2018年高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题五 短文改错 第二节 方法运用于命题

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精PAGE7学必求其心得，业必贵于专精PAGE第二节方法运用于命题短文改错的常考命题短文改错的命题主要有三种类型：错词、多词和少词,三者的比例一般为8∶1∶1。每句话中最多设2处错。即有的句子无错，有的句子有1处错，有的句子有2处错。需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。1．类型之一：错词错词主要涉及名词的单复数、冠词、介词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、动词的时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、词形(指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式,以及平行结构中词的正确形式）等的错误：(1）名词的误用，包括可数名词和不可数名词的误用以及名词的单复数形式的误用.（2）冠词的误用,不应该用冠词的地方用了冠词，应该用冠词的地方用错了或没用。（3）介词的误用，包括对特定介词的用法意义判断错误以及固定搭配中的介词误用等.（4)形容词和副词的误用,包括系动词be和感官动词后的形容词的误用以及形容词和副词之间的误用。（5）代词的误用，包括人称代词的主格与宾格、反身代词、物主代词以及不定代词的误用、代词指代错误等。(6)动词的误用，包括时态和语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、谓语动词缺失、短暂性动词和延续性动词混用等.2．类型之二：多词多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、不定式符号to、词义重复及行文逻辑等方面.3．类型之三:少词少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、不定式符号to、物主代词等。点津为了做好短文改错题，可记住下列口诀：短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错”“多”“少”.动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到。句法涉及到“一致”，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。（2017·全国Ⅱ）MrandMrsZhangallworkinourschool.Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday。Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse。Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether。Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.Beside，theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.Whensummercame，theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!答案MrandMrsZhangeq\f(all,both)或allworkinourschool。Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemabouteq\f（a，an/one）hourandahalftogotoworkeveryday。Intheirsparetime，theyareeq\f（interesting，interested)inplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，eq\f（that，which）isontherooftopoftheirhouse。Theyoftengetupeq\f（earlier，early）andwaterthevegetablestogether。Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools。eq\f(Beside，Besides），theyoftengetsomeusefuleq\f(informations，information）fromtheInternet。Whensummereq\f（came，comes）,theywillinvitetheirstudentseq\o(\s\up7(∧）,\s\do5（to))pickthefreshvegetables！71．答案all→both或删除all解析词法错误。MrandMrsZhang是两个人，故用both。因both在此作同位语，也可以删除。all指的是三者或三者以上。72．答案a→an/one解析词法错误。hour是以元音音素开头的单词，前面要用不定冠词an。表示“一个小时"可以用anhour也可以用onehour。73．答案interesting→interested解析词法错误。interesting意为“有趣的"，多指事物；interested意为“感兴趣的”,多指人。该句的主语是they，故用interested。beinterestedin对……感兴趣。74．答案that→which解析句法错误.此处是非限制性定语从句，应用which而不能用that引导。75．答案earlier→early解析行文逻辑错误。此处叙述他们经常早起这一事实，没有比较的意思，故不用比较级.76．答案删除for解析词法错误。表示“买某物”直接用buysth.。buy还可用于buysb.sth.或buysth.forsb.，表示“为某人买某物”。77．答案Beside→Besides解析词法错误。此处表示“此外，而且”,应用besides。beside在……旁边。78．答案informations→information解析词法错误.information是不可数名词,没有复数形式。79．答案came→comes解析词法错误.when引导的时间状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。80．答案pick前加to解析词法错误。invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事。(2017·全国Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself，Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies。Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically，andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears。Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook，Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub。Aroundmeinpicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic，andcollectingthelatemusicalbums。Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.答案WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself，Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.Ieq\f(had，have）grownnotonlyphysically,eq\f（and,but）alsomentallyinthepastfewyears。Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowaseq\f(took,taken），Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandeq\f（become,became)anewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.Aroundmeineq\o(\s\up7(∧）,\s\do5(this/the）)picturearethethingseq\f(they，that/which)wereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.Ienjoyedstudyingeq\f(difference,different)kindsofcarsandplanes，playingpopmusic，andcollectingtheeq\f(late,latest)musicalbums.Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofeq\f(your,my）highschooldays.71．答案删除of解析词法错误。realize表示“认识到，意识到”，是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。72．答案had→have解析词法错误。由inthepastfewyears可知句子要用现在完成时.73．答案and→but解析句法错误。notonly..。butalso。.。不仅……而且……，连接并列成分,是固定句型。74．答案took→taken解析词法错误.被动语态的结构为“be＋及物动词的过去分词"，take的过去分词是taken.75．答案become→became解析词法错误。前半句用了过去时，and连接两个并列谓语时，两个并列谓语的时态要一致，再结合句意知,此处用一般过去时。76．答案in后加this/the解析词法错误。picture在文中第一句已经出现过，故此处可以加the表示特指；也可加this，表示“在这张照片中”。77．答案they→that/which解析句法错误。things是先行词，后面是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故引导词用that或which。78．答案difference→different解析词法错误。形容词修饰名词kinds。79．答案late→latest解析词法错误。thelatestmusicalbums最新的音乐专辑。latestadj.最近的，最新的。80．答案your→my解析行文逻辑错误.句意为:这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的快乐时光。此处是以作者的口吻写的“我的高中时光”。跟踪训练1(2016·全国Ⅰ）MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes。Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest。Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking。Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead，hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady。答案Myuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetoeq\f(that,where)Ilive。Thoughnotverybig，buttherestaurantispopularinourarea。Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleeveneq\f（had,have）towaitoutside。Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessiseq\f(honest,honesty).Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetableseq\f（or，and)highqualityoilareeq\f(using,used)forcooking。Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamseq\o（\s\up7(∧），\s\do5(of)）becomingrichineq\f(the，a)shortperiodoftime。Instead，hehopesthateq\f(our,his）businesswillgroweq\f(steady,steadily）.1．答案that→where解析句法错误。由句子结构可知,介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语。故用where引导.2．答案删除but解析词法错误。从属连词though不可与并列连词but连用。3．答案had→have解析词法错误。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般现在时.4．答案honest→honesty解析词法错误。由句意“他成功的关键是诚信”可知应当用名词形式.5．答案or→and解析词法错误。根据句意可知二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。6．答案using→used解析词法错误。freshvegetablesandhighqualityoil与use之间为被动关系,故用被动语态.beusedfor被用于。7．答案dreams后加of解析词法错误。固定短语dreamof(doing）sth.意为“梦想（做）某事”。8．答案short前的the→a解析词法错误。inashortperiodoftime为固定短语，意为“在短时间内”。9．答案our→his解析行文逻辑错误。短文介绍了myuncle诚信经营餐馆的事情,故将our改为his。10．答案steady→steadily解析词法错误。修饰谓语动词用副词.2(2016·全国Ⅲ)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme。Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife。Atthefirst，IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself。However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinksuch。Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem。IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes。NowIamleavinghometocollege。Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown，butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp。答案Theteenageeq\f(year,years）from13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandeq\f(worse，worst）yearsinmylife。Atthefirst，IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyeq\f（yourself,myself)。However，myparentsdidn’tseemtothinkeq\f（such，so)。Theyalwayseq\f(tell，told)mewhattodoandhowtodoit.Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhoped