2023届安徽省马鞍山市高三第二次教学质量监测语英语试卷（含听力）

2023届安徽省马鞍山市高三第二次教学质量监测英语试题本试卷共8页，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项:1.答题前，考生务必用毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、座位号、考生号填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3.回答非选择题时，必须用毫米的黑色墨水签字笔作答。答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分):听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheexam?A.Easy. B.Creative. C.Difficult.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IthinkIcangetanAinthisexam.It’snotsodifficultasfarasI’mconcerned.M:Really?Thisexamisarealkillerforme.I’llbesatisfiedifIcangetapassmark.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhenwillLinda’sinterviewbegin?A.At9:00. B.At9:30. C.At9:50.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Linda,youonlyhavehalfanhour.Hurryup,oryou’llbelatefortheinterview.W:Don’tworry,dear.It’sonly9:00now.Theinterviewhasbeendelayedby20minutes.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthemancometothelibrary?A.Toreturnabook. B.Torenewabook. C.Toborrowabook.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’dliketorenewthisbook,please.Hereismylibrarycard.W:Letmecheck.Sorry,butyouhaveanotherbookthatisoverdue.Youneedtoreturnitfirst.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabakery. B.Inazoo. C.Inarestaurant.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Mum,Ididn’thavebreakfast.IfeelIcaneatahorsenow.W:Dear,thisbakeryhasintroducedsomenewtypesofcakesrecently.Youcanchoosewhatyoulike.Thenwe’llhavelunchwithyourdadinanewrestaurant.M:Great!5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whoisthemanprobablytalkingto?AAnewsreporter. B.Ashopassistant. C.Atravelagent.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,sir.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Well,I’dliketoasksomethingaboutthepackagetouryouadvertisedinthelocalnewspaper.W:OK.Whatexactlydoyouwanttoknow?M:Hmm…willtheguidetakeustosomeshoppingmalls,forexample?第二节(共15小题:每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟:听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatisthemanworkingfor?A.Apress. B.Aschool. C.Abookstore.7.Whatisthewoman’splantoday?A.Toreadabook. B.Toattendaninterview. C.Tomeetherclassmates.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Tina.Haven’tseenyouforagessincewegraduatedfromcollege.W:Hi,Jack.How’severything?M:Notbad.W:Whereareyouworking?M:Alocalpress.W:Soundscool!Bytheway,willyougototheclassreunionnextSaturday?M:That’sforsure.Well,wouldyouliketogototheXinhuaBookstorewithmenow?It’sagoodplacetoread.W:I’dloveto,butIhaveajobinterviewintwohours.M:Oh,goodluck!SeeyounextSaturday.W:Seeyouthen.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdidthemanenjoydoingduringhisbreak?A.Readingnovels. B.WatchingTV. C.Playinggames.9.Howlongdidittakethemantorecoverfromhisankleinjury?A.Fiveweeks. B.Sixweeks. C.Sevenweeks.