《商务英语综合教程》UNIT ONE Basic Economics

商务英语综合教程AnIntegratedCourseofBusinessEnglish2UNITONEBasicEconomicsPre-readingQuestionsNotestoTextAKeytoExercisesNotestoTEXTBPre-readingQuestionsQuestion1Explain“Theworthofathingisbestknownbythewantofit”inlightoftherelationsbetweensucheconomictermsassupply,demandandcommodity.TheChineseequivalenttothisproverbis物以稀为贵。Itreflectsasimpleyetfundamentaleconomicprinciple:theamountofsupplyanddemanddeterminesthepriceofacommodity.Ifsupplycannotsatisfydemand,thepriceofacommodityincreases;ifsupplyexceedsdemand,thepricefalls.?Pre-readingQuestionsQuestion2Haveyoueverheardof“Paradoxofvalue”or“diamond—waterparadox”?Itisacontradictionthatdiamondscommandabyfarhigherpricethanwateralthoughthelatterisonthewholemoreuseful,intermsofhumansurvival,thantheformer.Ifyoudonotknowthereason,pleaserefertosomereferencebooksorwebsitesandknowwhy.Paradoxofvalue,alsoreferredtoasdiamond-waterparadox,isanobservationthatarticlesorgoodscriticaltolife(suchaswater)areverycheap,whereasotherswhichhavenobearingonhumanexistence(suchasdiamonds)areveryexpensive.ItisbelievedthatAdamSmithpresentedthisparadoxinAnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations.Hisreasoningproceedsroughlyasfollows:Usually,thethingswiththegreatestvalueinusehavelittleornovalueinexchange;bycontrast,thosewiththegreatestvalueinexchangehavelittleornovalueinuse.?Nothingismoreusefulthanwater:butitwillpurchasescarcelyanything;scarcelyanythingcanbehadinexchangeforit.Adiamond,onthecontrary,hasscarcelyanyuse-value;butaverygreatquantityofothergoodsmayfrequentlybehadinexchangeforit.Therealpriceofeverythingisthetoilandtroubleofacquiringit.Smithdeniedanecessaryrelationshipbetweenpriceandutility.Priceonthisviewwasrelatedtolaborandnottothepointofviewoftheconsumer.Thebestpracticalexampleofthisisthespicesaffron—themostvaluablesubstanceonearth(byweight)—heremuchofitsvaluederivesfromboththelowyieldfromgrowingitandthedisproportionateamountoflaborrequiredtoextractit.Later,thistheoryofvaluehaslostpopularityinmainstreameconomicsandhasbeenreplacedbythetheoryofmarginalutility.Ineconomics,themarginalutilityofagoodorserviceisthegainfromanincreaseorlossfromadecreaseintheconsumptionofthatgoodorservice.Economistssometimesspeakofalawofdiminishingmarginalutility,meaningthatthefirstunitofconsumptionofagoodorserviceyieldsmoreutilitythanthesecondandsubsequentunits,withacontinuingreductionforgreateramounts.TEXTAThetwobasicingredientsofaneconomictopicarescarcityandchoice.Scarcityisthetermusedbyeconomiststoindicatethatman’sdesireforathingexceedstheamountofitthatisfreelyavailablefromNature.

SincetheGardenofEden,Naturehasdealtgrudginglywithman.Natureprovidesmuchlessofmany,manythingsthanmanwouldliketohave.Agoodthatisscarceiscalledaneconomicgood.Food,clothing,andmanyoftheitemsthatallofuscommonlyrecognizeasmaterialgoodsfallunderthiscategory.Italsoincludessomeitemsthatmaysurpriseyou.Isleisureagood?Wouldyouliketohavemoreleisuretimethaniscurrentlyavailabletoyou?Mostofuswould.Therefore,leisureisascarcegood.Whataboutcleanair?Afewyearsagomanyeconomicstextsclassifiedcleanairasafreegood,agoodthatNaturehadmadeavailableinsuchabundantsupplythateverybodycouldhaveasmuchofitastheywanted.Thisisnolongertrue.Ourutilizationofairforthepurposeofwastedisposalhascreatedascarcityofcleanair.ManyoftheresidentsofLosAngeles,NewYork,Chicago,andotherlargecitieswouldliketohavemorecleanair.Fewofususuallythinkofenvironmentalconditionsaseconomicgoods.However,ifyouaresomeonewhowouldlikemoreopenspaces,greenareas,ordogwoodtrees,youwillrecognizethatthesethingsarescarce.They,too,areeconomicgoods.Timeisalsoaneconomicgood.MostofuswouldliketohavemoretimetowatchTV,takeawalkinthewoods,doourschoolwork,orsleep;butweeachhaveonly24hoursinaday.Thescarcityoftimeimposesadefinitelimitationonourabilitytodomanythingswewouldliketo.Sincescarcityofproductiveresources,timeandincomelimitthealternativesavailabletous,wemustmakechoices.Choiceistheactofselectingamongrestrictedalternatives.Agreatdealofeconomicsisabouthowpeoplechoosewhenthealternativesopentothemarerestricted.Thechoicesofthefamilyshopperarerestrictedbythehouseholdbudget.

