2022-2023学年湖北省“荆荆襄宜”四地七校高二（下）期中英语试卷-普通用卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年湖北省“荆荆襄宜”四地七校高二（下）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Haveyourevertriedpodcasts（播客）？Ifyouwishtofeelhappier，orjustlearnrandomthings，clickhere.Herearesomeofthemostexcitingpodcastseriesthatcanhelpyouthroughyourlearningjourney.

Tenpercenthappier

ItwascreatedafterDanHarris，ajournalist，hadapanicattackonlivenationaltelevision.Thisledhimtotrymeditationtoheal.Duringthisjourney，hewrotethebook10%Happier，whichtalksaboutthestagesofhisdevelopment.Afterthebookbecameabest-seller，DanHarriscreatedthepodcast，invitingspecialguests，suchasmeditationteachersandscientiststotalkaboutpersonaldevelopment.

Deliciouswaystofeelbetter

EllaWoodwardisknownasawriterandbusinesswomanwhoownstheblog"DeliciouslyElla".Sheapproachesasensitivesubjectaboutourrelationshipwithfood.Thispodcastcanhelpyoufixyournegativefoodexperienceswithpositiveones，whichcanresultinenjoyingalltypesoffoodinmoderationandrespectingyourbody'snaturalhungercues.

Powerhour

Sometimes，it'schallengingtoseeourtruevaluewithinourselves，whichstopsusfromimproving.Ifyou'vebeendownlately，youmaywanttocheckoutthispodcast."PowerHour"wascreatedbyAdrienneHerbert，awellnessprofessional.Shetalksaboutmotivation，trends，careerpathsandanythingaboutself-improvement.Professionalsareinvitedtodiscussimportantmatters.

Routinesandruts

Sometimes，keepingyourhabitsinplacewhenlifeisputtingyoudownisnotthateasy."RoutinesandRuts"canhelpyoumakeasignificantchangeinyourlife.ThepodcastisproducedbyMadeleineDore，awriterwholikestoexplorehowwecanspendourdaysinabalancedwaythatincludesbothproductivityandrelaxation.Shealsohassomeinterestingguests.1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom？______A.Atravelbrochure. B.Awebsite.

C.Acourseplan. D.Ascientificreport.2.Whichpodcastistargetedatpeoplewhoareinterestedindietadvice？______A.Powerhour. B.Tenpercenthappier.

C.Routinesandruts. D.Deliciouswaystofeelbetter.3.Whatdothefourpodcastshaveincommon？______A.Theyarebasedonpopularbooks.

B.Theyofteninvitefamousprofessionals.

C.Theyareallcreatedbyexperiencedwriters.

D.Theymaycontributetoourpersonalgrowth.BItishardtosayIwasarunneryearsago.ThelongestIhadeverrunwas5km.What'smore，Ididn'tlikerunning.NomatterhowhardItried，everysooftenIwouldfastenmyoldshoes，walkoutofthehousewithheavysteps，getlessthanamileinandwonderwhyIwasbothering，especiallywhentherearemanymoresatisfyingwaysofexercising.

Beforelastsummer，Ihadnevertakenpartinanykindofraceatall.ButattheendofJuly，Icompletedatriathlon（三项全能）aftertwoweeks'training.Attheendofitcametherun—whichendedupmorelikeawalk.ThenIrealizedsomethingaboutitattractedme.TheextremelypainfulfunofdoingsomethingIhatedandwasunpreparedforturnedouttobeanexcitement.Thedifficultyfeltlikesomethingtotestmyabilities.

WhenaninvitationoftheBerlinMarathondroppedontomydeskafewweeksafterthetriathlon，itfeltlikeachangeoffate.Afterthetriathlon，Ididn'tsayIshouldstartrunningatonce.WasitbecauseIhaterunning？Infact，incourseofrunningIenjoyedthejoyofexceedingmylimits.Ifeltnecessarytofindoutagainwherethoselimitsmightlie.SoIsaidyes.

Trainingforamarathonoftentakesatleast20weeksormore.Thetrainingplanbecomessomethingtostopmeworryingwhentheraceseemstoofrightening.Thisworryfeelsimpossibletoavoid，butthereissomethingequallysureaboutthetrainingplan：ifIfollowit，thenIhavedoneeverythingIcan；ifIdoeverythingIcan，thenIwon'tregretwhatcomesattheend.4.Whataspectofthetriathlondrewthewriter？______A.Thespecialfeelingoffacingachallenge.

B.Thefunofwalkingtothefinishline.

C.Theexcitementofwinningarace.

D.Thetwo-weekpainfultraining.5.WhydidthewriteraccepttheinvitationoftheBerlinMarathon？______A.Hewaseagertochangehisdestiny.

B.Hewasn'tsupposedtostoprunning.

C.Hewantedtorealizehisfullpotential.

D.Hewaskeenontakingpartinanothertriathlon.6.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethewriter？______A.Patientandpessimistic. B.Courageousanddetermined.

C.Helpfulandpersistent. D.Energeticandchangeable.7.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext？______A.Abadbeginningmakesabadending.

B.Challengeourselvestolivewithoutregrets.

C.Lifeisfullofchallengesthatcan'tbeavoided.

D.Exerciseistothebodywhatreadingistothemind.CInSilentSpring，abookthatshereferredtoasher"poisonbook"，RachelCarsonrevealedthedamagingeffectsoftheabuseofchemicalpesticidesontheenvironment.ShefocusedmainlyontheinsecticideDDT，whichhadbeenconsidered"oneofthegreatestdiscoveriesofWorldWarII"foritsabilitytokillinsectsandwasroutinelyusedinhomesandoncrops.

Carsoncalledformuchgreatercautionagainstthisgreatdiscovery.Thoughthescientificcommunityalreadyknewofthedangers，Carsonwasthefirsttomaketheinformationaccessibletoamassaudienceinherbook."Shewroteforthegeneralpublic，notthescientificcommunity，"saysLindaLear，authorofRachelCarson：WitnessforNature."Readers，includinghousewiveswhousedalotofthesechemicals，wereshockedatwhattheylearned."

Thepublic'sfirsttasteofSilentSpringactuallycameinJune1962whenTheNewYorkerranthreeexcerpts（节选）.Bythetimeitwaspublishedthatfall，itwasinsuchhighdemandthatitbecameaninstantbestseller.

Asexpected，thereactionfromthechemicalcompanieswassevere.OneindustryspokespersondismissedCarson'sclaimsas"absurd".Othersaccusedherofbeingaterriblewoman.ThepresidentofthecompanythatmadeDDTsaidCarsonwrote"notasascientist，butasacrazydefenderofthebalanceofnature."

Fortunately，Carsondecidedthepersonalriskswereworthit.Shortlyafterherbookwaspublished，PresidentKennedywasaskedataconferenceifthegovernmentwouldlookintothelong-termeffectsofpesticides.Heresponded，"Yes，andIknowtheyalreadyare.Ithink，particularly，ofcourse，sinceMissCarson'sbook."JustasWilliamSouder，authorofOnaFartherShore：TheLifeandLegacyofRachelCarson，says，"Carsonchangedtheconversationabouttheenvironment，thinkingofhumankindaspartofnature，notaboveit."8.WhomightbetheintendedreadersofSilentSpring？______A.Environmentalists. B.Ordinarypeople.

C.Scientists. D.Businessmen.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dismissed"meaninparagraph4？______A.Criticized. B.Recognized. C.Abandoned. D.Praised.10.Whatcanweinferfromthetext？______A.Theprofitofhumanbeingsshouldcomefirst.

B.SilentSpringenjoyedgreatpopularitybefore1962.

C.CarsonwasthefirsttodiscoverthedangerofDDT.