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:Ihurtmyanklewhilerunningsevenweeksago.ThedoctortoldmetostayathomeandrestuntilIrecovered.W:Itmustbeboringtostayathome.M:That’swhatIthoughtatfirst,too.InsteadofwatchingTVandplayingcomputergames,Ifoundmyselfahobby—readingnovels.W:Well,itsoundslikeyouhadaprettygoodtime.Whenwillyoubeabletogorunningagain?M:ActuallyIrecoveredaweekago,butIwanttofinishthenovelI’mreadingbeforeIstartrunningagain.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Co-workers. B.Relatives. C.Strangers.11.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inataxi. B.Atabusstop. C.Atasubwaystation.12.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Introducehertohisfriend. B.Treathertolunchtoday. C.Helpherifshegetslost.【答案】10.C11.B12.C【解析】【原文】W:Sorrytobotheryou,butdoesthisbusgotothebusinessdistrict?M:Itdoes.Why?Doyouworkdownthere?W:Yes.I’msupposedtobeattheACMEBuildingby9:00,butIdon’tthinkI’mgoingtomakeitontime.M:Well,Iworkinthebuildingjustacrossthestreetfromyou.W:Really?Actually,it’smyfirstdayonthejob.Doyouthinkitwouldbefasterifwesharedataxi?M:Inthistraffic,itwon’tmakeadifference.Ifyouruntothesubwaystation,youmightcatchthenexttrain.Thatwilltakeyoustraightthere.W:I’mnotfromaroundhere.I’dprobablygetlost.M:Noproblem.Hey,doyouhaveWeChatonyourphone?W:Yes,Ido.I’mCareBear99.M:OK,I’llsendyouafriendrequestnow.Ifyougetlostorneedsomeonetoshowyouaround,I’dbehappytohelp.Maybewecanevenhavelunchtogethersometimenextweek.W:Sure,whynot?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.WhatdoesCAPPhelpstudentstodo?A.Applyforajob. B.Dobusinesswell. C.Liveahealthylife.14.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherself?A.Sheiscurious. B.Sheisreliable. C.Sheisadventurous.15.Wherewillthemanprobablyvolunteer?AInaschool. B.Atanathleticstore. C.Onaconstructionsite.16.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Ajobplan. B.Futurecareers. C.Aschoolcourse.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.C【解析】【原文】W:Didyougetyournewschedule?Letmesee,Iwanttoknowifweareinsomeofthesameclasses.M:Sure.Hey,look!We’rebothinCAPP!I’mnotsurewhatitis.W:ItiscalledCareerandPersonalPlanning.EveryGrade12studenthastotakeit.M:Doyouknowwhatit’sallabout?W:Itteachesusaboutthebusinessworld.Actually,it’sabouthowtofindajob.Italsohelpsusdiscoverourstrengths,weaknesses,andinterests.M:Oh,Isee.SosinceIamcuriousandlikeadventure,Imightbeagoodreporter.Whatdoyouthinkisyourbestquality?W:IalwaysdowhatIsayI’mgoingtodo.Imean,youcanalwayscountonmeifyouneedsomething.M:Great!W:Wealsohavetovolunteeratajobforoneweekend.Ifyouwant,Icangetyouajobatmydad’sathleticstore.M:I’dratherworkwithsomeoneIknow.Mybrotherisbuildinghishouserightnow,andheneedssomehelp.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.HowmanykindsofteawillMsWeitalkabout?A.Three. B.Four. C.Five.18.WhatwillMsWeidescribeaboutteainthefirstpartofthelecture?A.Itshistory. B.Itskinds. C.Itstastes.19.Inwhichpartofthelecturecantheaudiencemaketea?A.Thesecond. B.Thethird. C.Thefourth.20.Whenwillthefamouschefdeliveralecture?A.InApril. B.InMay. C.InJune.【答案】17.B18.A19.A20.B【解析】【原文】Thisweekend,therewillbeaspecialthree-hourlecturecalled“ThePerfectCupofTea.”MsWei,anInternationalteaexpert,willteachyoutheproperwaytopreparesomedifferentkindsoftea.Inherlecture,shewilltalkaboutIndianblacktea,NorthAfricanminttea,ChinesejasmineteaandEnglishmilktea.Duringthefirstpartofthelecture,MsWeiwilldescribethehistoryofteaandhowitspreadtodifferentareas.Inthesecondpart,theaudiencewillhaveachancetomakethefourdifferentkindsoftea.Youwilldiscovertheperfectwatertemperatureandcookingtimeforeachone.Inthethirdpart,youwilllearnhowtorecognizegoodtealeavesbyhowtheylookandsmell.Thelasthalf-hourofthelecturewillbereservedforquestions.Thisisthefirstlectureinaseries.Nextmonth,theheadofatwo-starrestaurantinNewYorkCitywilltalkabouthisamazingjourneyfromadishwashertoafamouschef.Thefollowingmonth,inJune,youwilllearninfourhourshowtomakeoneofthehardestdishes:Shanghaidumplings.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADesertsaredryecosystemsthatreceivelessthan250millimetresofrainfallayearonaverage.Herearetheworld’sseveralbigdeserts.AntarcticDesertAntarcticais,onaverage,thecoldest,windiestanddriestofalltheworld’scontinents.Withanaverageannualrainfallofjust166millimetresalongthecoastalregionsandevenlessfartherinland,itmeetsthestandardofadesert.Thecontinenthasonlyplantsthatcanliveinaregionsocoldanddry.AustralianDesertTheAustraliandesertconsistsofteninterlinkedsmallerdeserts.Together,theycover18percentofthemainlandandcontributetomakingAustraliatheworld’sseconddriestcontinent.Thedesertsarefarfromdeserted,populatedbynativeanimalslikekangaroos.ArabianDesertTheArabianDesertcoverstheentireArabianPeninsulaandcontainstheRub’al-Khali,oneoftheworld’slargestcontinuousbodiesofsand.Bedouins,thenativepeople,havecrossedthesesandsforcenturies,drivingsheep,cattle,camelsandgoatsintothedesertduringtherainywinterseasonandmovingbacktowardfarmlandduringthedrysummermonths.KalahariDesertStrictlyspeaking,theKalaharidoesn’tmeetthestandardofadesertasitswettestregionscanreceivemorethan500millimetresofraininverywetyears.However,itremainsextremelydry.Rainfilters(渗入)rapidlythroughthevastexpansesofsand,leavingnothingonthesurface.Theevaporation(蒸发)rateistwiceasgreatastherainfallinthesouthwesternhalfoftheKalahari.Thedesertishometoseveralimportantnationalparksandreserves,providingsheltersforvariousspecies.21.Whichdesertismadeupofsmallerdeserts?A.AntarcticDesert. B.AustralianDesert. C.ArabianDesert. D.KalahariDesert.22.WhatdoweknowaboutBedouins?A.Theyareonthemove. B.Theyaregoodatgrowingplants.C.TheycomefromAustralia. D.Theybenefitfromlocaltourism.23.WhatisspecialaboutKalahariDesert?A.Ithasenoughrainfalls. B.Itcoversabigarea C.Itispoorlyprotected. D.Itdriesupquickly.【答案】21.B22.A23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沙漠是干旱的生态系统，每年平均降雨量不足250毫米。文章重点介绍了世界上的三个大沙漠。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据AustralianDesert中“TheAustraliandesertconsistsofteninterlinkedsmallerdeserts.”（澳大利亚沙漠由十个相互联系的小沙漠组成。）可知，澳大利亚沙漠是由更小的沙漠组成的。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据ArabianDesert中“Bedouins,thenativepeople,havecrossedthesesandsforcenturies,drivingsheep,cattle,camelsandgoatsintothedesertduringtherainywinterseasonandmovingbacktowardfarmlandduringthedrysummermonths.”