2023届安徽省黄山市高中毕业班第二次质量检测英语试卷

黄山市2023届高中毕业班第一次质量检测英语试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。答案应写在答题卷上，不能答在试题卷上。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whichtrainwillthemancatch?A.The6:00pmone.B.The6:40pmone.C.The7:15pmone.2.Whyisthewomantirednow?A.Shewashedsomeshoes.B.ShedidsomecookingC.Shewentforarun.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Mummerandcustomer.C.Goodfriends.4.Whatdoesthewomanplantodotomorrowmorning?A.Makeacake.B.Prepareaparty.C.Pickupthedrycleaning.5.Whatarethespeakersprobablytalkingabout?A.Aprogramhost.B.Ateacher.C.Anactress.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。听第6段材料，回苔第6至7题。6.WhereisAndynowprobably?A.IntherestaurantB.Inthesportscenter.C.Attheairport7.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.TosendaninvitationtoAndy.B.ToaskAndyforsomeinformation.C.TotellAndythenewmeetingtime.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atthewoman’shome.B.Intheoffice.C.Inthehospital.9.Whatdoesthewomanneed?A.Somemedicine.B.Somefood.C.Somemagazines.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whichtypeofroomdocsthewomanwant?AAsingleroom.B.Adoubleroom.C.Aqueenroom.11.Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayintotal?A.$100.B.$250.C.$500.12.Whatisthewomangoingtodofirst?A.Showherpassport.B.Visitthebookedroom.C.Makethepayment.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howmanymusiciansdidthewomaninterview?A.Three.B.Six.C.Nine.14.Whatdidthemusicianshaveincommon?A.Theywereallyoung.B.Theywereallmales.C.Theyallwonsomeprizes.15.Whatdidthewomanworryaboutbeforeconductingtheinterviews?A.Theprocedureoftheinterviews.B.Theinterviewmethod.C.Thequalityoftheinterviews.16.Whatdidthewomanthinkoftheinterviews?A.Difficult.B.Informal.C.Interesting.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.MakingareportB.Hostingaprogram.C.Givingaclass.18.Wherecanlistenerslistentopopmusic?A.OnRadio1.B.OnRadio2.C.OnRadio3.19.Whatarelistenersusuallyrequiredtopayfor?A.Thelatestmovies.B.ThefamoussongsC.Thelivesportsgames20.Whatisrecommendedforthelatestnews?A.Thenationalradio.B.TV1andTV2C.Thelocalnewspapers.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分375分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APassionateVolunteerLanguageEducatorsforInternationalGlobalvoyageWantedTheGlobalEnglishEspañolTrainingProgramme(GET)isPeaceBoar’sEnglishandSpanishschool.Onourvoyages,thisprogrammeisrunbyinternationalteamsofpassionatevolumeterteacherswhoinspireourstudentstouselanguagetomakeconnectionswithpeoplefromallovertheworld.GETisnowacceptingapplicationsforEnglishandSpanishlanguageteachersforthe113thGlobalVoyage.TheapplicationsmustbesubmittedbeforeAugust1,2023.AllinterviewswillbeconductedonlineandwilltakeplacebetweenAugust29,2023andSeptember2,2023.Formoreinformation,downloadourapplicationpackorsendusanemail.PeaceBoatandGETarekeepingup-to-datewithglobalCOVID-19developments.Thesafetyofourpassengers,volunteers,staff,andcrewismostimportant.Conditionsofemployment:Thispositionisforenthusiastic,highlymotivated,dynamicindividualswithaminimumof18monthsoffull-timeteachingexperience.ApplicantsshouldbehighlyadvancedspeakersofEnglishorSpanish,althoughitisnotnecessarytobea“native”or“firstlanguage”speaker.Certification,graduatedegreesandormulti-languageabilitiesarehighlyregarded-thoughnotrequired.Pleasenote:thisisavolunteerposition,butvoyageexpensearecovered.Allsuccessfulapplicantsmustbeabletoattendthepre-voyagerulingtobeheldinTokyoroughlyoneweekbeforetheofficialdeparturedate.ForSpanishteachers:PleasenotethatallteacherrelatexdGETProgrammeadministrativeactivitiesandcorrespondenceareconductedinEnglish.AllapplicationmaterialshouldbepresentedinEnglish.1.Whatistheapplicationsdeadline?A.August1,2023. B.August31,2023.C.August29,2023. D.September2,2023.2.Whatisrequiredoftheappearance?A.Theymusthavefull-timeteachingexperience.B.Theymusthavegraduatedegrees.C.TheyhavetopayfortheirvoyageexpensesthemselvesD.Theyhavetoworkwithnativespeakersforover18months.3.WhatshouldSpanishapplicantspayattentionto?A.LearningaboutseaareasaroundJapan.B.TakingavoyagearoundJapanbeforethedeparturedate.C.KeepinginclosetouchwithGETadministrativestaff.D.WritingtheirapplicationmaterialinEnglish.【答案】1.A2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一篇诚聘国际环球航行语言教育义工的招募启事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“TheapplicationsmustbesubmittedbeforeAugust1,2023.(申请必须在2023年8月1日前提交。)”可知，申请截止日期为2023年8月1日。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Thispositionisforenthusiastic,highlymotivated,dynamicindividualswithaminimumof18monthsoffull-timeteachingexperience.(该职位适合有热情、上进心强、有活力的人，至少有18个月的全职教学经验。)”可知，必须有全职教学经验。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“AllapplicationmaterialshouldbepresentedinEnglish.(所有申请材料必须用英文呈现。)”可知，西班牙申请者应该注意用英语撰写申请材料。故选D。BAfewyearsagoIwentshoppingwithafriendforanowmotorcycle.Hedidn’thaveaparticularmakeormodelinmind.Hisonlytwocritteria?Abigengine—sincetoomuchhorsepowerisneverenough—andsincehe’stall,arelativetyrelaxedridingposition.IsuggestedaHayabusa,whichmethiscriteria.OranXS-14R.Bothwerewithinhisbudget,especiallytheHayabusasincethedealerwasofferinga$2.500discountonapreviousyear’smodel.Herodethembothandlovedthemboth.ThenhebecameveryinterestedinaZX-6RKRT.Greatmotorcycle,sure.Butamuchsmallermotor.Andaridingpositionthatmadehimlooklikeacontortedmantis(变形的螳螂).Itseemedlikeanoddchoice.Untilithitme.Thepurchaseofanymotorcycle750ccandundercamewithafreehelmet.Sincemyfriendalsowantedanewhelmet,gettingoneforfreewasextremelyappealing.Afterallthemathdidn’twork.Weeventuallynegotiated$3,200offthepriceoftheHayabusa.Thefreehelmetwasonlyworth$250.A2017studypublishedinMarketingSciencefoundthatpeopletendtosignificantlyovervalue“free”.Whenfacedwithachoiceofselectingoneofseveralavailableproducts,peoplewillchoosetheoptionwiththehighestcost-benefitdifference,however,decisionsaboutfree(zero-price)productsdiffer,inthatpeopledonotsimplytakeawaycostsfrombenefitsbutinsteadconsiderthebenefitsassociatedwithfreeproductsasTwomonthslatermyfiendtradedinhis6Rfora14R.Butdon’tthinkbadlyofhim.We’veallbeenblindedbythepowerof“free”.Sowheneversomethingisfree,stopandconsidertheintent,andsee“free”asareasontodoevenmoremath.4.Whatkindofmotorcycledidtheauthor’sfriendintendtobuy?A.Agoodsecond-handone.B.Apreviousyear’sHayabusa.C.AhighlyfashionableXS-14RD.Apowerfulandcomfortableone.5.WhataspectoftheZX-6RKRTdealattractedtheauthor’sfriendmost?A.Itsprice. B.Itsfreegift.C.Its750ccengine. D.Itsclassicaldesign.6Whydoestheauthormentionthe2017study?A.Toofferhisfriendabetterpurchaseplan.B.Tostresstheimportanceofnegotiatingskills.C.Totellreadershowtogetmorezero-priceproducts.D.Toexplainwhyhisfriendmadesuchanunwisechoice.7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.It’stimetostopdoingthemathB.GettingsomethingforfreeissofunC.“Free”issometimestheworstdealD.Wealllovetobuysomethingonsale.【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的朋友想买摩托车，没有买适合自己的车子，反而因为免费的头盔买了让自己看起来像变形的螳螂的车子。所以，当东西是免费的，你要停下来考虑一下意图，因为“免费”有时是最糟糕的交易。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据首段第三四句“Hisonlytwocritteria?Abigengine—sincetoomuchhorsepowerisneverenough—andsincehe’stall,arelativetyrelaxedridingposition.(他仅有的两个标准是什么？一个大引擎——因为大马力才够用——因为他很高，所以坐的位置相对轻松。)”可知，作者朋友买摩托车的两个标准是：大马力和舒服。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Untilithitme.Thepurchaseofanymotorcycle750ccandundercamewithafreehelmet.(直到我突然意识到。购买任何750cc及以下的摩托车都可免费赠送头盔。)”以及第六段“Sincemyfriendalsowantedanewhelmet,gettingoneforfreewasextremelyappealing.(因为我的朋友也想要一个新头盔，所以免费得到一个头盔非常有吸引力。)”可知，最吸引作者的朋友是ZX-6RKRT的免费的头盔。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“Sincemyfriendalsowantedanewhelmet,gettingoneforfreewasextremelyappealing.(因为我的朋友也想要一个新头盔，所以免费得到一个头盔非常有吸引力。)”以及倒数第三段首句“A2017studypublishedinMarketingSciencefoundthatpeopletendtosignificantlyovervalue“free”.(2017年发表在《营销科学》上的一项研究发现，人们往往会严重高估“免费”的价值。)”可知，作者提及2017年的研究是为了解释为什么他的朋友做出了如此不明智的选择，因为免费的头盔买了不适合自己的车子。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“We’veallbeenblindedbythepowerof“free”.（我们都被“免费”的力量蒙蔽了双眼）”根据末段“Sowheneversomethingisfree,stopandconsidertheintent,andsee“free”asareasontodoevenmoremath.(因此，无论什么时候，只要有东西是免费的，就停下来考虑一下意图，并将“免费”视为做更多数学运算的理由。)”以及全文朋友买摩托车的故事可知，当东西是免费的，你要停下来考虑一下意图，因为“免费”有时是最糟糕的交易。故选C。CAteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofGroningen,theUniversityofTuscia,Roflight,LemselobrinkandtheRoyalNetherlandsAirForcehasdesigned,builtandtestedarobotnamedRobotFalconfashionedtolookandflylikeaperegrinefalcon(游隼)asameansofdrivingoffflocks(群)ofbirdsaroundairports.Birds,whetheraloneorinflocks,areamenacetoflyingplanes.Whenaplanestrikesabird,damagewillbecaused-occasionallywithdisastrousresults.TheplanethatfamouslylandedontheHudsonRiverin2009,forexample,wasdamagedbybirdsenteringtheplane’senginesaccidentally,causingtheirfailure.Scientistshavebeenworkingonwaystopreventbirdsfromenteringflightspacesbutthusfarhavemetwithonlypartialsuccess.Currentlydrones(无人机)areusedtoscarebirdsaway,asaretrainedfalconsaridsystemsthatmakesoundsofbirdsingreatpain.Inthishoweffort,theresearcherstookanewapproach-theydesignedaremote-controlledflyingrobotjustlikeaperegrinefalconthatcatchesandkillsotherbirds,whichthereforetrytoavoidit.TheresultistheRobotFalcon,whichispaintedtolooklikearealperegrinefalconandispoweredbyaninternalengine.Tocapablycopytheflyingpatternsofafalcon,theresearchersstudiedtheflyingcharacteristicsofrealbirdsandthenaddedfeaturestotheirrobotbirdthatwouldallowittoflyinsimilarways.Duringfieldtests,therobotbirdscaredawayentireflocksofbirdswithinfiveminutesofarrival:onhalfoftheseflights,itwasabletoclearthefieldwithin70seconds.Theteamconductedmultipletestswiththesameflockofbirdsoverthreemonthsandfoundnohabituation-theywereafraidofitnomatterhowoftentheysawit.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“menace”inparagraph2mean?A.Wonder. B.Threat. C.Limit. D.Target.9.Whichofthefollowinghasbeenusedtoscarebirdsaway?A.Selectedwildfalcons.B.Dronesintheshapeofbirds.C.Systemsproducingbirds’bittercries.D.Speciallydesignedplaneengines.10.Whatcontributestothe-researchersselectingaperegrinefalconfortheirdesign?A.ItisscaryB.Itcanbeeasilycaught.C.ItistypicalinRoflight.D.Ithasuniqueflyingpatterns.11.Whywastherobottestedrepeatedlywiththesameflockofbirds?A.Topredictitsservicelife.B.Toimproveitsefficiency.C.Toworkoutaserviceschedule.D.Tomeasureitslong-termeffectiveness.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。鸟类对于飞行的飞机来说是一种威胁，为了阻止鸟类出现在机场，研究人员用像游隼一样的无人机吓跑鸟类，效果显著。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段第一二句“Birds,whetheraloneorinflocks,areamenacetoflyingplanes.Whenaplanestrikesabird,damagewillbecaused-occasionallywithdisastrousresults.(鸟类，无论是单独的还是成群的，对飞行的飞机都是一种。当飞机撞上一只鸟时，会造成损害，有时还会造成灾难性的后果。)”可知，当飞机撞上一只鸟时，会造成损害。所以鸟类对于飞行的飞机来说是一种威胁，menace意为“威胁”。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段末句“Currentlydrones(无人机)areusedtoscarebirdsaway,asaretrainedfalconsaridsystemsthatmakesoundsofbirdsingreatpain.(目前无人机被用来吓跑鸟类，正如制造出使鸟类产生巨大的痛苦声音的训练有素的游隼和系统。)”可知，产生鸟类痛苦叫声的系统被用来吓跑鸟类。故选C。10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Inthishoweffort,theresearcherstookanewapproach-theydesignedaremote-controlledflyingrobotjustlikeaperegrinefalconthatcatchesandkillsotherbirds,whichthereforetrytoavoidit.(在这项研究中，研究人员采用了一种新的方法——他们设计了一种遥控飞行机器人，就像游隼一样，可以捕捉并杀死其他鸟类，因此这些鸟类都试图避开它。)”可知，游隼可以捕捉并杀死其他鸟类，因此这些鸟类都害怕。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据末段末句“Theteamconductedmultipletestswiththesameflockofbirdsoverthreemonthsandfoundnohabituation-theywereafraidofitnomatterhowoftentheysawit.(研究小组在三个多月的时间里对同一群鸟进行了多次测试，没有发现他们习以为常——无论它们多久看到一次，它们都害怕。)”可知，机器人被反复测试是为了来衡量它的长期效果，检测看看这些鸟是不是会习以为常。故选D。DAstheyear2023istheYearoftheRabbitinChina,manybrandhaverolledoutanarrayofrabbit-themedgoods.WangChuchun,an18-year-oldfreshmanfromXiamenUniversityinFujian,boughtapairofshoesfromtherabbitcollectionmadebyHolli,adomesticbrand,duringtheSpringFestivalholiday.“IwouldliketoseeChineseculturebemoreincorporatedintoconsumergoodsthatcarryavarietyofbeautifulconnotations(内涵).”Wangtoldjournalist.Guochao,thecombinationofChinesetraditionswithmoderndesigns,hasbecomeakeywordforthisyear’sSpringFestivalproductconsumption,accordingtostatisticsfromVipshop(alsoknownasweipinhuiinChinese),anonlineretailer(零售商).Thesalesvolumeof361Degrees,asportsequipmentcompany,sawariseof188percentonayear-on-yearbasisduringtheSpringFestivalwiththeirrabbitcollection.Whoisbehindthesurgeofsalesforguochaoproducts?AccordingtoareportreleasedbydataserviceproviderAurora,theproportionofyoungpeopleinterestedintheguochaoproductsaccountedformorethan70percentofconsumers.ThusthetargetmarketoftheguochaoproductsisChina’s400million-strongarmyofyoungconsumers,TomHarper,alecturerininternationalrelationsattheUniversityofEastLondon,saidtoTheConversation.LiketheirpeersinWesterncountries,China’sGenZconsumersareenthusiasticusersofsocialmedia;butthatiswherethesimilaritiesend.ThisgenerationhasgrownupduringChina’srapideconomicdevelopmentinthe2000sand2010s,whichisamarkedcontrasttotheirpeersintheWest,whocameofage,intheshadowofthe2008financialcrisis.Asaresult,theyhavebeencharacterizedasbeingmoreconfidentandbettereducatedthanpreviousgenerations.“Complexandprofoundsocialandculturalfactorhavecontributedtotheriseofguochao.ButitallcomesdowntodecadesofstabledevelopmentinChina.Asourcountryentersaneraofprosperity(繁荣),ourculturalconfidencegetsboostedaswell,”saidWang.12.WhyisWangChuchun’sexperiencementionedatthebeginningofthetext?A.Toillustratewhatyoungpeopleliketobuy.B.Toleaduptothetopicoftheguochaotrend.C.Toshowthepopularityofrabbit-themedgoods.D.Tostresstherisinginfluenceofdomesticbrands.13.Whataspectofguochaoproductsdoesparagraph3focuson?A.Theirtargets. B.Theirfeatures.C.Theirpopularity. D.Theirmarketpotential14.WhatcanbeinferredaboutChina’sGenZconsumers?A.Theirshoppinghabitsaremainlydrivenbysocialmedia.B.TheyhavebenefitedfromrapidgrowthineconomyC.They’remoreconfidentthantheirWesternpeers.D.They’vebeendeeplyaffectedbythefinancialcrisis.15.WhatisthefundamentalreasonfortheriseofguochaoaccordingtoWang?A.China’sstabledevelopment.B.China’ssocialandculturalfactors.C.Thepopularityofsocialmedia.D.Youngpeople’srisingculturalconfidence.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着2023兔年的到来，中国传统与现代设计相结合的“国潮”已成为今年春节商品消费的关键词，中国Z代人强大的消费能力受益于中国经济的稳步发展。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段““IwouldliketoseeChineseculturebemoreincorporatedintoconsumergoodsthatcarryavarietyofbeautifulconnotations(内涵).Wangtoldjournalist.(“我希望中国文化更多地融入到具有各种美好内涵的消费品中。”王告诉记者。)”以及第三段首句“Guochao,thecombinationofChinesetraditionswithmoderndesigns,hasbecomeakeywordforthisyear’sSpringFestivalproductconsumption,accordingtostatisticsfromVipshop(alsoknownasweipinhuiinChinese),anonlineretailer(零售商).(据在线零售商唯品会统计，将中国传统与现代设计相结合的“国潮”已成为今年春节商品消费的关键词。)”可知，文章开头提到了王楚春的经历是为了引出国潮趋势的话题。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Guochao,thecombinationofChinesetraditionswithmoderndesigns,hasbecomeakeywordforthisyear’sSpringFestivalproductconsumption,accordingtostatisticsfromVipshop(alsoknownasweipinhuiinChinese),anonlineretailer(零售商).Thesalesvolumeof361Degrees,asportsequipmentcompany,sawariseof188percentonayear-on-yearbasisduringtheSpringFestivalwiththeirrabbitcollection.(据在线零售商唯品会统计，将中国传统与现代设计相结合的“国潮”已成为今年春节商品消费的关键词。运动器材公司361°的兔子系列在春节期间的销售额同比增长了188%。)”可知，将中国传统与现代设计相结合的“国潮”成为关键词以及361°的兔子系列销售额同比增长了188%都说明了国潮商品极高的受欢迎度。