英语语法19定语从句

19——119——219——319——4限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句Noun+of+which／whom引导的定语从句19——5as19——6thatwhich19——719—1

Unit19Clause关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose等。关系副词：when，where，why等。ThewomanwhoisstandingbytheclassroomisourEnglish先行词定语从句（thewomanThe wonthefirstprizeiscalledRoy.（2005年大连市中考题A. B. C. D.【答案选Cboywho或whom，又因定语从句需要一个作主语的引导词，故用who主格，因为whom为宾格形式。ThisistheroomwhereLuXunonce先行 这是曾经住过的房间（theroom是先行词，关系副词where引导一个定语—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenrefer—Right，justthe youknowIusedtoworkforyears.（2005卷A. B. C. D.行词代入定语从句为：“YouknowIusedtoworkinthetownforyears.”由此可判断先行词与inwhere。19—2关系词代替功 在从句 例who代替人主 Thegirlwhoysthenoverywellhisdaughter.那位钢琴弹得很好的小姑 Heisnolongerthemanwhoheusedto代替 动词宾 WhereisthestudentwhomProfessorpraisedatthemetting?苏教授在会上表 Themanwithwhomshewastravelingisherboyfriend.跟她一道旅行的那个是男朋友 代替人从句中某Sheislookingafterthelittlechildwhose 名词的定语parentshavegonetoLondon.她在照看 which)代替 Helivesintheroomwhosewindowsthat代替人主语 Themanthatisspeakingatthemeetingisafamousscientist.在会上的那个人宾 Isthistheteacherthatyoutalkedyesterday.这就是昨天谈到的那位表 Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasherchildhood.她不再是她童年时代的那个了。代替 主 Thetrainthathasjustleftisfor刚刚离开的那列火车是开往的 Isthisthephotothatyoutooklastsummer?这是你去年夏天照的相片吗？ Myhometownisnotapollutedcethatyouthinkittobe.我的家乡不是像你认 代替 主 Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthestationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近 ThecomputerwhichIwantedtobuywassoldout.买的那种计算机卖完了 Shewasfondofdancing,whichherbrotherneverwas.她喜爱跳舞，她弟弟从—Whereisthe gaveusthetalk—HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.（2004年扬州市中考题A. B. C. D.Bthescientist，在定语从句中作主语。who代替whom,TheboywhomImentionedishisson.thatwhomwhich。但whom和whichThisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyearThisisthehousewhichthatwelivedinlastyear. Thisis whomyouarelooking 19—3点和原因状语作用。关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”结构。如下表：关系 代替功 例when(=at, Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenon,induring (onwhich) wemovedintoour newhouse.我将不会忘记where(=in,at地点名 地点状 Thisisthecewhere Jackparkshiscar.这是存车why(for 指代原 原因状 Hedidn'tknowthereason

whichhewasdismissed.他不知道whenwhere和why。也就是说选择关系IstillrememberthedayswhenIstayedinBeijing.我仍然记得我在逗留的那

Ihaveneverforgottenthedayswhichwespenttogether.Heshowedmethecewherehelived.他带我看了他住的地方Thisisthecewhichwevisitedlastyear.这是我们去年参观过的地方Thisisthereasonwhywemustgoearliernow.这就是须早点去的原因Thereasonwhichyougaveuswasunacceptable.你理由是不能接受的副词whenwhyI'llneverforgettheyear(when)Igraduatedfromcollege. Thereareseveralreasonswhy)sheleft.有几种她离开的理由。先行词为ce,关系副词也可省略。如：Thisisthece(where)Ilivedfiveyears.这是我住了五年的地方在口语和非正式场合，when,wherewhy或相当于关系副词的“介词+which”结that来代替并可省略。如：DoyouknowanywherethatIcangetadrink?Thelasttime(that)IsawherwasafinemorninginJuly.我见到最后一次是七Thisisthereasonthathewasabsentyesterday.19—4关系代词：who,whom,whosewhich,Allthesebooksthathadbeendonatedbyvisitingprofessorsaretobeusedbythepostgraduates.由客座教授赠给的所有这些书将被使用。（限制性定语从句）Allthesebooks,whichhadbeendonatedbyvisitingprofessors，aretobeusedbyTheEnglish mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreat（2006年高考山东卷A.forwhichB.at C.in D.on【答案选C】y是先行词，在从句中作介词in的宾语ProfessorWang,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.王教授已年过六Peter,whomyoumetinLondon,isnowbackinParis.现在回巴黎了，你在伦Theboywhosefatherisanengineerstudiesveryhard.那位小男孩学习很努力，他Thisdictionary,whichmyfatherboughtinAmerica,hasbeenhighly mendedbymyEnglishteacher.这本词典是由我们的英语老师极力推荐的，它是我父亲从买的。Edgarwillputoffthe icuntilMay1st,whenhewillbe .将把郊游推51号，那时他将有空。Theyreachedthereyesterdaywhereanegotiationofsalewillbeheld.他们昨天抵达那里，有一个关于销售的谈判在那儿举行。MrSmith,fromwhomIhavelearnedalot,isafamousscientist.先生是一位Inthepresenceofsomanypeoplehewasalittletensewhichwasunderstandable.在ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity， shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.（2006年高考陕西卷）A.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.from D.after【答案选A“介词+关系 toldusastory，ithesaidwasquitewell（20056月六级题 saidbeingquitewellknownitwhich，逗号后就是非限Noun+of+whichwhomThereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhicharenew.大厅里有三十把椅子，在非限制性定语从句中，用以指物的关系代词必须用whichthatMrZhanghasasonwholikestoyfootball.(限制性定语从句)张先生有一个喜欢踢的儿子。（可能还有别的孩子，不喜欢踢）MrZhanghasason,wholikestoyfootball.（非限制性定语从句）张先生有一个儿子，喜欢踢。（只有这么一个儿子）Thece thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（2005年高考江苏卷）A. B.atC.at D.which；inB。此处atwhich=where。19—5asthe...sameas，such...as，so...as等结构。如：Herearesuchquestionsasareoftenaskedbythecollegestudents.（as作主语ThisisthesamecomputerasIhavebought.（as

