2022-2023学年陕西省西安市莲湖区高一（下）期中英语试卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年陕西省西安市莲湖区高一（下）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）ASharingChina2023ContestThecontestiscallingforentriesfromallovertheworld.Regardlessofwhetheryouareaprofessionaloranamateur，whoyouareorwhereyouarefrom，youarewelcometosendusphotosofmemorablemomentsaboutChina.

TheRules

•Allentriesmustberealandnotphotoedited.Thetoneandcoloroftheimagemaybeslightlyadjusted.Compositionandcuttingareallowed.

•EntriesshouldbeinJPGorJPEGformat，nolessthan2MBforeach.Photoscouldbecompressed（压缩），butpleasekeeptheoriginalfile.Ifthewinningphotosarepublishedonthepage，theoriginalfilewillberequired.

•Entriescanbesinglephotosoraseriesofphotos.Aseriesofphotoscountsasoneentryandeachseriesmaycontainfourtotenphotos.

Entriesshouldhavetitlesandashortphotodescription，suchastime，placeandpeopleinthephoto.

AwardsandPrizes

Thecontestwillselect50photos.

★5forfirstprize：2，000RMB

★15forsecondprize：1，000RMB

★30forthirdprize：600RMB

Theorganizerwillpaythetaxonbehalfofthewinners.

When

Submission：fromDec20，2022toFeb12，2023

Selectionandranking：fromFeb13，2023toMay15，2023

Resultannouncement：June30，2023

Forinformationaboutshortfilmcontestpleasevisit：C1.Whoaretheactivitiesintendedfor？______A.AnyonewhotakesphotosaboutChina.

B.ThosewhohavelivedinChinaforalongtime.

C.PeoplewhoareawareofChinaverywell.

D.ForeignerswhocometoChinaforthefirsttime.2.Whichofthefollowingagreeswithcontestrules？______A.Allentriesareforbiddentobecut.

B.Allentriesmustbeaseriesofphotos.

C.Alloriginalphotosareofnomorethan2MB.

D.Allentriesshouldincludephotointroductions.3.Whenwillthepublicknowtheresult？______A.OnFeb13，2023. B.OnMay15，2023.

C.OnJune30，2023. D.OnFeb12，2023.BHungerisaveryrealproblemaroundtheglobe.Thisyear，almost7millionpeoplehavediedofhungeralready.Whydopeoplestilldieofhungerwhenthere'smorethanenoughfoodintheworld？

Well，consideringthatthereareplacesintheworldwherebasicneedslikehousingandclean，drinkablewaterarenotmet，thenitdoesn'tcomeasasurprisethatfoodisjustnotaccessibletothem.Thefoodexists—itjustdoesn'tgettowhereitneedstobe.

NigerianfarmerSamsonOgboledecidedtogoaheadandcultivate（培育）fruitandvegetablesinadifferentway.Ogbole'sfarmingprocesscentresaroundtwoconcepts：soillessfarm-ingandaeroponics（气雾栽培）.Toputitsimply—he'sgrowingfoodintheair.

AsOgboleexplainedduringaTEDtalk，aeroponicsisthefutureofagriculturebecauseitoffersmanybenefits.Forexample，itischeaperthantraditionalfarmingbecausethereisnoneedtohireasmanyworkerssinceeverythingisdonewitha"click".Also，thiskindoffarm-ingismoreenvironmentallyfriendlysincefarmersdon'tusepesticides.Atthesametime，therearenospacelimitations—plantingintheairmeansyoucanplantasmanylayersasyoulike.Theskyisthelimitliterally!

So，theyoungfarmerhasbeenpracticingaeroponicsformorethanfiveyearswithimpressiveresults.Hisworkwasrecentlypraisedonsocialmediathissummerwhenhewasfeaturedinanetworkpost.Inthepost，Ogbole'sfarmingmethodwasmentioned，andInternetusershadthechancetoseepicturesofthefarmer'sproduce.

