GCT英语核心词汇 解析(四)

PAGEGCT英语核心词汇解析(四)gross total Exclusiveofdeductions;total:总的不从中扣除的；总的：grossprofits.毛利See:wholeUnmitigatedinanyway;utter:十足的在各方面都很完全的；纯粹的：grossimcompetence.十足的无能Glaringlyobvious;flagrant:公然的十分明显的；罪恶昭著的：grossinjustice.公然的非正义行为Broad;general:大致的，总括的：thegrossoutlinesofaplan.一项计划的大概的要点gross总的；全部的grossdomesticproduct(GDP)国内生产总值guidevt领路；带领Theyguidedustotheoffice.他们带领我们到了办公室。领导；引导；指导影响；支配；操纵Beguidedbyyourfeeling.按你的感觉行事。n向导；导游；指南；指导aGuidetoEnglishGrammar英语语法指南旅游指南(=guidebook)ashopper'sguide.购物指南说明书guide,conduct,lead,steer作为动词在一起比较的一般含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。guide(抽象名词guidance，具体名词guide“向导”)是通用词，可以用于“为别人带路”、“指导别人的学习、品行修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险Thousandsoflanternsslowlydriftouttoseaguidingthedeadontheirreturnjournerytotheotherworld.数千只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。guidedmetomyseat;带我到我的座位上去；HeisnowstudyingundertheguidanceofProfessorGreen.他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。而conduct(抽象名词conductance“传导力”，具体名词conductor“向导者”，公共汽车等的“售票员”)在表示“指导”、“引导”时含有明显的主从关系，即被引导者不服从是不可以的Thepolicemaneventuallyhadhishandstiedupandconductedhimtoashelter.警察最后把他的双手绑了起来并把他带到一个防空洞。Doyoupreferconductedtoursorindependenttravel?你是喜欢导游还是喜欢独立地去旅行？lead(抽象名词leadership“领导”，具体名词leader“领袖”、“领队”)可以表示“领导”、“带路”，但它总含有领导者走在前面，而把被领导者控制在自己的权威之下，或被领导者处于秩序井然的状态中的意思ledthetroopsintobattle;率领军队投入战斗；Ourguideledusthroughaseriesofcaves.我们的向导带领着我们穿过一个接一个的洞穴。steer(抽象名词steerage“操纵”，具体名词steersman“舵手”)一般表示“驾驶”、“掌舵”，但常用于比喻，词义引伸后有“操纵”、“指导”的意思。尤其适用于表示“指导着度过难关”的意义steeredtheapplicanttotheproperdepartment;引领求职者到应到的部门；TheCuttySarkrolledfromsidetosideanditbecameimpossibletosteerher.卡蒂萨克号左右摇晃着，驾驶这只船是不可能的了。Soonthecountrywillbesteeredtopeaceandprosperity.这个国家很快便会被带入和平与繁荣之境。ateacherpilotinghispupilsthroughthemuseum;老师带领学生参观博物馆；shepherdingtouriststothecharteredbus;带领游客到租订的汽车；usheringavisitorout.陪来访者出去。harness(=makeuseof)利用天然力使产生动力toharnessarivertomakeelectricity利用河流发电Somescientistsareworkinghardathowtidecanbeharnessedtoproduceelectricity.有些科学家正在努力研究怎样利用潮汐发电harnessawaterfall利用瀑布产生动力hastehurry n急速；匆忙，仓促InmyhasteIforgotmycoat.我在匆忙中忘了我的外套。Makehastetocome.快来。Marryinhasteandrepentatleisure.(谚)草率结婚后悔多。Whyallthishaste?为什么这么匆忙?Morehastelessspeed.欲速则不达。hastehurryspeed都含“快速”、“快”的意思。haste指“急速的行动”,其原因可能是环境压力,也可能是强烈的愿望,如:Shemadehastetotellhermotherthegoodnews.她赶快将好消息告诉她母亲。hurry指“仓促忙乱的动作”,如:thehurryofcitylife忙乱的城市生活。workedsystematicallybutwithouthurry;有条不紊地工作；speed指“快速的动作”,暗指“不忙乱、有效率”,如:increasethespeedofanassemblyline提高装配线的速度。hazarddangern.危险；冒险；公害Achanceofbeinginjuredorharmed;danger:意外，危险受伤或受损的可能性；危险：Spacetravelisfullofhazards.太空旅行充满危险Apossiblesourceofdanger:可能的危险之源：afirehazard.一个潜在的火灾源ahazardtohealth对健康有危害TherearemanyhazardsinajourneyacrossAfrica.穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。Hislifewasfullofhazards.他的一生是充满着冒险的一生。vt冒险；使遭受危险Rock-climberssometimeshazardtheirlives.攀登岩石者有时要冒生命危险。Hehazardedallhismoneytosavethebusiness."他孤注一掷,拿出了所有的钱来挽救企业。"冒昧地说，大胆地说Youmayhazardaguess.你可以来大胆猜一下。hesitateholdback犹豫；踌躇Hehesitatedbeforeheansweredbecausehedidn'tknowwhattosay.他在回答之前犹豫了一下，因为他不知道说什么。"Wedonothesitatetogiveourlivesforourcountry,letalonesuffersomehardships.""我们不惜为国献身,更不必说吃点苦了。""Ihesitatetoaskyou,butwillyoulendmeyourcarforafewdays?""我真不好意思向你开口,你能把汽车借给我用几天吗?""Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadressthatwasinthewindow.""尽管她迟疑了片刻,但最后还是进了店,并且要求给她拿一件陈列在橱窗里的衣服看看。"Shehesitatedoverthechoicebetweenthetwoblousesforherdaughter.这两件短恤衫她拿不定主意究竞挑哪一件给她女儿。hesitateatnothing毫不犹豫地做某事Incaseyouneedsomething,pleasedon'thesitatetoaskme.如果你需要什么东西,请不客气地对我说。Hewhohesitatesislost.[谚]当断不断,必受其患。Embarrassmentcausedmetohesitate.窘迫使得我(讲话)吞吞吐吐。hikewalkAfterthehiketotheriverthesoldierscampedforthenight.战士们行军到那条河后便支起帐篷过夜。hobbypastime Heworksinabank,buthishobbyisbuildingmodelboats.他在银行工作，但他的业余爱好是做船舶模型。"Anypersonalhobbiessuchassports,musicandcollectingstampsneverhadaplaceinhislife.(喻)""任何一种个人的业余爱好,如体育活动,音乐,集邮等等在他的生活中从未有过地位。"pastimeSailingisherfavoritepastime.驾帆船是他最喜爱的娱乐活动Swimmingismyfavoritepastime.游泳是我最喜欢的一种娱乐。recreation娱乐；消遣Footballistheboys'usualrecreationafterschool.踢足球是男孩子们放学后通常的娱乐活动。hostileveryunfriendlyOf,relatingto,orcharacteristicofanenemy:敌方的，敌对的敌人的，与敌人有关的，敌对性质的：hostileforces;hostileacts.敌对力量；敌对行动Feelingorshowingenmityorillwill;antagonistic:敌意的怀有敌意或恶意的，显示敌意或恶意的：ahostileremark.充满敌意的话Unfavorabletohealthorwell-being;inhospitableoradverse:不利的不利于健康或幸福的；不适宜的或有害的：ahostileclimate.恶劣气候EversinceIgotbettermarksthanParker,hehasbeenhostiletome.自从我比派克得分高以后，他就对我不友好了。Amiablefriendlyhumiddamp潮湿的identicalsameasadj同一的；同样的Weareidenticalinourviewsofwhatshouldbedone.我们双方对应当怎么办的看法是一致的。Thisistheidenticalhotelthatwestayedinlastyear.这就是我们去年住过的那家旅馆。Thesetwodesignsarealmostidentical.这两种式样几乎完全相同。（常与with连用）完全相同的Myopinionisidenticalwithhis.我的意见和他的意见相同。identicaltwins同卵双生Thehandwritingonbothchequesisidentical.两张支票上的笔迹完全相同。Theopinionsareidentical.意见完全一致。(be)identicalin在方面是相同的TheseT-shirtsareidenticalincolor.这些体恤衫在颜色上完全一致。(be)identicalwith和完全相同,和...一致AisidenticalwithB.A和B完全相同。Myopinionisidenticalwithhis.idle lazyadj停顿的；不工作的；不做事的；空闲的Menareleftidlewhenmachinesbreakdown.机器坏了时，工人们便无事可做了。懒惰的Herex-husbandisreallyidle.她的前夫真的很懒。无用的；无价值的Don'tlistentoidletales.别听无用的闲话。Itwouldbeidletoarguefurther.再辩论下去也不会有什么效果。（useless）无因的；无由的idlefears无端的恐惧Hiswordswerejustidlethreats;Youdon'thavetotakethemtooseriously."他的话只不过是吓人的空话,你不必太认真了。"vi不做事；游手好闲idlinginthepark在公园里闲逛（发动机）怠速转动，怠速运转（与away连用）消磨时间idlingawaythehours消磨时光ignoreneglect不理睬；忽视Itriedtotellherbutsheignoredme.我打算告诉她，可是她不理睬我。"