（当地居民Bedouins人几个世纪以来一直穿越这些沙漠，在多雨的冬季把绵羊、牛、骆驼和山羊赶进沙漠，在干燥的夏季回到农田。）可知，Bedouins一直都在移动中。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据KalahariDesert中“However,itremainsextremelydry.Rainfiltersrapidlythroughthevastexpansesofsand,leavingnothingonthesurface.TheevaporationrateistwiceasgreatastherainfallinthesouthwesternhalfoftheKalahari.”（然而，它仍然非常干燥。雨水迅速地冲刷着广阔的沙土，在沙土表面上什么也没有留下。蒸发速率是喀拉哈里西南半部降雨量的两倍。）可知，卡拉哈里沙漠的特别之处是它干的特别快。故选D项。BIhavealwayshadpets.Myfirstanimalfriendswereguineapigs.AndthenItriedmybesttopersuademyparentstogetadog.ForsomereasontheydidnotseemtobelieveIwouldwalkthedogthreetimesaday,nomatterhowhardItried.Thenmymothersaidafriend’scathadhadkittensandwecouldgoandgetone.AtfirstIwasdisappointed,butwithtimeIlearnedtoloveourcatsomuchIhavehadcatseversince.Ijusthavetoremembertobolteverythingintoplace.IfIdon’t,thingsfly(theyseemtogetairbornewhencatsarearound—themoreexpensiveanobjectis,themoreitseemstoenjoyflying).Also,wateringplantsisnoproblem.Duringtheyearsalltheplantshavedisappearedexceptthecactuses(仙人掌).Theydon’tseemtointerestcatsmuch.Nordotheyneedmuchwater.Itwouldbenicetogetflowers,butIdoadviseagainstanyonebringingthemtome.Nomatterwhatflower—itisconsideredakittysnack.Changingfurnitureisnicetoo.Catshelpinlettingusknowwhenitistimetochangethesofa.EitherwhenthefabricstartstolooklikeEinstein’shairthathasbeencombedwithcats’paws(爪子),orwhennoamountofvacuuming(用吸尘器打扫)helpsinrevealingtheoriginalcolorofthecouch,thankstothegenerousdonationofcathair.Asoftsofaisnice,sure,butitsortofgetsabitembarrassingwhen,allourguestsleavethehousewithfur-trousers.Icouldgoonandontotellyoumoreinterestingstoriesbetweenusnexttime!24.Whydidtheauthor’sparentsturnhimdownwhenhewantedtohaveadog?A.Theydidn’tfavourdogs. B.Theydidn’tthinkhecouldattenddogswell.C.Theyhadalreadyhadapet. D.Theythoughtdogsmightmessthehouseup.25.Whichofthefollowingcanexplain“bolteverythingintoplace”underlinedinparagraph3?A.Keepeverythingfastened. B.Keepeverythingorganized.C.Haveeverythingprepared. D.Haveeverythingrepaired.26.Whatcanweinferabouttheplantsfromparagraph4?A.Theyarereplacedbynewones. B.Theyaresenttotheguests.C.Theyaremostlyeatenbythecats. D.Theyarefrequentlywatered.27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tocomplainabouthiscats. B.Tosharefunexperiencesofpettingcats.C.Tocomparehisdifferentpets. D.Tointroducehisskillsforkeepingpets.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要分享了作者养小猫的一些趣事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ForsomereasontheydidnotseemtobelieveIwouldwalkthedogthreetimesaday,nomatterhowhardItried.(出于某种原因，他们似乎不相信我会每天遛狗三次，无论我多么努力。)”可知，作者的父母担心作者不会每天遛狗三次，也就是说，父母是担心他不会好好照顾宠物狗。故选B项。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线短语后的“IfIdon’t,thingsfly(theyseemtogetairbornewhencatsarearound—themoreexpensiveanobjectis,themoreitseemstoenjoyflying).(如果我不这样做，东西就会飞起来（当有小猫在的时候，它们似乎就会飞起来——越贵的东西似乎越喜欢飞）。)”