ManyviewersthinksouthernNigerianeedsthismethodtogrowcrops.Thiswillhelpinbringingdownthepriceandavoidingfuturefoodblockadesfromthenorth.Itseemsthatpeoplearealreadyrealizingthatthismethodwillchangethewaypeoplegrowfood.And，mostimportantly，itwillhelpsolvesomeoftheissuesrelatedtohungeraroundtheworld.4.Whatdoesthefigureinparagraph1show？______A.Thenecessityofgrowingfoodintheair.

B.Thenumberofhungrypeople.

C.Theseriousnessofhunger.

D.Theexistingpopulationproblem.5.Whydopeoplestillstarvetodeathintheworldaccordingtothetext？______A.Foodisnotequallyshared.

B.Theirbasicneedsarenotmet.

C.Thereisnotenoughfoodsupply.

D.Theyhavenoscientificplantingmethods.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout？______A.Thetheoryofaeroponics.

B.Theadvantagesofaeroponics.

C.Howtogrowfoodintheair.

D.Thedownsidesoftraditionalfarming.7.WhatdoviewersthinkofOgbole'sfarmingmethod？______A.Unrealistic. B.Funny. C.Promising. D.Helpless.CAnewstudyfromNorthCarolinaStateUniversityfoundthatbiologytextbookshavedoneapoorjobofincludingmaterialrelatedtoclimatechange.Forexample，thestudyfoundthatmostbiologytextbookspublished（出版）inthe2010sincludedlessinformationaboutclimatechangethantheydidinthepreviousdecade—despitesignificantadvancesinourunder-standingofhowclimatechangeisinfluencingecosystemsandtheenvironment.

"Inshort，wefoundbiologytextbooksarefailingtoshareenoughinformationaboutclimatechange，whichisageneration-definingtopicinthelifesciences，"saysJenniferLandin，authorofthestudy."ThesebooksarethebaselinetextsforhelpingstudentsunderstandthescienceoflifeonEarth，yettheyareprovidingverylittleinformationaboutaphenomenonthatishavingagreatimpactonhabitats，ecosystems，agriculture—almosteveryaspect（方面）oflifeonEarth."

Forthestudy，researchersinvestigatedcoverageofclimatechangein57collegebiologytextbookspublishedbetween1970and2019.Theresearchersfoundclimatecoveragehasvariedgreatlyoverthosefivedecadesandthattheamountofclimatecoverageintextbooksfelloffinthe2010s.Inadditiontolength，thenatureofthecontenthasalsochangedgreatlyovertime.

"Oneofthemosttroublingfindingswasthattextbooksaredevotinglessspacetoad-dressingclimatesolutionsnowthantheydidinthe1990s—evenastheyfocusmoreontheeffectsofclimatechange，"Landinsays."Thatsuggeststostudentsthatnothingcanbedone，whichisbothwildlymisleadingandcontributestoasenseoffatalism（宿命论）regardingclimatechange."

"Wearehopingthatthisstudywillserveasawake-upcallforpublishersandinstructors.Weneedtodoamuchbetterjobofputtingclimatechangeintoourcoursesifwewanttopre-parestudentstounderstandtherolethatclimatechangeisplayinginshapinglifeonEarthandhowwestudyit，"Landinsays.8.Whatistheexampleinparagraph1usedtodo？______A.Provebiologytextbooks'poorperformance.

B.Showthedissatisfactionwithclimatechange.

C.Attracttheattentionofstudentsstudyingbiology.

D.Showthecontentoftextbookspublishedinthe2010s.9.WhatistheproblemofbiologytextbooksaccordingtoLandin？______A.Noenoughmaterialaboutclimatechange.

B.NotcoveringeveryaspectoflifeonEarth.

C.Providinglittlenewinformationaboutbiology.

D.Nogeneration-definingtopicsinthetextbooks.10.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy？______A.Bytrackingtextbookpublishers.

B.Bydoingsurveysofstudentsincolleges.

C.Byobservingclimatechangefor50years.

D.Byinvestigatingcollegebiologytextbooks.11.WhatdoesLandinexpectthestudytofunctionas？______A.Awake-upcallforbiologyscience.

B.Awarningtotakebiologyseriously.

C.Adirectionofstudyingclimatechange.

D.Analarmbellforpublishersandteachers.DAhealthydietmaynotoffset（抵消）theeffectsofahighsaltintakeonbloodpressure，suggestsanewstudy.Theresearch，fromscientistsatanumberofinstitutions，studiedthedietsofover4，000people.Theresultsshowedthatpeopleeatinghigheramountsofsalthadhigherbloodpressure—nomatterhowhealthyaperson'soveralldiet.

Thescientistsbehindtheresearcharenowadvisingpeopletomonitortheirsaltintake—andfoodcompaniestolowerthesaltcontentintheirproducts.

HighbloodpressureaffectsmorethanoneinfouradultsintheUK，andincreasestheriskofanumberofconditionsincludingheartattacksandstroke.It'sthoughtthatvitaminsandmineralsinfruitandvegetablesmightinsomewayaffectbloodvessels（血管），enablingthemtolowerbloodpressure.Previously，expertsbelievedthateatinghighamountsoffruitandvegetablesmighthelpoffsettheeffectsofhighsaltonbloodpressure.However，whilethesefoodsdotendtolowerbloodpressure，thenewresearchsuggeststheydonotoffsettheadverseinfluenceofhighsaltintake.

Inthepaper，theteamstudieddatafromtheso-calledINTERMAPstudy.Inthisstudypublishedin2018，scientiststrackedthedietsof4，680people，aged40-59，fromtheUSA，theUK，JapanandChina.Theresearchersfoundalinkbetweenhighbloodpressureandhighsaltintake，eveninpeoplewhowereonahealthydiet.

TherecommendedupperlimitofadultsaltintakeintheUKis6gaday.Thestudyfoundthattheaveragesaltintakeacrossthestudywas10.7gaday.TheaverageintakefortheUKwas8.5g，whiletheintakefortheUSA，ChinaandJapanwere9.6g，13.4gand11.7grespectively.

Increasingsaltintakeabovethisaverageamountwaslinkedtoanincreaseinbloodpressure.DrQueenieChan，jointleadauthoroftheresearch，saidtheresearchshowstheimportanceofcuttingsaltintake.12.Whatcanfoodindustrydotohelplowerpeople'shighbloodpressure？______A.Makesalt-freefoodonly.

B.Monitorthequalityoftheirproducts.

C.Takecontroloftheirsaltproduction.

D.Cutdownsaltcontentintheirproducts.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"adverse"inparagraph3mean？______A.Adventurous. B.Harmful. C.Brief. D.Average.14.Whichofthefollowingnationshasthehighestaveragesaltintake？______A.TheUSA. B.China. C.Japan. D.TheUK.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.Ahealthydietmaynotoffsettheeffectsofhighsaltintake

B.Highbloodpressureisrelatedtohighsaltintake

C.Researchshowstheimportanceofcuttingsaltintake

D.Peopleeatinghigheramountsofsalthavehigherbloodpressure二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Forsomepeople,income,fame,andagoodwork-lifebalancearethemostimportantaspectswhenchoosingacareer（职业）path.

(1)

.Lookingforajobwhereyoucanmakeadifference?Herearesomechoicesworthexploring.EmergencyservicesWhetheryouchoosetojointhepolice,ambulance,orfireandrescueservice,thereareplentyofrolesinthisfield.

(2)

.Youˈllneverhaveaboringdayatwork,butyouˈllalsohavetodealwithalotofpressureandstressonaregularbasissinceajobasafirstresponderisbothmentallyandphysicallydemanding.

(3)

Caringforthoseinneedcangiveyouasenseofpurposeandhelpyouconnectwithpeopleonadeeperlevel,soitˈsaveryrewardingjob.Butthiscareerpathcanbeequallydemanding,stressful,andexhausting.Empathy,patience,compassion,greatcommunicationskills,goodobservation,initiative,andphysicalstrengtharesomeofthemostimportantcaregiverskillsandqualitiesyouneedinthisfield.CharityworkWorkingforacharityistheverydefinitionofhelpingandsupportingpeopleinneed.Fromworkingincommunications,HR,orITtochoosingajobinadministrationorfundraising,therearedifferentwaysinwhichyoucanbringyourcontribution.

(4)

.Socialwork

(5)

.Youˈllbeworkingwithsomeofthemostweakgroupsofpeopleinsocietysuchastheelderly,children,adultswithmentalhealthissues,andsoon.Youˈllhelppeopledealwithchallengingsituations,whichcanbebothfrighteningandextremelyrewarding.A．CaregivingB．NursingandhealthcareC．Thus,youˈllbeabletohelppeopleD．ItwillputyouattheforefrontofsocialchangeanddevelopmentE．TheyallowyoutoserveyourcommunityandmaketheworldabetterplaceF．Forothers,thepossibilitytohelpothersfaroutweighstherestofthebenefitsG．Besides,charityjobsmayalsoprovidefreeworkinghoursandconditionsofemployment16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）WhentheTVstationreportedacomingcoldstorminsoutheastIdaho，farmersimmediatelytook（1）______.Mostofthefarmershadtowork16-18hoursadaytogettheirpotatoes，beforethecoldairfelldeepintothesoil.Snowwas（2）______hardandfast.However，onefarmerinHamer，Idaho，about32milesnorthofIdahoFalls，was（3）______togatherallofhiscropintime.

Realizinghis（4）______，hisneighbors，workingunitedlywiththeirfellowfarmers，senttheirworkersto（5）______hiscrop.Withtrucksloadedwithequipment，（6）______workersandfarmersdidn'tthinktwiceaboutreachingouttoafarmer（7）______.

Dozensofmembersofthe（8）______alsojoinedinthehelp.Theyallshowedupjustintimeastemperatureshit2（9）______overnight.JasonLarson，afarmerwholivednearby，sent25workersto（10）______intheemergencyoperations.Withthecrisisaverted（避免），itis（11）______thatthecommunityworkedhandinhandtosaveseveralhundredthousanddollars（12）______ofpotatoes.

Larsonwitnessed（见证）allthisandsaid，"Itwasjustkindofneattoseeeveryonehelp.Itwaspretty（13）______tohelpsomeoneinneed.Whatpeopledoisthattheyhelptheirneigh-bor.There（14）______wasn'tasecondthoughtaboutit.Thiskindofthing（15）______everyday."21.

A.action B.effect C.part D.charge22.

A.rising B.rushing C.quitting D.falling23.

A.lucky B.unable C.easy D.slow24.

A.fortune B.mind C.trouble D.question25.

A.buy B.plant C.sell D.save26.

A.overtired B.terrified C.confident D.satisfied27.

A.onend B.inneed C.attimes D.atall28.

A.community B.company C.station D.school29.

A.points B.areas C.degrees D.squares30.

A.escape B.focus C.watch D.assist31.

A.promised B.said C.proved D.admitted32.

A.size B.quantity C.worth D.quality33.

A.cool B.hard C.clever D.shy34.

A.only B.mostly C.mildly D.really35.

A.goesoff B.goeson C.passesaway D.fadesaway四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.Scientistshavediscoveredsixnewspeciesoffrogthesizeofathumbnail（拇指甲）intheforestsofMexico，withoneearningthedistinctionofMexico'ssmallestfrog.