Ignorethechildifhemisbehaves,andhe'llsoonstop.""小孩不乖时,别去理他,不久他就会不闹了。"n无知；愚昧Hisignoranceissurprising.他的无知令人吃惊。Ignoranceofthelawisnoexcuse.不懂法律不能成为借口。Weareincompleteignoranceofhisplans.我们完全不知道他的计划。illustrate加插图Thebookwasillustratedwithcolorphotographs.这本书配上了彩色照片。举例说明Thespeakersaidhewouldendeavortoillustrate.演讲人说他将设法举例说明。Hisstoryillustrateshertruegenerosityveryclearly.他所说的事很清楚地说明了她确实慷慨大方。demonstrateimmensehugeadj极大的Hemadeanimmenseamountofmoneyinbusiness.他在生意中赚了一大笔钱。"Thegovernmentwillbebuildingnewhotels,animmensestadium,andafinenewswimmingpool.""政府打算建造许多新的旅馆,一个巨大的露天运动场和一个漂亮的新游泳池。"animmenseimprovement巨大的改进Theperformancewasimmense.演出好极了。Bighugelargegiantgreat inferdeduce 推断；推知；推论toinferanunknownfactfromaknownfact从已知的事实推断出未知的事实Iinferfromyourletterthatyouhavenotmadeupyourmindyet."我从你信中推想,你还没有下决心。"意味着Raggedclothinginferspoverty.破衣烂衫意味着贫穷。inferdeduceconcludejudgegather都含“推断”,“结论”、“推论”的意思。infer指“由已知的事实或信念进行推理而得出(结论)”,如:FromyoursmileIinferthatyou'repleased.从你的笑容,我断定你很高兴。deduce指“根据充分证据或从一般原则进行逻辑推理而推出”,如:Themethodwasdeducedfromexperiments.这个方法是经过实验推论出来的。conclude指“由已知事实或信念预期或推导出必要的结果、意见、概念等”,如:FromtheevidenceImustconcludethatyou`arewrong.从证据看,我敢断定你错了。judge强调“对前提进行衡量和核对以作出判断”,如:Ican'tjudgewhethersheisrightorwrong.我不能断定她是对还是错。gather是非正式用语,指“由已知的事实或言行中得出(想象、想法等)”,可与infer,conclude互换,如:Igatherfromhiswordsthatheisangry.根据他的话来推测,他生气了。inevitableunavoidableadj.不可避免的;无法避免的;必然(发生)的老一套的;照例必有的;惯常的合情合理的;逼真的theinevitablecourseofhistory历史的必由之路Deathisinevitable.死是不可避免的。Marywaswearingherinevitablelargehat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。unavoidableinfect poison inheritacquirefrominstinctintuition intensesevere intimateveryfriendlyjamslowdownjusticefairnessknitweavelackshortagelengthenmakelongerliablelikelyliberatefreemaintainretainmanualbyhandmanufacturemake,produce maturefull-grownmendfix,repairmissiontaskmoistdampmonoplymortgage mutualinteractiveneutralimpartialnourishraisenumerousverymany nurturecultivateobligationcommitmentobligeforce obstacleobtainacquireoffendhurt,injureomitleaveoutoptionalvoluntaryoptimistic fullofhope outputproductionpackcompact partialbeingapart passiveinactiveperceivesense,feel permanenteverlastingpermitallowphasestagepledge promiseplungejumppostpone delay praisespeakhighlyofpredictforecastpremiumbonusprecious valuableprevailbebetterthanpromptswiftprosecutesuesb. qualifymeetrequirementsforquitgiveuprageveryangryreassuremakesb.ease rebelbeagaisntreckonthink recoverre-obtainrecreationentertainmentreformmakebetterreinforcestrengthen rejectrefuserescue save resignwithdrawfromresist fightagainstrestrictlimitretainmaintainrevisemodifyreverseturnbackrivalcompetewithrushhaste scanskimscarcerareseizegraspsegmentpart separatedividesequenceoutcome shallownotdeepshrinkdrawbackshiftchangesituatedlocatedslend