可知，划线句子前面的内容是说“我必须要记得做划线短语那件事”，如果没记住做这件事，家里的一切就会“飞”起来，结合选项可知，所以为了防止一切不会“飞”起来，只能“把一切都固定好”符合逻辑。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Nomatterwhatflower—itisconsideredakittysnack.(不管什么花——它都被认为是小猫零食)”可知，小猫会把所有的花都当成零食，由此可推断，小猫会把这些花当零食吃掉。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Icouldgoonandontotellyoumoreinterestingstoriesbetweenusnexttime!(下次我可以继续告诉你我们之间更多有趣的故事！)”可知，作者说下次继续讲述与小猫在一起的趣事，由此推断，本文写作的目的是分享与小猫在一起的趣事。故选B项。CAccompaniedbytypicalJinoperamusic,ared-facedperformerwithalongbeardshowedupatthehallofahighschoolinTaiyuan,ShanxiProvince.Allthestudentsinthehallstoodupandcraned(伸长)theirneckstogetabetterlook.Intheireyes,Jinoperawassomethingfromthepast.Theyarenotalone.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatkidsnowadaysaremuchmorefamiliarwithpopularmusicthantraditionalopera,whichiswhyperformingartistWuLingyun,togetherwithhiscolleagues,goestocampusestopromotetheart.WuLingyunisbestknownforhisroleasGuanGong,ageneralduringthelateHanDynastyperiod.Wubeganplayingtherolein1985,attheageof21,andhasbeenassociatedwithiteversince.Wuwassignificantlyinfluencedbyhisparents,bothofwhomarealsofamousJinoperaperformers.Withanaturaltalentforperformingandgreateffort,WuwassoonrecognizedbyaudiencesandlaterawardedtheChineseDramaPlumBlossomAwardin2000,thehighestawardforChinesedramaperformingarts.GivenWu’sconsiderablefame,onemightthinkhewouldnowprefertoenjoyalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Wuhasabigdream.HepicturesagrowingfutureforJinopera.Wuexpectedmorechancesformorepeopletogettoknowabouttheart,hopingJinoperacouldbecomeaworldwideart.Wuhasalsomadesomechangestothetraditionalarttobringitup-to-date.“Jinoperashouldkeeppacewiththetimesifwewanttobringitbacktolifeandgettheyounggenerationtoacceptit,“hesays.“Anartwithoutlifecanneversurvive”“28.Howdidthestudentsreacttotheperformanceatthehall?A.Theybecamebored. B.Theygotdisappointed. C.Theyfeltcurious. D.Theylookedcasual29.WhatdoweknowaboutWuLingyun?A.Hegotatopawardin2000. B.Hestartedhisperformanceinhisteens.C.Henowenjoysaleisurelife. D.Hebecamefamousbecauseofhisparents.30.WhatdoesWuLingyunexpectofJinopera?A.It’llbestudiedasacollegemajor. B.It’llbeofficiallyrecognized.C.It’llhaveaneasierperformingform. D.It’llbepopularacrosstheworld.31.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWuLingyun?A.Humorous. B.Kind-minded. C.Cautious. D.Devoted.【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是晋剧表演艺术家武凌云的艺术成就以及他推广晋剧成为一门世界艺术的决心。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Allthestudentsinthehallstoodupandcraned(伸长)theirneckstogetabetterlook.Intheireyes,Jinoperawassomethingfromthepast.(大厅里的所有学生都站了起来，伸长了脖子，以便看得更清楚。在他们看来，晋剧是过去的东西。)”可知，孩子们伸长脖子一探究竟，由此可知，孩子们对这项艺术表演充满了好奇。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Withanaturaltalentforperformingandgreateffort,WuwassoonrecognizedbyaudiencesandlaterawardedtheChineseDramaPlumBlossomAwardin2000,thehighestawardforChinesedramaperformingarts.(凭借天生的表演天赋和巨大的努力，武凌云很快得到了观众的认可，后来在2000年获得了中国戏剧梅花奖，这是中国戏剧表演艺术的最高奖项。)”可知，武凌云在2020年获得了中国戏剧界最高荣誉——中国戏剧梅花奖。