Allsixspeciesare（1）______（small）thananAustralianfive-centcoin—around15mmlong—whentheyarefully（2）______（grow）.Adultmalesofthetiniestofthesespecies，namedCraugastorcandelariensis，grow（3）______only13mm.Thenewlydiscoveredspecies（4）______（know）as"direct-developing"frogs：Ratherthanhatchingfromeggsintotadpoles（蝌蚪）likemostfrogs，theyemergefromtheeggsasperfectminifrogs.Andthey'resosmallthatthey'rerightat（5）______bottomoftheforestfoodchain.

Withmillionsofthesefrogs（6）______（live）intheleaflitter，they'relikelytoplaya（7）______（huge）importantroleintheecosystemasasourceoffoodforeverythingelse，fromlizardstopredatorybirds.Untilnowthesenewspecies（8）______（go）unnoticedbecausethey'resmallandbrownandlookreallysimilartootherfrogs.

Theirlifestyleiscompletelyfascinating.Thesefrogsliveinthedark，humidleaflitteroftheforests，（9）______islikeasecretworld.Scientistsdon'treallyknowanythingaboutwhatgoesonthere.Theydon'tunderstandtheir（10）______（behave），howtheysocialise，orhowtheybreed.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.每年的五月的第二个星期日是母亲节，请你就此写一篇短文向英语校刊投稿，内容包括：

（1）对妈妈的感恩之情；

（2）给妈妈的祝福。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Iwenttoasupermarkettopickupsomethings.Iplacedmypurseinthebabycarry-onchairandturnedmybacktoaddsomecabbagesintoabagforsupper.Thecart（购物车）wasrightnexttomeoneminuteago，thengone!

AsIlookedaround，Ididnotseeanabandonedcartnormine.Isearchedthefruitandvegetablearea，andeverycartbutwithnoluck，nopurse!MyheartstartedpoundingasIrealizedthatsomeonemayhavetakenmypurse.

Iwalkedtoamemberofstaff，explainingwhathappened.Herantogetthemanager.Themanagerlistenedcarefullyandtoldmeshewouldgointoherofficeandcheckthecameratoseewhathappenedonthevideoandcallthepoliceifnecessary.Ifeltverynervousthen.Itoldthemmypursehadmykeys，license，phone，identification，etc.Meanwhile，thestaffsaidhewouldcheckcarts.Themanagerrantoherofficeatthefrontofthestoretocheckthecamera.

AyoungladyhadjustwalkedbyaskingifIwasOK.Isaid，"Notgood，butthanks."Iaskedifshehadacellphonetocallmyphonetocheckifsomeonewouldpickitup.Butnooneansweredit.Ithankedher.Shesaidshewouldaccompany（陪伴）metillIfoundmypurse.Icouldn'tthankherenough.

Afterawhile，themanagercamebackandtoldmeshehadseenanoldwomaninthecameravideotakemycartwhenIwasinthemeatsection.NotuntilthattimedidIrememberedthattherewasindeedawomannearmepickingoutgoods.Shemusthavedraggedmycartbyaccident!

Irushedtothemeatsection，followedbythemanagerandtheyounglady.Tomyrelief，Ifoundtheoldwomanwithoutanyeffort.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Iapproachedherandtoldherwhathadhappened.

Iaccompaniedtheoldladytothemanager'sofficetocheckthecameraagain.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、D、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Regardlessofwhetheryouareaprofessionaloranamateur，whoyouareorwhereyouarefrom，youarewelcometosendusphotosofmemorablemomentsaboutChina.（无论您是专业人士还是业余爱好者，无论您是谁，无论您来自哪里，都欢迎您向我们发送有关中国难忘时刻的照片）可推知，这些活动是针对任何拍中国照片的人。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据TheRules中Entriesshouldhavetitlesandashortphotodescription，suchastime，placeandpeopleinthephoto.（参赛作品应该有标题和简短的照片描述，如时间、地点和照片中的人）可知，所有参赛作品应包括照片介绍符合比赛规则。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据when中Resultannouncement：June30，2023（结果公告：2023年6月30日）可知，公众会在2023年6月30日知道结果。故选C。

这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了"分享中国2023大赛"的相关信息。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】C、A、B、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段This

year，almost

7

million

people

have

died

of

hunger

already.（今年已经有约700万人死于饥饿）可知第一段中的数字显示了饥饿问题很严重。故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The

food

exists—it

just

doesn't

get

to

where

it

needs

to

be.（食物是存在的，只是没有到达需要它的地方）可知世界上食物分配不平等是导致饥荒的原因。故选A。

（3）段落大意题。根据第四段As

Ogbole

explained

during

a

TED

talk，aeroponics

is

the

future

of

agriculture

because

it

offers

many

benefits（Ogbole认为气雾栽培是农业的未来，因为它有很多好处。）可知，此段主要介绍气雾栽培的优点。A.The

theory

of

aeroponics.雾培理论；B.The

advantages

of

aeroponics.雾培技术的优势；C.How

to

grow

food

in

the

air.如何在空气中种植食物；D.The

downsides

of

traditional

farming.传统农业的缺点。故选B。

（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段It

seems

that

people

are

already

realizing

that

this

method

will

change

the

way

people

grow

food.And，most

importantly，it

will

help

solve

some

of

the

issues

related

to

hunger

around

the

world.（人们似乎已经意识到这种方法将改变人们种植食物的方式。最重要的是，它将有助于解决世界各地与饥饿有关的一些问题。）可知人们认为该方法非常有前景。A.Unrealistic.不现实的；B.Funny.有趣的；C.Promising.有前景的；D.Helpless.无助的。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。尼日利亚农民

Samson

Ogbole用一种新的方式气雾栽培，种植水果和蔬菜。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】A、A、D、D【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A

new

study

from

North

Carolina

State

University

found

that

biology

textbooks

have

done

a

poor

job

of

including

material

related

to

climate

change.（研究表明，生物教科书在纳入气候变化相关材料方面做得很差）可知第一段中的例子用来证明生物教科书的糟糕表现。也就是说后面一句举例是为了论证该观点。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段"In

short，we

found

biology

textbooks

are

failing

to

share

enough

information

about

climate

change，which

is

a

generation-defining

topic

in

the

life

sciences，"says

Jennifer

Landin（"简而言之，我们发现生物教科书未能分享足够的关于气候变化的信息，这是生命科学中定义一代人的话题，"詹妮弗•兰丁说）可知，生物教科书缺乏足够的关于气候变化方面的资料。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段For

the

study，researchers

investigated

coverage

of

climate

change

in

57

college

biology

textbooks

published

between

1970

and

2019.（在这项研究中，研究人员调查了1970年至2019年间出版的57本大学生物学教科书中关于气候变化的报道。）可知，研究人员是通过研究1970年至2019年出版的57本大学生物教科书中关于气候变化的内容才得出的结论。A.By

tracking

textbook

publishers.通过追踪教科书出版商；B.By

doing

surveys

of

students

in

colleges.通过对大学学生的调查；C.By

observing

climate

change

for

50

years.通过观察50年的气候变化；D.By

investigating

college

biology

textbooks.通过调查大学生物课本。故选D。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段We

are

hoping

that

this

study

will

serve

as

a

wake-up

call

for

publishers

and

instructors.（我们希望这项研究能给出版商和教师敲响警钟。）可知，Landin希望这项研究能为出版商和教师敲响警钟。故选D。

本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现，生物教科书在纳入气候变化相关材料方面做得很差。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

12~15.【答案】D、B、B、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段The

scientists

behind

the

research

are

now

advising

people

to

monitor

their

salt

intake—and

food

companies

to

lower

the

salt

content

in

their

products.（这项研究背后的科学家现在建议人们监控盐的摄入量，并建议食品制造商降低产品中的含盐量。）可知食品工业降低了产品中的盐含量，以帮助降低人们的高血压。故选D。

（2）词义推测题。根据第三段Previously，experts

believed

that

eating

high

amounts

of

fruit

and

vegetables

might

help

offset

the

effects

of

high

salt

on

blood

pressure.However，while

these

foods

do

tend

to

lower

blood

pressure，the

new

research

suggests

they

do

not

offset

the

adverse

influence

of

high

salt

intake.（此前，专家认为食用大量水果和蔬菜可能有助于抵消高盐对血压的影响。虽然这些食物确实有助于降低血压，但新的研究表明，它们并不能抵消高盐摄入的不利影响。）可知adverse的意思是"有害的，不利的"。A.Adventurous.冒险的；B.Harmful.有害的，不理的；C.Brief.简短的；D.Average.平均的。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据第五段The

recommended

upper

limit

of

adult

salt

intake

in

the

UK

is

6

g

a

day.The

study

found

that

the

average

salt

intake

across

the

study

was

10.7

g

a

day.The

average

intake

for

the

UK

was

8.5

g，while

the

intake

for

the

USA，China

and

Japan

were

9.6

g

，13.4

g

and

11.7

g

respectively.（英国人的平均盐摄入量为8.5克，而美国人、中国人和日本人的平均盐摄入量分别为9.6克、13.4克和11.7克。中国人的平均盐摄入量最高。）可知中国平均盐摄入量最高。故选B。

（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段A

healthy

diet

may

not

offset（抵消）

the

effects

of

a

high

salt

intake

on

blood

pressure，suggests

a

new

study.（一项新的研究表明，健康的饮食可能无法抵消高盐摄入对血压的影响。）可知，健康的饮食可能无法抵消高盐摄入对血压的影响。后面几段围绕此话题展开。因此最佳标题是A.A

healthy

diet

may

not

offset

the

effects

of

high

salt

intake（健康的饮食可能无法抵消高盐摄入的影响）。故选A。

本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明，即便是健康的饮食也可能无法抵消高盐摄入对血压的影响。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

16~20.【答案】F、C、A、D、E【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些可以有所作为并值得探索的职业选择。

1.

根据上一句For

some

people，income，fame，and

a

good

work-life

balance

are

the

most

important

aspects

when

choosing

a

career（职业）

path.（对一些人来说，在选择职业道路时，收入、名气和良好的工作与生活平衡是最重要的方面。）可知此处说的是职业选择对人们的影响。所以F项"对其他人来说，帮助他人的可能性远远超过其他好处"符合语境。故选F。

2.

根据上一句Whether

you

choose

to

join

the

police，ambulance，or

fire

and

rescue

service，there

are

plenty

of

roles

in

this

field.（无论你选择加入警察、救护车还是消防救援服务，在这个领域都有很多角色。）可知此处说的是在这个领域有很多机会可以帮助到别人。所以C项"因此，你将能够帮助人们"符合语境。故选C。

3.

根据下一句Caring

for

those

in

need

can

give

you

a

sense

of

purpose

and

help

you

connect

with

people

on

a

deeper

level，so

it's

a

very

rewarding

job.（照顾那些需要帮助的人可以给你一种目标感，并帮助你与更深层次的人建立联系，所以这是一份非常有回报的工作）可知此处说的是照顾别人。所以A项"护理"符合语境。故选A。

4.

根据本段标题

Charity

work（慈善工作）以及上一句From

working

in

communications，HR，or

IT

to

choosing

a

job

in

administration

or

fundraising，there

are

different

ways

in

which

you

can

bring

your

contribution.（从从事通信、人力资源或IT工作到选择行政或筹款工作，你可以通过不同的方式做出贡献。）可知此处说的是从事慈善工作的好处，以及接触到的社会前沿工作。所以D项"它将使你处于社会变革和发展的前沿"符合语境。故选D。

5.