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段第一句“ThisgenerationhasgrownupduringChina’srapideconomicdevelopmentinthe2000sand2010s,whichisamarkedcontrasttotheirpeersintheWest,whocameofage,intheshadowofthe2008financialcrisis.(这一代人成长于本世纪头10年和2010年中国经济快速发展的时期，这与西方同龄人形成了鲜明对比，后者在2008年金融危机的阴影下长大成人。)”可知，中国的Z世代消费者受益于经济的快速增长。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据末段末句““ButitallcomesdowntodecadesofstabledevelopmentinChina.Asourcountryentersaneraofprosperity(繁荣),ourculturalconfidencegetsboostedaswell,”saidWang.(“但这一切都归结于中国几十年的稳定发展。随着我国进入繁荣时代，我们的文化自信也得到了增强。”王说。)”可知，王认为，国朝兴起的根本原因是中国经济的稳步发展。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itiseasytogetcarriedawayinanargument.Whilehavingarational(理性的)conversationwithsomeonewhohasadifferentopinionmightseemlikeachallenge,itispossible.____16____TheEmpathy(同理心)ChallengeinanexercisecreatedbyZoeChance,seniorlecturerattheYaleSchoolofManagement.AtYale,Chanceteachesacoursecalled“MasteringInfluenceandPersuasion”wherestudentslearntocommunicatemoreeffectively.____17____“Astheyexplaintheirposition,youlistenfortheirunderlying(潜在的)values.Finally,youlookforcommongroundasyoureflectthosevaluesback.That’sit.”____18____.Asshecouldn’tunderstandwhymanypeoplechosetovoteforDonaldTrump,shefoundthreeTrump’svotersandspokewiththem.Throughaskingquestions,Chancewasabletoempathizewiththemandrealizetheyhadsimilarfeelings.Oneman,anOrthodoxJew,explainedthathesupportedTrumpbecauseTrump’sdaughterandson-in-lawareJewish.____19____.Thethirdwasalawyerwhobelievedthatauthenticity(真实性)wasimportantinpoliticalleaders.AlthoughChanceandthosepeoplehaddifferentpoliticalbeliefs,theywereabletorelatetothelifevaluesofothers.____20____A.Onewayistoapproachtheotherpersonwithempathy.B.Chancefirsttookthischallengeherselfbeforeaskingherstudentstotry.C.ThenextmanwasaRussianimmigrantpassionate(热爱的)aboutfreedom.D.Andthat’sthepointoftheexercise-tounderstandothersasfellowhumanbeings.E.Aresearchsuggestedthatcarryingconversationcanboostpeople’sempathyforothers.F.Inherblog,Chanceexplainsthatit’simportanttolistentopeoplewhodisagreewithyou.G.Anothermantriedtoexplorereasonablepersuasionwithoutcarryingawayherunderlyingalues.【答案】16.A17.F18.B19.C20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。与持不同意见的人进行理性对话虽是挑战，但也是可能的。钱斯教授为了让学生学习如何更有效地沟通，自己先进行练习挑战，找到了三个特朗普的选民，并与他们交谈。虽然钱斯和那些人有不同的政治信仰，但依然能够理解他人的人生价值观，从而证明了练习有效沟通的意义。【16题详解】前文“Whilehavingarational(理性的)conversationwithsomeonewhohasadifferentopinionmightseemlikeachallenge,itispossible.(在争论中很容易失去理智。虽然与持不同意见的人进行理性对话似乎是一种挑战，但这是可能的。)”说明与持不同意见的人进行理性对话虽是挑战，但也是可能的。结合选项。A项“Onewayistoapproachtheotherpersonwithempathy.(一种方法是带着同理心接近对方。)”符合语意逻辑，介绍与持不同意见的人进行理性对话是可能的的方法。故选A。【17题详解】前文“AtYale,Chanceteachesacoursecalled“MasteringInfluenceandPersuasion”wherestudentslearntocommunicatemoreeffectively.(在耶鲁大学，钱斯教授一门名为“掌握影响力和说服”的课程，让学生学习如何更有效地沟通。)”介绍钱斯教授让学生学习如何更有效地沟通的课程。结合选项，F项“Inherblog,Chanceexplainsthatit’simportanttolistentopeoplewhodisagreewithyou.(在她的博客中，钱斯解释说，倾听不同意你的人是很重要的。)”承接上文，都是在介绍如何更有效地沟通的方法。而且人物一致。故选F。【18题详解】下文“Asshecouldn’tunderstandwhymanypeoplechosetovoteforDonaldTrump,shefoundthreeTrump’svotersandspokewiththem.