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Wuexpectedmorechancesformorepeopletogettoknowabouttheart,hopingJinoperacouldbecomeaworldwideart.(武凌云希望有更多的机会让更多的人了解晋剧艺术，希望金戏能够成为一门世界性的艺术。)”可知，武凌云希望更多人知道这门艺术，希望晋剧成为一门世界艺术，由此可知，他希望晋剧在全世界流行受欢迎。故选D项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“GivenWu’sconsiderablefame,onemightthinkhewouldnowprefertoenjoyalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Wuhasabigdream.HepicturesagrowingfutureforJinopera.Wuexpectedmorechancesformorepeopletogettoknowabouttheart,hopingJinoperacouldbecomeaworldwideart.(鉴于武凌云的名气很大，人们可能会认为他现在更愿意享受悠闲的生活。然而，情况远非如此。在内心深处，武凌云有一个远大的梦想。他描绘了晋剧的成长未来。武凌云希望有更多的机会让更多的人了解晋剧艺术，希望晋剧能够成为一门世界性的艺术。)”以及尾段中的“Wuhasalsomadesomechangestothetraditionalarttobringitup-to-date.(吴还对传统艺术进行了一些修改，使其与时俱进。)”可知，武凌云在取得一定成就后还要将晋剧推广到世界，而且还对晋剧做出改变，使其与时俱进，由此可推断，武凌云是一个对自己的事业全身心投入的人。故选D项。DTogivegrasshoppers(蚱蜢)somecredit--jumpingacrossyardsandbetweenbranchestakesalotmoreexpertisethanitmightappear.Thereareincrediblytinyfactorstoconsider,suchastheresistanceinlaunchsurface,aswellasdesireddistance,speed,andlanding.Mostjumpingrobotscan’tcompetewiththeinsect,astheirjumpsarelimitedtostartingatopextremelyrigidsurfaces.ButanewbouncingrobotdevelopedbyresearchersinCarnegieMellon’sCollegeofEngineeringiscrossingthosebarriers,andshowingpromiseforhowautonomousdevicescouldoperateinthefuture.AteamofscientistsledbyprofessorofmechanicalengineeringSarahBergbreiterrecentlyoptimizedarobot’slatchmechanisms(弹簧机制)usedtoboostitupward.Previously,theselatcheswereprimarilythoughtofassimple“on/offswitchesthatenabledthereleaseofstoredenergy.However,Bergbreiterandherteamemployedmathematicalmodelingtoillustratethattheselatchesbothwerecapableofcontrollingenergyoutput,aswellascontrollingthetransfer(传递)ofenergybetweenthejumperandthelaunchsurface.Totesttheirwork,theteampositionedasmalljumpingrobotatopatreebranchandrecordedthepreciseenergytransfersinitsjumps’firstmoments.“Wefoundthatthelatchcannotonlymediate(调节)energyoutputbutcanalsomediateenergytransferbetweenthejumperandtheenvironmentthatitisjumpingfrom,”saidBergbreiter.Nowthatresearchersbetterunderstandtheinteractionsatplayintheopeningmomentsofjumping,theycannowbeginworkingonwaystointegratethisintofutureroboticdesigns.“Ithasbeennearlyimpossibletodesigncontrolledinsect-sizedrobotsbecausetheyarelaunchedinjustmilliseconds,“explainedBergbreiter.“Now,wehavemorecontroloverwhetherourrobotsarejumpinguponefootorthree.It’sreallyfascinatingthatthelatch--somethingthatwealreadyneedinourrobots--canbeusedtocontroloutputsthatwecouldn’thavecontrolledbefore.”32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowaboutthenewrobotbymentioninggrasshoppers?A.Itcomeswithtechnicaldifficulties. B.Itcanbeattheinsecteasily.C.Itisthefirstonedesignedforjumping. D.Itisshapedlikethetinycreature.33.WhatadvantagedolatchesdesignedbyBergbreiterhaveoverthetraditionalones?A.Theyarebetterpositionedinrobots. B.Theyhelpreleasemoreenergyatatime.C.Theyworkinextremeenvironments. D.Theyhavemorethanasinglefunction.34.WhatdoesBergbreiterthinkoftheirwork?A.Ithaschangedtheirresearchdirection. B.Itinspiresnewapplicationsofrobots.C.Itbringsthemasenseofachievement. D.Itwillmakerobotssmallerandlighter.35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anewmodelforfuturerobots. B.Astepforwardinrobotdesign.C.Jumpingrobotsinspiredbygrasshoppers. D.Effortstodevelopinsect-sizedrobots.【答案】32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研团队通过优化机器人的弹簧机制，使机器人的弹跳能力获得极大的改良。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Thereareincrediblytinyfactorstoconsider,suchastheresistanceinlaunchsurface,aswellasdesireddistance,speed,andlanding.”（还有一些非常微小的因素需要考虑，比如发射表面的阻力，以及理想的距离、速度和着陆。）及第二段“Mostjumpingrobotscan’tcompetewiththeinsect,astheirjumpsarelimitedtostartingatopextremelyrigidsurfaces.ButanewbouncingrobotdevelopedbyresearchersinCarnegieMellon’sCollegeofEngineeringiscrossingthosebarriers,andshowingpromiseforhowautonomousdevicescouldoperateinthefuture.”（大多数跳跃机器人无法与该昆虫竞争，因为它们的跳跃仅限于从极其坚硬的表面开始。但卡内基梅隆大学工程学院的研究人员开发的一种新型弹跳机器人正在跨越这些障碍，并显示出未来自主设备如何运行的前景。）可知，大多数弹跳机器人在弹跳能力上都无法与蚱蜢匹敌，但新型弹跳机器人正在克服这些障碍，提高弹跳能力，故作者提及蚱蜢卓越的弹跳力是为了展示新型弹跳机器人想要获得类似的弹跳能力需要克服重重技术难关。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句第三句“Previously,theselatcheswereprimarilythoughtofassimple“on/offswitchesthatenabledthereleaseofstoredenergy.However,Bergbreiterandherteamemployedmathematicalmodelingtoillustratethattheselatchesbothwerecapableofcontrollingenergyoutput,aswellascontrollingthetransfer(传递)ofenergybetweenthejumperandthelaunchsurface.”（以前，这些弹簧主要被认为是简单的“开启/关闭开关，可以释放储存的能量”。然而，Bergbreiter和她的团队使用数学建模来说明，这些弹簧既能能控制能量输出，也能控制能量在跳线和发射表面之间的传递。）可知，和之前的弹簧机制比较，Bergbreiter的团队设计的弹簧功能更多。故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Now,wehavemorecontroloverwhetherourrobotsarejumpinguponefootorthree.It’sreallyfascinatingthatthelatch--somethingthatwealreadyneedinourrobots--canbeusedtocontroloutputsthatwecouldn’thavecontrolledbefore.”（现在，我们可以更好地控制我们的机器人是跳一英尺还是三英尺。这真的很吸引人，弹簧——我们在机器人上已经需要的东西——可以用来控制我们以前无法控制的输出。）可知，Bergbreiter认为他们的工作取得了重大的突破，给他们带来了成就感。故选C项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“ButanewbouncingrobotdevelopedbyresearchersinCarnegieMellon’sCollegeofEngineeringiscrossingthosebarriers,andshowingpromiseforhowautonomousdevicescouldoperateinthefuture.”（但卡内基梅隆大学工程学院的研究人员开发的一种新型弹跳机器人正在跨越这些障碍，并显示出未来自主设备如何运行的前景。）及第三段第一句“AteamofscientistsledbyprofessorofmechanicalengineeringSarahBergbreiterrecentlyoptimizedarobot’slatchmechanisms(弹簧机制)usedtoboostitupward.”（由机械工程教授SarahBergbreiter领导的科学家团队最近优化了用于推动机器人向上跳跃的弹簧机制。）并结合下文弹簧机制优化后的成效可知，本文主要介绍了通过优化机器人的弹簧机制，机器人设计向前迈进了一步。故选B项。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowIImprovedMyLifein2022Bytheturnof2022,IthoughtIwaslivingmindfullyandrathersustainably.Ihadbeencomposting(做堆肥)fruitandvegetableleftovers,andrepairingmyownclothes.Butaslifewaseasingbackintonormal,certainaspectsmademefeeluncomfortable,liketheamountofplasticbeingthrownaway.____36____.ThesefeelingsmademerealizetherewasstillroomforimprovementandIwasupforitthroughouttheyear.Takeupwalking.Thebiggestchangethisyearformehasbeentotakeupwalkingwholeheartedly.Havingspentsomuchtimeindoors,IwantedtohaveagentleformofexercisewhereIcouldenjoytheoutdoors.Istartedwalking.Walkingconnectedmetothebeautifulcreaturesthatliveamongus.____37____.Tackleplasticwaste.ItwasonlyafterIstartedcompostingthatIrealizedhowmuchorganicwasteevenasmallhouseholdcouldgenerate.____38____Luckily,ourcityoffersadoor-to-doordrywasterecyclingservice,5Rcycle,thatvisitseverytwoweeksandcollectsit.____39____Refillsareagreatsolutiontosingle-useplasticsandtoreducemywastefootprint.EarlierthisyearIswitchedtoorderinghouseholdgoodsfromacompanythatsuppliesrefillsfororganickitchencleaners,toiletcleaners,andevenwashingmachinepowder.Establishamorningroutine.Wakingupearlycomeswithitsownsetofbenefits,namelyamorningroutine.IdosomemorningreadingbeforeIbrush,followedbymywalk.Then,Icyclefor20minutesbeforeIshower.____40____.Meanwhile,theykeepmyeveningsfreesothatIcanmeetfriends,read,orconnectwithfamily,andslowlypreparemybodytorestasnightapproaches.A.Uselessplastics.B.Switchtorefills.C.Ithelpedmetoreflectuponlife.D.Householdwasteiseasytodealwith.E.Theseactivitiespreparemefortheday.F.Ineededtofindasolutionforthewaste.G.Iwasalsofeelingunfitandunmotivated.【答案】36.G37.C38.F39.B40.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是作者如何改善自己2022年生活的。【36题详解】根据空前“Butaslifewaseasingbackintonormal,certainaspectsmademefeeluncomfortable,liketheamountofplasticbeingthrownaway.(但随着生活逐渐恢复正常，某些方面让我感到不舒服，比如塑料被扔掉的数量。)”讲述的是作者对生活恢复正常后的感受，结合空后的“ThesefeelingsmademerealizetherewasstillroomforimprovementandIwasupforitthroughouttheyear.(这些感觉让我意识到还有改进的余地，我一整年都在努力。)”可知，此空处应该是指的作者的某种感受，G选项“Iwasalsofeelingunfitandunmotivated.(我也感到不合适和没有动力。)”讲述的为作者的感受，also是关键信息，且与空后内容吻合。故选G项【37题详解】根据空前的“Walkingconnectedmetothebeautifulcreaturesthatliveamongus.(步行将我与生活在我们中间的美丽生物联系起来。)”可知，作者散步时把作者与周围美丽的生物联系在一起，结合空格所处的位置，此处是对该段的总结，C选项“Ithelpedmetoreflectuponlife.(它帮助我反思生活。)”中的it代指的内容为空前的walking，且内容与本段相吻合。故选C项。【38题详解】根据本段小标题“Tackleplasticwaste.(解决塑料垃圾问题。)”以及空后的“Luckily,ourcityoffersadoor-to-doordrywasterecyclingservice,5Rcycle,thatvisitseverytwoweeksandcollectsit.(幸运的是，我们的城市提供了一个挨家挨户的干垃圾回收服务，5Rcycle，每两周上门收集一次。)”可知，此处讲述的内容与垃圾处理有关系，F选项“Ineededtofindasolutionforthewaste.(我需要找到解决垃圾的方法。)”讲述的是作者想找到处理垃圾的办法，与本段主题吻合，且与下文内容衔接恰当。故选F项。【39题详解】分析篇章结构可知，此处应为本段的主题句，应为祈使句，结合空后的“Refillsareagreatsolutiontosingle-useplasticsandtoreducemywastefootprint.(补充装材料是一次性塑料的绝佳解决方案，可以减少我的垃圾足迹。)”可知，本段讲述的内容与补充装材料相关，B选项“Switchtorefills.(转换到补充装。)”讲述的内容与本段内容一致，句式与其他段落主题一致。故选B项。【40题详解】根据空前的“IdosomemorningreadingbeforeIbrush,followedbymywalk.Then,Icyclefor20minutesbeforeIshower.(在我刷牙之前，我会做一些早读，然后散步。然后，我在洗澡前骑20分钟自行车。)”可知，这些是作者早上的一些列的活动，E选项“Theseactivitiespreparemefortheday.(这些活动为我这一天做好了准备。)”中的theseactivities指代的内容与空前内容一致。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Therewasthisoneincidentinmylife,whereI’vewantedforaverylongtime,tobeabletosaythankyoutothepersoninvolved.The____41____happenedinJune,1975.Itbeganwhenmyfamily,consistingofme,myhusbandandourtwodaughters,aged14and15atthetime,____42____toCanada.Onlymy____43___