大学英语教学资料-高中语法归类和练习

复习•句子成分

（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成

分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当

主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代

词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（彳：定式）

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）

（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在

主语之后。谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebook

fbrtwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.

（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,

look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、

动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）

Isityours?（代词）

Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）

Thespeechisexciting.（分词）

Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）

HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）

Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）

Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）

（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：

Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）

Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）

Ithink（that）heisfitfbrhisoffice.（宾语从句）

宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）

复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才

能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾

补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：

HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）

Letthefreshairin.（副词）

Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）

Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）

（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：

Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）

HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代i司）

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（彳:定式短语）

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）

（A）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做

状语。可由以下形式表示：

Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）

Waitaminute.（名词）

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）

状语种类如下：

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）

Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）

Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.（条件状语）

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）

Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）

练习一

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.1shallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（一）、谓语（=）、宾语（〜）：

Ihopeyouareverywell.Tmfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelping

myDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,so

everydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsof

ourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrow

wheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwo

menworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthe

vegetablegarden.Itdoesn*toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthe

vegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelsto

differentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（一）、状语（=）、补语（〜）：

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery

happy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuch

inmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.

InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.Therearefivedifferenttime

areasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.Howmanydifferent

timeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybest

regardstoyourparents.

四、选择填空：

（）1.willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

（）2.Theweather.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

（）3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

（）4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

（）5.Theactorattheageof70.

A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded

（）6.wereallverytired,butnoneofwouldstoptotakearest.

A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we

（）7.Hefoundthestreetmuch.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

（）8.1thinknecessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

（）9.Thedogmad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

（）10.1willneverforgetthedayIjoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

二、简单句、并列句和复合句

（一）句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四种：

1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn^hearofyoubefore.

2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorseven

yearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?

3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass

4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!

2、按句子的结构可分三种：

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys.

Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.

2）并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一

起构成。

e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.

Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语

从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.

（二）简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.

2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.Wework.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.

注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

（三）_色列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…，neither…nor…，then等连接。e.g.

Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent'snameisJohn.

2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either...or...,otherwise等0e.g.Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.

3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwith

thickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.

4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,fbr,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforrive

harvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.

（四）高考考点探讨

1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是

在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力

是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。

2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合

于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。

3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and,but,

or,while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，

时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常

考查。

如：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrowo

练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句

一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.

2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.

3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?

4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenin

theevening.

5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.

6.Hewasfbndofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.

7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.

8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?

9.Thefannerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.

10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.

二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

Ihopeyouareverywell（）.Fmfine,buttired（）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandPm

helpingmyDadonthefarm（）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（）.Itisthetimeofyearfor

thericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.C）Sometimeswegoonworkingafter

darkbythelightsofourtractors（）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorth

whereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm().Althoughthe

farmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim().Butheemploysmoremenfbrthe

harvest().Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden().Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummer

here().Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden().Everyeveningwepumpwater

fromawell().Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden().

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime().Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery

happy().Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside().It'sgreat()!Americanseatalotofmeat

—toomuchinmyopinion().Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer().Idon't,becauseIhavetodrive

homeaftertheparty().InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates

().TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates().Inmystatewearefourteenhours

behindBeijingtime().HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina()?Well,Imust

stopandgetsomesleep().Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents().

三、选择填空：

1.GivemeonemoreminuteI'llbeabletofinishit.

A.andB.orC.ifD.so

2.It'sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,?

A.hasn'theB.isn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'tit

3.joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!

A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan

4.Letuspass,?

A.shan'tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyou

5.1supposehe'sserious,?

A.doIB.don'tIC.isheD.isn'the

6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,?

A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou

7.Trainashardasyoucanyou'llwintheswimmingcompetition.

A.thenB.butC.andD.or

8.I'msorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlast

night.

A.andB.butC.soD.because

9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.

A.Henryhasn'ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry

10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,othersenjoyswimming.

A.orB.forC.whileD.so

11.——Doyoufeellikegoingoutwouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?

——Fdliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so

12.——“isthetemperaturetoday?^^——"It's38degrees.”

A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh

13.--Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?--.

A.Yes,heisn'tB.No,heisn'tC.No,heisD.Heis

14.friendlytoeveryone!

A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis

15.Marywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.

A.orB.soC.fbrD.yet

16.Mother___adresswhenshecutherfinger.

A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made

17.Helayinbed___readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.

A.butB.andC.orD.yet

18.——I'dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.

——whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.

A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme

19.Asheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.

A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he

20.——Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.----1had,Fvelostit.

A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so

21.downtheradio——thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.

A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn

22.——Idon'tlikechickenfish.——Idon'tlikechickenIlikefishverymuch.

A.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but

23.——Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-・・・I'dliketo,____Pmtoobusy.

A.andB.soC.asD.but

24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?

A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise

25.Shesetoutsoonafterdarkhomeanhourlater.

A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived

26."Can'tyouread?"Marysaidtothenotice.

A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed

27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.

A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while

28.itwithmeandI'llseewhatIcando.

A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave

29.——Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,?——ButIfedityesterday.

A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou

30.himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.

A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch

四、按要求完成下列句子：

1.Hedarestotellthetruth.（改为否定句）

2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（对画线部分提问）

3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,?（完成反意疑问）

4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.（改为祈使句）

5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.（改为一般疑问句）

6.Itisaninterestingstory.（改为感叹句）

7.Thismagazinecomesout（出版）everyotherweek.（对画线部分提问）

8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,?（完成反意疑问）

9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改为感叹句）

lO.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.（对画线部分提问）

复习二主谓一致

在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一

致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。

（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单

数形式；主语为复数时:谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefann./Tostudy

Englishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantfbrusall./Thechildrenwereinthe

classroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadfbryoureyes.

注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或

what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:WhatIbought

werethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois（are）helpfultoyou.

2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：

LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhen

theyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.

注意：①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。

如：Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,

everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentand

everyteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.

3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面晅艮有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,rather

than,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主

语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometo

China./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.

4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名向和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词，

都作单数看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.

注意：①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“o"复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动

词也可用复数。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数

名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可

以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.

5、在定语从句时，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词

的数一致。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriends

whoisworkinghard.

6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动

词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如：Class

Fourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.

注意：people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.

7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百

分数+名词''构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There

arealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsin

ourclassaregirls.

注意：anumber。亡许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；thenumberoF..的数量”，

主语是number,谓语用单数。

8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Therecomesthebus./Onthewallare

manypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.

(二)逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时

主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数)。

1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：

Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.

2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这

是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.

3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数

形式。如："TheArabianNights9,isaninterestingstory-book.

4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用

复数。如：Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.

5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelveplus

eightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.

6、一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等，

都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形

式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./1thinkphysicsisn'teasytostudy.

7>trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)

pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthe

bedishis.

8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。

(三)就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1、当两个主语由either...or,neither...nor,whether...or...»notonly...butalso连接时，谓

语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neitherthey

norheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?

2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则

应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..

注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。

练习：主谓一致

1.1,who__yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

A.amB.isC.areD上e

2.Therichnotalwayshappy.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

3.NeitherTomnorJackandIhisstudents.

A.areB.amC.isD.was

4.Maryaswellashersisters__ChineseinChina.

A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study

5.NeithermyfathernorIathome.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofusgoodpainters.,

A.are;areB.am;amC.ani;areD.is;is

7.Every*boyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty.

A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like

8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.

A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are

9.ThepopulationofChinalargerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

10.Everymeans__triedbutwithoutanyresult.

A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen

11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,forhavingbrokentherule.

A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished

12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor__askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.

A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing

13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor.

A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen

C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese

14.Thereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass__girls.

A.areB.wasC.isD.be

16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildrosesmuchifpeopleleavethingsasthey

are.

A.doesn'tchangeB.don*tchangeC.changeD.changed

17.TheArabianNights___wellknowntotheEnglish.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

18.ChairmanMao'sworks___published.