Thechoicesofthebusinessdecision-makerarerestrictedbycompetitionfromotherfirms,thecostofproductiveresources,andtechnology.Thechoicesofthepoliticaldecision-makerarerestrictedbythetaxableincomeofthecitizenryandvoteroppositiontotaxes.Theselectionofonealternativegenerallynecessitatestheforegoingofothers.Ifyouchoosetospend$10goingtoafootballgame,youwillhave$10lesstospendonotherthings.Similarly,ifyouchoosetospendaneveningwatchingamovie,youmustforegospendingtheeveningplayingpingpong(orparticipatinginsomeotheractivity).

Youcannothaveyourcakeandeatit,too.Ourhistoryisarecordofourstruggletotransformavailable,butlimited,resourcesintothingsthatwewouldliketohave—economicgoods.Agoodisanythingwhichyieldssatisfactiontosomeone.Therearetwotypesofgood:commodities,ormaterialgoods,andservices,orintangiblegoods.Wespeakoftheservicesofthedoctor,theentertainer,andtheteacher.Agoodmayyieldsatisfactiondirectly,inwhichcaseitiscalledaconsumergood;orindirectly,asaninstrumentofproduction,inwhichcaseitiscalledacapitalgood.Factories,officebuildings,industrialmachineryarecapitalgoods.Thesatisfactionwhichagoodyieldisusuallycalledutility.Utilitymaybeamatterofform—cuttingandsewingapieceofrayonclothintoadressaddstoitsutility.Oritmaybeamatterofplace—thetruckerwhobringsanewcarfromtheassemblyplanttomyhometownisincreasingitsutilitytome.Itmayinvolvetime—thewarehousemanwhostoresthisfall’spotatocropsothatIcanbuyfreshpotatoesinmidwinteriscreatingutility.Oritmayinvolveownership,asinthecaseofabrokerwhotransferssecuritiesfromsellerstobuyers.

Aneconomicgoodissomethingwhich,inadditiontobeinguseful,isalsoscarce.Itisscarceifthereislessavailablethanpeoplewouldliketouseiftheycouldhaveitfree.Inthiscase,onewouldliketouseiftheycouldhaveitfree.Inthiscase,onewillhavetopayapriceforthegood.Ifthereisenoughtosatisfyeveryone’swantsatazeroprice,thearticleisafreegood.Butwaterflowingfromacitytapisaneconomicgood,sinceitcostssomethingandusersarechargedforitinonewayoranother.Airisnormallyafreegood,butcoldairfromanairconditionerinsummerisaneconomicgood.