(由于她不明白为什么很多人选择投票给唐纳德·特朗普，她找到了三个特朗普的选民，并与他们交谈。)”说明钱斯教授自己实验通过同理心进行更有效地沟通。结合选项，B项“Chancefirsttookthischallengeherselfbeforeaskingherstudentstotry.(在让学生们尝试之前，钱斯自己先接受了这个挑战。)”承接下文，钱斯教授接受挑战，自己先去尝试与不同观点的人进行沟通。故选B。【19题详解】前文“Oneman,anOrthodoxJew,explainedthathesupportedTrumpbecauseTrump’sdaughterandson-in-lawareJewish.(一名正统犹太人解释说，他支持川普是因为川普的女儿和女婿是犹太人。)”以及后文“Thethirdwasalawyerwhobelievedthatauthenticity(真实性)wasimportantinpoliticalleaders.(第三位是一位律师，他认为真实对政治领导人很重要。)”分别介绍第一位和第三位支持特朗普的人，可推知，空处应为第二位支持特朗普的人。结合选项，C项“ThenextmanwasaRussianimmigrantpassionate(热爱的)aboutfreedom.(下一位是俄罗斯移民，对自由充满热情。)”承上启下，符合语意。故选C。【20题详解】前文“AlthoughChanceandthosepeoplehaddifferentpoliticalbeliefs,theywereabletorelatetothelifevaluesofothers.(虽然钱斯和那些人有不同的政治信仰，但他们能够理解他人的人生价值观。)”说明人们通过同理心可以进行有效的沟通。意在总结钱斯这样做的意义和作用。结合选项，D项“Andthat’sthepointoftheexercise-tounderstandothersasfellowhumanbeings.(这就是练习的意义——把他人理解为人类同胞。)”同样是在说明有效的沟通练习的意义。故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ican’tmissthelittleoldladystandingatabusstop.Withherkerchief(方头巾)onherhead,ablackumbrella____21____allover,Icantellsheisfreezing.I’mdrivingby,lateformyearlymorningshift(轮班).Idecidetostopandofferhera____22____.____23____,shedeclines,butwhenIaskagainand____24____,finally,shegetsinthecar.Itakehertoher____25____,andbythetimeshegetsoutofmycar,sheissmilingandthanksme.Iwas____26____forworkthatday,butIwassogladthatIstopped.Thatwas40yearsago,andthebeginningofanew____27____,onethatcontinueswhenI’moutdrivinginbadweather.Ifthere’ssomeoneatabusstop,especiallyifit’sanelderlypersonwaitingat____28____hoursandinbadweather,Iwill____29____andaskiftheyneedaride.Onceawomanjumpedinwithouthesitation,whichmademefeelgood.Thebestpartofmyrideoffersisthe____30____.Idotendtoaskalotofquestions:whereareyoufrom,whereareyougoing,family,background,petsandwhateverelsecomestomind.____31____,everyonewantstochat.Weareusuallylaughingbythetimetherideisover.“Whatashame!”Ioftenthinkwhentheyhopout,asthestorieswerejustgetting____32____.Astheyears____33____,perhapsIwillbetheonestandingatthebusstop.Perhapstherewillbesomebodywho____34____downawindowandoffersmeaseatforalittleride.Iwillcontinuetotakethatleapof____35____inthekindnessofstrangers.21.A.holding B.blowing C.taking D.sharing22.A.ride B.drive C.cash D.luck23.A.Inaddition B.Orrather C.ofcourse D.Afterall24.A.conserve B.insist C.recommend D.instruct25.A.departure B.terminal C.institute D.destination26.A.late B.loyal C.cute D.punctual27.A.habit B.period C.action D.shift28.A.for B.over C.off D.by29.A.driveout B.comeacross C.switchup D.pullover30.A.feedback B.conversation C.understanding D.inquiry31.A.Surprisingly B.Constantly C.Actually D.Basically32.A.improved B.started C.created D.constructed33.A.prove B.end C.put D.pass34.A.bends B.falls C.rolls D.pours35.A.conscience B.mercy C.faith D.integrity【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.D26.A27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.B33.D34.C35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。我在恶劣的天气里开车时，会让在寒风冷雨中等车的人们搭便车。我坚持这个习惯40年，最喜欢的部分是与他们之间的谈话。