Ihaveneverseensuchkindofgirlassheis.我从未见过像她这样的（as作I'lldotheexperimentthesamewayashedoes.验。(as作方式状语Icamethesamedayassheleft.我在她离开的同一天来的。（as作时ChrisstudiesinthesamecollegeasIdo.和我在同一所大学学习。(as作点状语Daviddidn'tbelievesuchreasonasshedidso.不相信她那样做的理由。Hereissoeasyaquestion/suchaneasyquestionaseverybodycananswer.这个问（as作结果状语） Iexinedonthephone，yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthe（2005年高考浙江卷A. B. C. D.放在句首时必须用as。sosuch...thatso//Asateacher,Iseldomgivestudentssodifficultaproblemastheycan'tworkAsateacher,Iseldomgivestudentssodifficultaproblemthattheycan'tworkitTheyaresuchbeautifulpicturesasdrewmanypeople'sTheyaresuchbeautifulpicturesthattheydrewmanypeople'sShe gooddoctorthateveryonewantstoseeher.（2004年吉林省中考题A.such B.a C.a D.【答案选A】与that配合的是so或者such，因good后面有名词doctor，sucha来修饰。asasweallknow，asisknowntoall，asisit，asissaidabove，asalreadymentionedabove，asisusual，asisoftenthecase，asisreportedinthenewspaper等句式中。as在非限制性定语主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……”，“就像……”之意。如：AsisknowntotheUnitedStates，MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.人都知道，·吐温是一位伟大的作家（as在从句中作主语）Danielisabsorbedinwork，asheoftenwas.正在全神贯注地工作，他过（as在从句中作表语）Asweallknowtheearthisround.（as语The （2005年高考浙江卷A. B. C. D.【答案选D】根据句子结构和意义可知空格处应选用一个非限制性定语从句的19—6thatwhichthat和whichThisisthebookwhichthatyouaskedfor.much，onethat。如：Don'tdoanythingthatisbeneathyou.Thereisnothingthatdoesnotcontaincontradiction.没有什么事物是不包含的Don'tbelieveeverythingthat lsyou.Theconferencewassimilartoanythathadgonebefore.Idon'twanttocomeAhateful isonethatarousesfeelingsofhatredinyou.可憎之人就是会使你ThethirdtreethatIntedwascutdownbysomeoneagain.我种下的第三棵树又HegivesthedriestspeechthatIhaveeverlistenedto.他的是我所听过的最

TheworstmatterthatIamafraidofhappenedintheend.ItwasthelargestmapthatIeversaw.all，any，every，few，no，somethat。如：Theypushedopenallthewindowsthatremainedclosedforawholemonth.他们把Allthepresentsthatyourfriendsgiveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.你生Wouldyoupleasecorrectanywrongspellingsthatyoufind?请改正你发现的拼写IhavenomoneythatIcanspare.Hewaswatchingthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledthecar.

Wetalkedabout sandthingsthatwerememberedinWhichofthebooksthatyouboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyBacon?你昨天买的哪引导非限制性定语从句用whichthatHeproudlypointedoutthebiggestsheep，whichalreadyweighed150Thewomenneverdrinkinthismanner，whichisabsoluyspecialtoGlasswhichbreaksatalowisneverthelesscapableofwithstandinggreatpressure.玻璃尽管一击就碎，却能承受很大的压力。Ifyourunbackovertheseason，youcan'tpickoutagameinwhichheyedThisisthepointfromwhichalldistancesaremeasured.从这一点开始来测量各ntingissomethingthatIreally ng.绘画才是正喜欢做的事Wemayeventually emembersoftheclubbutthisisnotsomethingthatshouldberushedinto.我们最终会成为成员的，但不能草率行事。domissomethingwhichiswonnotgranted.19—7 whowishtoenterthecinemashouldbuyaA. B. C. D.Ihaveexined IcantoA. B. C. D.Doyouknowthe heoften B.towhoheoftenC.tothatheoften D.whomheoftentalksThe weyfootballisveryA. B. C.on D.Whoisthe madeA. B. C. D.The webuiltlastyearisveryA. B. C. D.Doyouthink waswhathe B.heC.whichhe D.ashe wantstogoraftingthisweekend，raiseyourhands，Anyone B.ThoseC. D.Icanthinkofmanycases studentsobviouslyknewalotof