Productionisthecreationoradditionofutilitytoagood.Itmayinvolvephysicaltransformationofacommodity,thatis,creationofformutility.Thestoreclerk,thefillingstationattendant,thetruckdriverdonotmakeanything,asafactoryworkerdoes.Buttheyhelpsomethingwewantatthetimeandplacewherewewantit,andthisalsoconstitutesproduction.Thethingswhicharenecessaryforproductiontobecarriedonaretermedfactorsofproductionorproductiveresources.Quantitativelythemostimportantoftheseislabor.Ineverydayusage,thistermconnotesfactoryworkorsomeothermanualactivity.Butineconomics,labormeansanyformofhumaneffortexertedinproduction.Thebricklayer,theaccountant,thedoctor,andthebusinessexecutiveareallengagedinlabor.Asecondrequisiteforproductioniscapital.Thisisaparticularlytrickytermineconomics,becausethereisamajordifferencefromeverydayusage.Whenanindividualspeaksofhis“capital”heusuallymeansmoneyorsecurities.Thusitisessentialtorememberthatineconomicscapitalisnotmoney.Capitalismachinery,buildings,railroadtrackandrollingstock,inventoriesofrawmaterials,andotherphysicalnecessitiesforproduction.Thereisalsoamajordifferencefrompopularusageasregardsinvestment.Ithinkofbuyingastockorbondasan“investment”.Ineconomics,however,investmentistheconstructionofacapitalgood.Economicsisconcernedbasicallywithphysicalprocessesratherthanwiththemoneywhichlubricatesthewheelsofindustry.TheamountofinvestmentintheAmericaneconomyin1994wasthequantityofcapitalgoodsproducedduringtheyear,whichhadamoneyvalueofabout$409billion.Thedistinctionisalwaysconfusingatfirstglance.Inpart,itisadistinctionbetweenlookingatthingsfromanindividualviewpointasagainsttheperspectiveofthenationaleconomy.Itisalsoadistinctionbetweenphysicalcapitalgoodsandtitlesofownershiptothosegoods.Supposeanewlyformedcompanysellsamillionsharesofcommonstockat$10each.Itusesthe$10milliontobuildafactorytoproduceplasticbottles.Thesharesofstock,whichsignifythattheholderownsasmallpieceofthecompany'splantandequipment,maychangehandsmanytimesoverinlateryears.Butthisdoesnotchangethesizeofthecompany'splantortheproductivecapacityoftheeconomy.Onlyasthecompanybuysadditionalbuildingsandequipmentdoescapacityincrease.Athirdimportantelementinproductionisnaturalresources,sometimesreferredtoasland.Strictlyspeaking,anaturalresourceissomethinggivenbynatureanduntouchedbyhumanhands,suchasrivers,mineraldeposits,virginfarmland,orsourcebecomespartlyacapitalgood,aproducedmeansofproduction.AnIowafarmtodayispartlyanaturalresource,becausecertainqualitiesoflevelness,soiltextureandcomposition,naturalrainfall,andclimatehavebeenthereforalltime.Butitisalsopartlyacapitalgood,becausegenerationsoffarmershaveaddedfencing,drainage,treeandstoneremoval,artificialfertilizers,andotheraidstoproduction.Labor,capital,andnaturalresourcesarecoordinatedinproductionunits,suchasfarms,factories,stores,andtransportnetworks.Theworkofcoordinationisdonebymanagement.Economistssometimestreatmanagementasaseparatefactorofproduction.Butismayalsoberegardedasaspecialized,high-levelkindoflabor.

NotestoTextAScarcityisthetermusedbyeconomiststoindicatethatman’sdesireforathingexceedstheamountofitthatisfreelyavailablefromNature.

经济学家用稀缺一词指人们对某物的需求超过了可从自然界自由获取的量。

exceed:to

be

greater

than,

as

in

number

or

degree;

surpass,forexample:

a

fortune

that

exceeds

ten

million

dollars价值超过1000万美元的一笔财产

Demand

thatexceeded

supply.供不应求The

car

exceeded

the

speed

limit.车超速了。a

material

that

exceeds

all

others

in

durability最耐用的一种材料(在耐用性方面超过了其它所有材料的一种物质）SincetheGardenofEden,Naturehasdealtgrudginglywithman.Natureprovidesmuchlessofmany,manythingsthanmanwouldliketohave.自伊甸园以来，自然界对人类太吝啬了。自然界给予人类的很多东西都比人类渴望获得的要少得多。

GardenofEden,见课本Note1，p6

grudgingly:reluctantly,unwillinglyvt.GrudgeHe

ungrudgingly

agreed

to

pay

for

everybody‘s

dinnerwhentheguestsfoundthemselveswithoutcash.

来宾发现没带现钞，他极不情愿地为他人付饭钱。

Igrudgewastingtimeonthis,butIsupposeI‘llhavetodoit.我极不情愿把时间浪费在这个上面，但我想我得完成它。NotestoTextAOurutilizationofairforthepurposeofwastedisposalhascreatedascarcityofcleanair.

我们利用空气来处理废物（如燃烧某种燃料，就必需靠空气中的氧气），造成了洁净空气的稀少。

这句话的意思是说，空气既是一种资源，也是一种商品，利用空气处理废物后污染了空气，洁净空气就成了一种稀缺商品。森林公园就是利用洁净空气这种商品吸引游客。4.Thescarcityoftimeimposesadefinitelimitationonourabilitytodomanythingswewouldliketo.我们打算要完成许多事情，但时间的稀缺的确限制了我们这方面的能力。

impose…on….

to

establish

as

something

to

be

obeyed

or

complied

with;

enforce:

to

impose

tariffonimportedgoods对进口商品征收关税。

toimposeanunfairtreatytosomedevelopingcountries对一些发展中国家强加一些不平等条约Theselectionofonealternativegenerallynecessitatestheforegoingofothers.选择某一东西必然意味着放弃其他的东西。

necessitate:tomakeitnecessaryorunavoidable,使……成为必须或者不可避免A

prolonged

drought

had

necessitated

the

introduction

of

water

rationing.由于持续干旱，不得不采用淡水供给制。NotestoTextA6.Ourhistoryisarecordofourstruggletotransformavailable,butlimited,resourcesintothingsthatwewouldliketohave—economicgoods.人类的历史就是一部将可用的但有限的资源转化成我们所希望获得的经济商品的奋斗史。

transform:To

change

the

nature,

function,

or

condition

of;

convert:

A

steam

engine

transforms

heat

into

mechanical

energy.蒸汽将热能转化为化学能。Thesatisfactionwhichagoodyieldsisusuallycalledutility.商品带来的满足通常被称为功效。I

have

always

doubted

the

utility

of

these

conferences

ondisarmament.我一直怀疑这些裁军会议是否有用？

yield:To

give

forth

by

a

natural

process,

especially

by

cultivation:

a

field

that

yields

many

bushels

of

corn一块产出大量玉米（许多蒲式耳）的田地Productionisthecreationoradditionofutilitytoagood.Itmayinvolvephysicaltransformationofacommodity,thatis,creationofformutility.生产就是对某一商品创造或者添加效用，它可能是改变商品的形状，即创造形态效用。

physicaltransformation:改变形态

formutility:形态效用，简单地说，就是通过改变商品形态增加对客户的吸引力，并以此增加其价值。比方说，把一款手机炫酷，手机的功能未变，但外观设计变了，相应的价值也就提高了，这就叫形态效用。NotestoTextA9.Butineconomics,labormeansanyformofhumaneffortexertedinproduction.Thebricklayer,theaccountant,thedoctor,andthebusinessexecutiveareallengagedinlabor.但在经济学中，劳力是指在生产过程中施加的任何形式人力。砖匠、会计、医生和商务管理人士都在从事劳力。

exert:to

put

to

use

or

effect;

put

forth:

exerted

all

my

strength

to

move

the

box.

使出浑身力气推动箱子

exertinfluenceuponpolicy-makers对决策者施加影响

exerted

ourselves

mightily

to

raise

funds努力地筹集资金10.Economicsisconcernedbasicallywithphysicalprocessesratherthanwiththemoneywhichlubricatesthewheelsofindustry.本质上，经济学关注产业领域内的有形过程而不是使产业顺利运转的资金。

lubricate:Ifyousaythatsomething

lubricates

aparticularsituation,youmeanthatithelpsthingstohappenwithoutanyproblems

Franklin'staskwastolubricatethediscussionswiththeFrench.富兰克林的任务是促使与法国方面的会谈顺畅进11.Thesharesofstock,whichsignifythattheholderownsasmallpieceofthecompany‘splantandequipment,maychangehandsmanytimesoverinlateryears.股票表明其持有者拥有公司部分厂房和设备，股票在未来若干年内可能数度易手。

NotestoTextA12.Strictlyspeaking,anaturalresourceissomethinggivenbynatureanduntouchedbyhumanhands,suchasrivers,mineraldeposits,virginfarmland,…….严格地讲，自然资源是大自然赋予而未经人类开发利用的东西，如河流、矿藏、未开垦的农田untouched:an

untouched

areaorplaceisthoughttobebeautifulbecauseitisstillinitsoriginalstateandhasnotbeenchangedordamagedinanyway

Ducieisoneoftheworld'slastuntouchedislands,nearly5,000kmfromAustralia.Ducie岛是世界上最后一块还未有人涉足的岛屿之一，它离澳大利亚近5000公里。……becomespartlyacapitalgood,aproducedmeansofproduction

部分成为资本商品，即创造出来的一种生产资料。后文讲到一块土地，它部分地属于严格意义上的自然资源，但经过数代人的开垦，修上围篱、施肥等，这种纯粹的自然资源也就部分变成了资本商品

练习答案I.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F6.F 7.F 8.TAnswerthefollowingquestions.

答案见课文III.Explaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.givenresourcestopeoplereluctantlyandmeagerlyforceustotakealimitednumberofalternativesmakesitnecessarytogiveupotherchoicesareaskedtogiveacertainofmoneyasapricecomposes,istheelementsorpartsofbecomeinvolvedwith,takepartincomparedwithmadesomethingharmoniouswithsomethingelseTextComprehension

I.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright.1.i 2.h 3.j 4.b 5.a6.c 7.f 8.g 9.e 10.dII.TranslateeachsentenceintoChinese,payingspecialattentiontotheunderlinedwordsorphrases.自有伊甸园以来，大自然对人的给予太吝啬了。(vi.对待)尽管经济已经有了很大程度的改善，但仍然有许多人坚持认为对于穷人而言，所谓的新政只不过是暴政（极其不公平的待遇）而已。（①n.大量；②n.政策；③n.待遇）熊市使那些在股市见顶时投资的人肝肠寸断。（vt.给予,dealatellingblow给予狠狠打击）这家杂货店经营各种各样的日用必须品，从牙膏到炊具。（vi.经营）客户所有的诉求并非均由经理受理。(vi.处理，应对)这本书论述了中美在盗版、人民币升值和市场准入等方面的争端。（vi.论述，述及）该汽车制造商与德国一家公司达成了一项以轮胎换取发动机的协议。（n.

协议）这些家具打包500美元就卖给了我，便宜得好像是白捡的一样.（apackagedeal是“一揽子交易”的意思。）Vocabulary鉴于我们是第一次做买卖，我们要求预付现金30%而不是付款交单。（n.买卖，交易）那个乞丐以一幅看似轻蔑的眼神看着我给他的那一元纸币，我知道他认为我太抠门了。（adj.吝啬的）只有富人才买得起海滨别墅和那么大的奔驰。（n.oftenpl.财力）他绝不是平庸的会计师。（adj.低劣的，平庸的）把朋友独自留在房间里，他太自私了。（adj.自私的）由于未能兑现诺言，他感到很愧疚。（adj.感到不发意思的，羞愧的）在宽大处理与严厉处罚间找到中间位置绝不是轻而易举的事。(bynomeans决不，绝不；n.中间)这一山区的年平均降雨量为800毫升。（adj.平均的）对年收入只有30万元的家庭来说，到加勒比海去旅游超出了其经济承受能力。(beyondthemeans超出经济承受能力)大多数投机者接受了这一信条：为达目的，可以不择手段。（n.手段）III.Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenintheparentheses.Disposable

可支配收入是指纳税后留给个人可供消费和储蓄的那部分收入。excess

昨天晚上他喝高了，对他刻板的老板胡言乱语了一通。Excessive

过多的雨水毁了上万顷大豆。exceedingly

这玩意儿一丁点儿价值都没产出，倒是浪费了不少时间。transformation

经济转型与经济结构的根本变化和增长与发展的动因密切相关。abundant

东北是一个宝库，蕴藏着丰富的煤、木材和经济作物。exertion

他费了好大力气才把冰箱从一个角落移到另一个角落。constituent

该报告概观了联合王国及其构成国和欧盟人口老龄化现象。Constitution

美国宪法第十三条修正案废除了黑奴制和强制劳役。instrumental

该份报告有助于选择投资品种。IV.Givethesynonymsandantonymsofthefollowing.scarcesynonyms:rare,insufficient,deficient,meager,scrimpy,stingyantonyms:abundant,profuse,affluent,plentiful,ample,plenteous,sufficient,bountifulproductivesynonyms:prolific,fruitful,fertile,teeming,generative,fecundantonyms:poor,barren,sterile,unproductive,unfruitful,unfertilegrudgingsynonyms:stingy,niggard,miserly,meanantonyms:generous,lavish,bountiful,bounteous,prodigal,hospitable,beneficenttangiblesynonyms:concrete,perceptible,discernible,material,physical,actual,substantial,definite

antonyms:intangible,immaterial,insubstantial,imperceptible,impalpable,unrealV.Fillintheblanks,eachusingoneofthewordsinitsappropriateform.Altered