根据下一句You

'

ll

be

working

with

some

of

the

most

weak

groups

of

people

in

society

such

as

the

elderly，children，adults

with

mental

health

issues，and

so

on.（你将与社会上一些最弱势的群体合作，如老年人、儿童、有心理健康问题的成年人等。）可知此处说的是为社区服务。所以E项"他们让你为社区服务，让世界变得更美好"符合语境。故选E。

21~35.【答案】A、D、B、C、D、A、B、A、C、D、B、C、A、D、B【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.action行动；B.effect影响；C.part部分；D.charge费用。句意：当电视台报道了爱达荷州东南部即将到来的冷暴时，农民们立即采取了行动。根据上文"When

the

TV

station

reported

a

coming

cold

storm

in

southeast

Idaho"可知，有冷暴即将到来，因此推断农民立即开始采取行动。take

action"采取行动"。故选A。

（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.rising上升；B.rushing冲；C.quitting放弃；D.falling降落。句意：雪下得又大又快。根据上文"a

coming

cold

storm"可知，冷暴来袭，下大雪。故选D。

（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.lucky幸运的；B.unable不能的；C.easy容易的；D.slow展示。句意：然而，位于爱达荷州瀑布以北约32英里的爱达荷州哈默的一位农民不能及时收集他所有的庄稼。根据下文"his

neighbors，working

unitedly

with

their

fellow

farmers，sent

their

workers

to（5）_____his

crop"可知，人们来帮忙，因此可知这位农民不能及时收集他所有的庄稼。故选B。

（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.fortune运气；B.mind头脑；C.trouble麻烦；D.question问题。句意：邻居们意识到他的麻烦后，联合其他农民，派工人来救他的庄稼。根据上文"However，one

farmer

in

Hamer，Idaho，about

32

miles

north

of

Idaho

Falls，was（3）_____to

gather

all

of

his

crop

in

time."可知，这位农民遇到了麻烦，不能收集所有的庄稼。故选C。

（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.buy买；B.plant种植；C.sell卖；D.save挽救。句意：邻居们意识到他的麻烦后，联合其他农民，派工人来救他的庄稼。根据上文"his

neighbors，working

unitedly

with

their

fellow

farmers"可知，邻居来帮忙收割庄稼，挽救他的庄稼。故选D。

（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.overtired劳累过度的；B.terrified极度惊慌的；C.confident自信的；D.satisfied满意的。句意：卡车上装满了设备，劳累过度的工人和农民毫不犹豫地向有需要的农民伸出援助之手。根据上文"Most

of

the

farmers

had

to

work

16-18

hours

a

day

to

get

their

potatoes，before

the

cold

air

fell

deep

into

the

soil."可知，工人和农民每天工作16到18个小时，理应是非常疲惫的。故选A。

（7）考查固定短语及语境理解。A.on

end连续地；B.in

need在危难中；C.at

times有时；D.at

all根本。句意：卡车上装满了设备，劳累过度的工人和农民毫不犹豫地向有需要的农民伸出援助之手。根据上文"However，one

farmer

in

Hamer，Idaho，about

32

miles

north

of

Idaho

Falls，was（3）_____to

gather

all

of

his

crop

in

time."可知，农民处于危难中。故选B。

（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.community社区；B.company公司；C.station车站；D.school学校。句意：数十名社区成员也加入了帮助。根据上文"his

neighbors"可知，社区的人们来帮忙。故选A。

（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.points点；B.areas区域；C.degrees程度，度；D.squares广场。句意：在夜间气温达到2度时，他们及时来到。根据上文"before

the

cold

air

fell

deep

into

the

soil"可知，冷空气来袭，气温下降到2度。故选C。

（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.escape逃跑；B.focus集中；C.watch观看；D.assist援助。句意：住在附近的农民拉森（jason

Larson）派出了25名工人协助紧急救援行动。根据上文"sent

25

workers"可知，Jason

Larson也派出了25个工人参与救助。故选D。

（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.promised允诺；B.said说；C.proved证明；D.admitted承