果落地的传说,也是在此时发生的轶事。其一生的重大科学思想是在这两年期间(22至23岁)形成的。第4页/共72页

1669年,把《自然哲学的数学原理》,《宇宙体系》等手稿送到剑桥大学图书馆收藏。晚年研究宗教。第5页/共72页AlbertEinstein(1879～1955)第6页/共72页

质量(m)和能量(E)的相当性:E＝mc2爱因斯坦在量子论、分子运动论、相对论(TheoryofRelativity)等物理学的三个不同领域取得了历史性成就，特别是狭义相对论的建立和光量子论的提出，推动了物理学理论的革命,他对社会进步事业也有重要贡献。第7页/共72页霍金bornin1942

第8页/共72页斯蒂芬·藿金是当今科学界的一位传奇性人物。这不仅仅因为他是一位被誉为继爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家,还在于他是在常人无法想象的身体状况下进行研究和创造性工作的。第9页/共72页blackhole黑洞第10页/共72页黑洞并非只是吞噬物质。除了会在星系形成的过程中扮演重要角色外,在经过一段相当漫长的时间后,黑洞也会把一些曾被它吸入的物质信息向外界释放出来。第11页/共72页2Listentothetapeandchoose

thebestsummary.Biscorrectbecauseitgivesaclearideaofwhatthelisteningpassageisabout.Aisnot

true.Thethreescientistswantedtoexplainhowtheuniverseworkedandnothowitbegan.Cistoo

generalanddoesnotgiveenoughdetailaboutwhatthelisteningpassageisabout.第12页/共72页IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingIdeaLargebodieshaveaforcewhichpullsthingstowardsthemInspacelargeobjectsmakespaceandtimebend;thelargertheobject,thefurtherspaceandtimebendsBlackholeshaveaverylargemassandpullthingstowardsthem3Listentothetapeandfillinthechart.第13页/共72页IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingDevelopmentThebiggertheobjectthestrongerthegravity.Timegoesslowerinverystronggravity.Ifyougoovertheedge,youcannotgetout;butifyoudonot,youmaybeabletoescape.第14页/共72页THEORIESOFGRAVITYMichaelJonesoftheNewSpaceMagazineistalkingwithspacetravellerLiYanpingaboutchangesinthetheoryofgravity.LY=DrLiYanping

MJ=DrMichaelJonesListening

text第15页/共72页Part1MJ:Hello,DrLiYanping.It’ssogoodofyoutotalktome.Somestudentsaskuswhythingsalwaysfallbacktoearthifyouthrowthemupintheair.Couldyouexplainit?第16页/共72页LY:Well,atfirstpeoplethoughtitwasbecausetheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.Ofcoursethatwaswrong.OnedaylsaacNewtonwatchedanapplefalltotheground.Hesaidthatsomethingelsemustbepullingtheapplebacktoearth.Hecalledit“gravity”.第17页/共72页MJ:Isee.Didpeopleaccepthisidea?LY:Theydid.Latertheyworkedoutthatbiggerobjects(likethesun)havestrongergravitythansmallerobjects(likeourplanets).Ifyouaretravellingindeepspace,youcouldn’tfallbacktotheearth.You’rejusttoofaraway.第18页/共72页Part2MJ:Doesitmeanthere’snogravityinspace?LY:No.Inaspaceshipyouwouldfeelthepullasitgotclosertosuchanobject.Youwouldtravelfasterandfastertowardsit.MJ:Untilyouhitit?第19页/共72页LY:Notexactly.Youmaypassitveryfastandthenitwouldthrowyououtintospaceagain.Afterthatyouwouldslowdowntotheusualspeed.MJ:Howdoyouknowthis?LY:In1905Einsteinsaidthatinspacelargeobjectsmakespace-timebend;thelargertheobject,thefurther第20页/共72页space-timebends.Sotimegoesslowerinverystronggravity.MJ:Whataboutblackholes?LY:That’saplaceinspacewhichhassuchastrongmassthatnothingcanescapefromitsgravity.Thereisakindofedgearoundthismass.第21页/共72页Ifyoucrossoverthisedgearoundthismass,it’simpossibleforyoutogetback.However,ifyoudon’tcrossthisedge,youcanstillescape.StephenHawkinghasdonealotofresearchintoblackholes.Hehasshownthatthey“spit”thingsoutaswellas“eat”them.第22页/共72页ReadingAVISITTOTHEMOON第23页/共72页spacewalk第24页/共72页第25页/共72页

第26页/共72页第27页/共72页第28页/共72页第29页/共72页China’sfirstastronaut---YangLiwei第30页/共72页1.Thepassageismainlyabout____?A.introductionofthemoonB.thegravitythatIfeltonmywaytothemoonC.myvisittothemoonD.myfriendYanping,anastronomerReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.C第31页/共72页2.Accordingtothetext,weknowthattheforceofthegravitywouldchange_____times.A.2B.3C.4D.53.Whendidtheauthorfeelstrongestofthegravityoftheearth?A.Onthemoon.B.Onthehalfwaytothemoon.C.AttheverybeginningD.OntheirleavingfromthemoonCB第32页/共72页4.Whatcausesthewritertofeelthathebecomesweightlessonthemoon?A.SpaceshipB.GravityC.HisfriendD.HisGoodfeelingsofthemoonB第33页/共72页5.Fromthetextwecanknowifamangrowsuponthemoon,___.A.hewillgrowtallerthanontheearthB.hewillgrowshorterthanontheearthC.hewillbecomefatterD.hewillbecomeweightlessA第34页/共72页ReadthepassagecarefullyandthendescribethethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanpingandhowhisweightchanged.Thepullofgravitybecameverystrongas

helefttheearth’satmosphere.His

weightisnormal.2.Itdisappearedwhenhewasinspace.He

isweightless.3.Itwasverylightwhenhewasonthemoon.

Heweighslessthanonearth.第35页/共72页第36页/共72页ThewaygravitychangedLefttheearthInspaceOnthemoonItbecameverylight.Thegravitybecameverystrong.Thegravitydisappeared.

第37页/共72页TheweightchangedLefttheearthInspaceOnthemoonHebecameveryheavy.Hehadnoweightandcouldfloataroundlikeafeather.

Hewasaboutone-sixthofhisweightontheearth.第38页/共72页Languagepoints1.LastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachancetomakeatripintospacewithmyfriendLiYanping,anastronomer.

上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友,

一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。

enough:1)用作代词:作主语或宾语。

Youhavedonemorethanenough.

你已做得够多了。

Ihavehadenough.Thankyou.

我吃的已经够多的了,谢谢。第39页/共72页2)形容词作定语:enough用在名词前、后都可以。

Ihaveenoughtimetodothework./Ihavetimeenoughtodothework.

我有足够的时间做此项工作。3)用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度:enough一般放在形容词或副词的后边。longenough,easyenough,fastenough,quicklyenough等,但一般不说:enoughlong,enougheasy,enoughfast,enoughquickly.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.这孩子到上学的年龄了。第40页/共72页Hecouldn’trunquicklyenoughtocatchupwiththecat.他跑的速度太慢,追不上猫。4)用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。Themeatisnotcookedenough.肉炖得不够熟。IfIhad_____________________________________________________(足够长的假期),I’dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.alongenoughholiday/anenoughlongholiday第41页/共72页2.Thenwewere

off.随后我们就启程了。

beoff=setoff出发;动身

Iamofftoday.我今天不用上班。

Weare

offtoday.

今天我们不上班/今天我们不开张。

shutoff

关闭get

off

下车take

off

脱下turn

off

关闭pay

off

付清;还清与off相关的短语:

set...off

送行

kick

off

踢球

jump

off

跳下

give

off

散发

show

off

炫耀第42页/共72页

getcloseto

靠近,接近,指动态变化

be

close

to

距……近,指状态

Theschoolisclosetothepostoffice.

3.Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingusbutitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.

当我们更接近月球时,就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是,月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。第43页/共72页与get相关的短语:getalong相处融洽,进展等getdownto开始认真对待,开始认真考虑geton上车getthrough到达;通过;办完,

花光(钱、时间等)。getto到达第44页/共72页getdownto;geton;getthrough;getto;getover;getup1.Don’ttalktoomuch.Let’s___________working.2.Hurryup,orwe’llbelateto______thebus.3.It’seasyto_______thedifficulty.4.Ihave___________alotofpapers.5.Shemanagedto______thevillage.getdowntogetongetovergotthroughgetto第45页/共72页4.cheerup:欢呼,喝彩,感到高兴,使高兴当看到球队的到来,人群欢呼起来。_____________________whentheysawtheteamarrive.他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。Hetookher_____________to____________.Thecrowdcheereduptotheconcertcheerherup第46页/共72页5.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.