由于暴风雪，飞机改变了航向。Alternatively

如果用了although,就不用but,或者省去although.alternative

与传统能源相比，可替代能源的炭排放量低。alternative

我们没有其他任何选择，只有为我们的独立与自由而战。alternated

他时而高兴，时而郁闷。alternation

整个燥热的下午就在（我们）时而游泳时而跳水中过去了。alternate

这位经理每隔一天上班。他星期一、三、五上班，星期二、四休息。alternately

客人与主人交替坐在圆形餐桌上。alternates

昼夜更迭。alternative

高速公路因大雾而封闭，驾车者被告知另寻其它路线。VI.Translatethefollowingsentences.Payattentiontotheunderlinedadjectiveswiththesuffixes–ibleand–able.你是否希望比目前有更多的可利用的业余时间吗？应税收入通常指扣除减免部分和纳税年度所允许的调整部分后的毛收入或调整后毛收入。有形资产指其价值依赖于有形特点的资产。它包括可复制资产，如建筑物和机械，也包括不可复制资产，如土地、矿山或艺术品。由于城市化、交通网络和工业占用了可耕地，美国肉类消费量可能会减少。那些简短的、干净利落的句子更容易让非专业人士接受。游击队员们靠着可食用的野菜和蘑菇才没被饿死。过高的房价已经造成了穷人能够买得起的住房严重短缺。许多庄严的塔楼和城门遍布于这座大都市，该市曾经是许多王朝首都。Cloze1-5BCABD 6-10BACDD 11-15ACBAC 16-20ABDDCGrammar时态填空PassageOne1.Wishes 2.Havingsquandered 3.needs 4.approaches5.has(previouslyandrepeatedly)bailed 6.agrees 7.is8.are 9.promises 10.turns 11.names12.forces13.is 14.agrees 15.is 16.doesnotwant17.issurprised 18.sees 19.signs 20.leaves 21.warnsPassageTwo1.passes 2.intercepts 3.shoots 4.leads句子时态填空1.freezes;boils 2.rains 3.tells,departs 4.is,opens5.revolves 6.avail 7.is(constantly)pestering8.is(always)thinking 9.ambeing 10.isbeing选择1-5 CDBCC 6-10 BABCDTranslationTranslatethefollowingintoChinese.早期论述经济周期的作者几乎没有数据资料，倾向于过多的描述恐慌的危机；而后来的作者则开始讲到经济的两个不同时期，即繁荣期和萧条期，或者叫兴旺阶段和不景气阶段。其“高峰”和“低谷”标志着，两个时期即一个时期向另一个时期的转折。如今，我们知道，并不是每一个经济上升阶段都能达到充分就业和繁荣的顶点。没有两个经济周期完全一样的，但他们有许多相同之处。尽管不是一模一样的双胞胎，可还是能辨认出它们同属一个家族。预测未来经济周期的时间没有一套确切的公式，如同没有可以用来计算月球运动或者简单的钟摆运动的公式。从经济周期粗略的表现和不规则来看，它们倒更像变幻莫测的流行病、风云变幻的天气，或者如同婴儿的体温。TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.Scarcityisthetermusedbyeconomiststoindicatethatman’sdesireforathingexceedstheamountofitthatisfreelyavailablefromNature.Fewofususuallythinkofenvironmentalconditionsaseconomicgoods.Thechoicesofthebusinessdecision-makerarerestrictedbycompetitionfromotherfirms,thecostofproductiveresources,andtechnology.Productionisthecreationoradditionofutilitytoagood.Capitalismachinery,buildings,railroadtracksandrollingstock,inventoriesofrawmaterials,andotherphysicalnecessitiesforproduction.Lastyear,hisinvestmentinsecuritiesyielded20%,farhigherthanbankinginterest.Theroyaltypaidtohimbythepressrolledinandexceededhisexpectations.Airlineseatscanbeclassifiedintothreetypesaccordingtotheirprices:firstclass,businessclass,andcoach.Interestingly,economicdownturnconnotesthefallofdivorcerateintheUnitedStates.PartIIISupplementaryReadingTask1(Omission)Task2 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.C

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