A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is

19.Achemicalworks___builtthere.

A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen

20.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.

A.is;fburB.are;fburC.is;fiveD.are;five

21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

22.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswhoelected.

A.areB.haveC.hasD.is

23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat__asked.

A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen

24.Manyaman__cometohelpus.

A.haveB.hasC.isD.are

25."Allpresentandallgoingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are

26.Thepolicethemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.

A.issearchingfbrB.weresearchingfor

C.aresearchingforD.weresearching

27.Yourtrousers__dirty.Youmusthave____washed.

A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them

28.Thispairoftrouseistoolongforhim.

A.isB.beC.areD.were

29.Oneandahalfbananasleftonthetable.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

30.Eighttimeseightsixty-four.

A.isB.areC.getD.equal

31.Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitingfbraphonecall.

A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemes

32.ofthemoneynmout.

A.Three-fifth;hasB.Three-fifth;hasbeen

C.Three-fifths;hasD.Three-fifths;have

33.Thewholeclass__theteacherattentively.

A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningto

C.arelisteningD.islistening

34.1havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich__moredifficult.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

35.Betweenthetworowsoftrees___theteachingbuilding.

A.standB.standsC.standingD.are

36.Largequantitiesofwaterforirrigation.

A.isneededB.has-neededC.areneededD.need

37.Thattheywerewronginthesemattersnowcleartousall.

A.isB.wasC.areD.all

38.Whatweneedgoodtextbooks.

A.isB.areC.haveD.has

39.Whatyousaidjustnow__thematterwearediscussing.

A.havesomethingtoatB.hassomethingtodowith

C.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowith

40.Morethanonemember___againsttheplan.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

41.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.

A.hasnotdecidedB.isnotdecided

C.arenotdecidedD.havenotdecided

42.Halfofthefruit___bad.

A.areB.hasC.isD.have

43.eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?

A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is

44.Mathematicsthelanguageofscience.

A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe

45.Myfamilysmall.

A.isB.wereC.areD.makes

46.Thefollowingsomeotherexamples.

A.areB.isC.wasD.were

47.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthismoreactive.

A.isB.willbeC.wasD.are

48.Bothriceandwheatgrowninthatcountry.

A.isB.areC.wasD.has

49.Earlytobedandearlytoriseagoodhabit.

A.areB.isC.wereD.was

50.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimmingusefulfbrcharacter-training.

A.wasB.isC.areD.were

51.EitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.

A.isB.amC.areD.be

52.eitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.

A.isB.amC.areD.be

53.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,tobebuilthere.

A.areB.wereC.isD.will

54.Sheaswellasherbrother____aLeaguemember.

A.areB.wereC.willD.is

55.Hisfamilyabigone.NowthefamilywatchingTV.

A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are

56.ItisIwhogoingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.

A.isB.amC.areD.be

57.Morethan60%ofthestudentsthecountryside.

A.isB.areC.isfromD.arefrom

58.Manyamanthenovel.

A.hasreadB.havereadC.isreadD.areread

59.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhogoingtoswimthisafternoon.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

60.Hereapen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.

A.areB.isC.wasD.were

复习三名词性从句

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅

分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

（一）引导名词性从句的连接词

1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,whicho有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、

宾语、或定语等。

2、连接副词：when,where,why,how0有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

3、连接词：that,whether,if,asif。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if（whether）,

asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。

注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与

连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在从句中不充

当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if和asif都

用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。

（二）主语从句

1、主语从句在复合句作主语。

e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.

2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

e.g.Itdoesn,tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.

3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。

e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.

（三）表语从句

1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.

2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

e.g.Myideais（that）wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.

（四）宾语从句

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

e.g.Ihope（that）everythingisallright.

2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。

e.g.I'minterestedinwhetheryou'vefinishedthework..

I'minterestedinwhatyou'vesaid.

3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn'train.

②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。

e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（此句如果把whether改成