1)“A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”.

Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.Hisfatheristwiceasoldashe.2)“A+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B”

TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.长江差不多比珠江长两倍。

Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanthatintheirs.

我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。第47页/共72页

3)“A+be+倍数+the+名词(size,length,amount)+of+B”Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.

新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。

—Doyouregret_______(pay)100dollarsforthepainting?—No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaid_____________(两倍那么多了)forit.payingtwiceasmuch第48页/共72页

讲解:

regret后跟动名词的一般式、完成式和不定式的完成式都表示对过去做过的事情感到后悔，跟不定式一般式表示对即将做的事情感到遗憾,常用来表达委婉。twice

as

much为倍数的表达法,在这里为省略形式,相当于twice

as

much

as

that。第49页/共72页

6....“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”……既然引力改变了,走路也的确需要练一练了。

nowthat同since相似,语气较弱,强调人们已知的事实。既然你忙,就让我给你做吧。Nowthatyouarebusy,letmedoitforyou.既然人都齐了,咱们开始干吧。Nowthateveryoneisherelet’sstartwork．第50页/共72页7.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.1)watch…do/doing:

观看,注视我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。We_____________________behindthetrees.每一天当他们看到植物生长,他们的心里都充满了希望。Everydayasthey_______________________,theirheartsfilledwithhope.watchedthesunsettingwatched

the

plant

grow第51页/共72页2)amazed是过去分词,此处做状语用。他进来的时候没有人注意到。Hecamein_________.3)breakout与happen,takeplace,comeout等词的用法一样,是不及物动词,不能带宾语,不能用于被动语态。战争爆发TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861.美国内战爆发于1861年。unnoticed第52页/共72页发生争吵他们之间发生了争吵。

Aquarrelbrokeoutbetweenthem.(火灾)发生昨晚他家里失火了。

A

fire

broke

out

in

his

house

last

night.

breakdown打破;毁掉;破除;坍塌;坏掉breakin破门而入;打断breakawayfrom脱离政党;打破陈规

breakthrough突围;突破;冲垮;克服breakup打碎;拆散;分裂;分解breakone’sword/promise食言;说话不算数第53页/共72页So,lifeisdifferentonaspaceship.Thereislittlegravitysothatthingsfloataround.Ifyouplannedtotraveltothemoon,whatmatterswouldyoumeetwith?Speakingandwriting第54页/共72页ProblemsHowtocoolyouHowtobreatheHowtoeatanddrinkHow

toprotectyourskinHowtostopflyingoffthemoon’ssurface第55页/共72页Spacesuits第56页/共72页SpaceFood第57页/共72页SpaceBuggy登月车第58页/共72页SpaceCamera第59页/共72页Makealistofyourideasandtakepartinaclassdiscussiontofindthebestones.Usethesewordsandexpressionstohelpyou.Pleasepayattentionto....Pleasecheckthat....Youneed....Don’tforgetto....Makesurethat....Watchoutfor....You’dbetter....Youmust/mustn’t....Pleaselookat....第60页/共72页Sample:

S1:Let’sthinkaboutwhatwewouldneedtoprotectourskinifwevisitedtheMoon.S2:I’dtakesomeskincream.Thatworksverywellwhenwegotothesea.S3:Yes,butit’sgoingtobemuchtoohottoputcreamonyourskinontheMoon.第61页/共72页S4:What’smoreyougetdirectheatfromthesun.TherearenocloudsontheMoontoprotectyou.S3:Ohdear,andIalsohavetocarryoxygenaroundwithmeeverywherebecausethere’snooxygenontheMoon.第62页/共72页S2:Whydon’twecarrytheoxygenonourbacksinatank?S1:Goodidea,butwon’tthathurtourskin?S4:Ithinkitwill.Whydon’twewearaspacesuitwhichhasthepossibilityofprotectingyourskinandhelpingyoucarrytheoxygenveryeasily?第63页/共72页S1:Averygoodidea.Wealsoneedsomesunglassesasthesunwillbeasbadforoureyesasforourskin.S3:That’sright.Thehelmetofthesuitcanhavesunglassesyouc