随着岁月流逝，也许站在公交车站的人会是我，当有人摇下车窗时，我会继续相信陌生人的善良。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她头上戴着头巾，一把黑色的雨伞被风吹得乱转，我能感觉到她很冷。A.holding举办；B.blowing吹，刮；C.taking带着；D.sharing分享。根据下文“Icantellsheisfreezing.”可知，天很冷，风很大，雨伞被风吹得乱转。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定停下来让她搭我的车。A.ride搭乘；B.drive驱车出行；C.cash现金；D.luck运气。根据前文“Ican’tmissthelittleoldladystandingatabusstop”可知，我不能错过站在公共汽车站的那个小老太太。所以我停下让她搭我的车。故选A。【23题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，她拒绝了，但当我再次要求并坚持时，她终于上了车。A.Inaddition除此之外；B.Orrather更确切地说；C.ofcourse当然；D.Afterall毕竟。根据常识可知，小老太太应是不好意思麻烦别人，自然而然会拒绝。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，她拒绝了，但当我再次要求并坚持时，她终于上了车。A.conserve保存；B.insist坚持；C.recommend推荐；D.instruct教授。根据本句“shedeclines,butwhenIaskagain”可知，在我的坚持下，她才上了车。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把她送到目的地，当她从我的车里出来时，她微笑着感谢我。A.departure离开；B.terminal终点站；C.institute协会；D.destination目的地。根据本句“shegetsoutofmycar”可知，下车了，是因为到目的地了。故选D。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天我上班迟到了，但我很高兴我停下来了。A.late迟到的；B.loyal忠诚的；C.cute可爱的；D.punctual守时的。根据前文“I’mdrivingby,lateformyearlymorningshift(轮班).”可知，我本来就要迟到了。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是40年前的事了，也是一个新习惯的开始——一个当我在恶劣的天气里开车时会继续的习惯。A.habit习惯；B.period时期；C.action行为；D.shift转变。根据本句“Thatwas40yearsago”和“onethatcontinueswhenI’moutdrivinginbadweather”可知，这是40年前的事，且一直在继续，故应为习惯。故选A。【28题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果有人在公共汽车站等车，尤其是一位老人在公交下班时间和天气不好的时候等车，我会把车停在路边，问他们是否需要搭车。A.for为了；B.over关于；C.off下班，休息；D.by凭借。根据根据“especially”表示递进关系可知，应是下班时间。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果有人在公共汽车站等车，尤其是一位老人在下班时间和天气不好的时候等车，我会把车停在路边，问他们是否需要搭车。A.driveout驱赶；B.comeacross偶遇；C.switchup转换；D.pullover靠边停车。根据本句“askiftheyneedaride”可知，我靠边停车，开始询问。故选D。30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的旅程最精彩的部分就是谈话。A.feedback反馈；B.conversation交谈；C.understanding理解；D.inquiry询问。根据下文“everyonewantstochat”可知，他们交谈聊天。故选B。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，每个人都想聊天。A.Surprisingly令人惊讶的是；B.Constantly持续不断地；C.Actually实际上；D.Basically基本上。根据前文“Idotendtoaskalotofquestions:whereareyoufrom,whereareyougoing,family,background,petsandwhateverelsecomestomind.”以及常识可知，我问的是关于个人隐私的事情，但是很令人惊讶，每个人都想聊天。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我经常想，当他们跳出来的时候，故事才刚刚开始。A.improved改善；B.started开始；C.created创造；D.constructed建造。根据前文“Weareusuallylaughingbythetimetherideisover.”可知，我和他们聊天正开心时，却到了目的地。所以故事刚刚开始，他们却走了。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着岁月流逝，也许站在公交车站的人会是我。A.prove证明；B.end结束；C.put放置；D.pass(时间)流逝。根据主语“theyears”可知，应为时间流逝。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许会有人摇下车窗，让我坐一会儿。A.bends弯曲；B.falls掉落；C.rolls滚动；D.pours倾倒。根据本句“downawindowandoffersmeaseatforalittleride”可知，让我搭便车之前，要摇下车窗询问。rolldown为固定搭配，“摇下”。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我会继续相信陌生人的善良。A.conscience良知；B.mercy仁慈；C.faith信任；D.integrity正直。根据前文“Thatwas40yearsago,andthebeginningofanew,onethatcontinueswhenI’moutdrivinginbadweather.”可知，我一直让陌生人搭乘，相信陌生人，现在会继续相信陌生人的善良。故选C。第二节(共10个题;每小分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入