D.WilliamSouderthinkshighlyofCarsonandherbook.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.DDT：OneoftheGreatestDiscoveriesintheWorld

B.RachelCarson：IntroducingReaderstotheNaturalWorld

C.A"PoisonBook"：AwakeningtheWorldtotheDangerofDDT

D.SilentSpring：WinningtheApprovalofPeoplefromallWalksofLifeDOnekeyelementofhumanlanguageistheconnectionofwordswithmeanings.Scientistshadlongthoughtthatunlikeourwords，animalvocalizations（发出的声音）wereinvoluntary，showingthefeelingsoftheanimalwithoutcommunicatinganyotherinformation.However，overthelastfortyyears，manystudieshaveshownthatdifferentanimalshavedifferentcallswithspecificmeanings.Interestingly，themostimpressivearebirds.

Manybirdspeciesusedifferentalarmcallsfordifferentpredators（捕食性动物）.Japanesetits，whichnestintreeholes，haveonecallthatcausestheiryoungtolowerdowntoavoidbeingpulledoutofthenestbycrows，andanothercallfortreesnakesthatsendstheyoungjumpingoutofthenestcompletely.Andblack-cappedchickadeeschangethenumberof"dees"intheircallstoindicatethesizeandthreatofpredators.

Besidesalarmcalls，manybirdspeciesuserecruitmentcallsthatgatherothermembersoftheirspecies.Japanesetitsaddalarmcallstorecruitmentcallstocreateasortofcalltoarm，gatheringtheirpartnermemberstoattackanddriveoffapredator.Whenthebirdshearthiscall，theyapproachthecallerwhilescanningfordanger.

ScientistsledbyProfessorToshitakaSuzukiofKyotoUniversitydiscoveredthattheorderofthecombinedcallsmatterstotheJapanesetits.WhenSuzuki'steamplayedarecorded"alarm+recruitment"calltotits，itgetsamuchstrongerresponsethana"recruitment+alarm"call.However，thiscouldsimplybeexplainedbythebirdsrespondingtothecombinedcallswithoutknowingthepartsofthecombination，butthescientiststriedtoclarifythisquestionfromdifferentangles.12.Whatdoweknowaboutanimalvocalizations？______A.Theyareproducedunconsciously.

B.Theylackmeaningfulinformation.

C.Theyaredifficultforscientiststounderstand.

D.Theyareconnectedwithparticularmeanings.13.Howdoesthewriterdevelopparagraph2？______A.Bytheorderoftime. B.Bytheorderofspace.

C.Byprovidingexamples. D.Bymakingcomparisons.14.What'sthereactionofJapanesetitstoapredator？______A.Theyjumpoutoftheirnestsimmediately.

B.Theychangethenumberof"dees"intheircalls.

C.Theycombinealarmcallswithrecruitmentcalls.

D.Theyapproachthepredatorwhilelookingfordanger.15.Whatwillthetexttalkaboutnext？______A.Otherreasonsforthebirds'differentresponses.

B.VarioushabitsandcharacteristicsofJapanesetits.

C.Diversecombinationsofanimals'vocalizations.

D.Theimportanceofthe"recruitment+alarm"call.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Manyofusfantasizeaboutwakingupinahomeclosetonature.Butnowadaysthedreamseemsevenhardertofulfil.（1）______Besides，manypeopleareaddictedtotheInternetandcellphones，whichcontributestothehabitofstayingindoors.（2）______

Astudyonnearly5000participantsfrom10countriessuggeststhere'sadirectrelationshipbetweenthetimespentinwilderplacesandthehappinessonefeels.（3）______Whateverwesee，hear，andexperienceoutsidecanleadtoamorerelaxedbodyandthusastateofhappiness.

Recently，Covid-19hasforcedeveryonetochangetheirhabitsandlifestyles.Thevirusismoreinfectiousindoorsthanoutdoors，accordingtoscientists.Havingaccesstotheoutdoorsiscrucial，particularlyinthisunprecedentedperiod.（4）______It'spotentiallylifesaving.

Theabilitytoconnectwithnatureandreapitsbenefitscanseemdifficult，butit'snotimpossible.（5）______Gonearthewater.Ourbrainslovethewater：lookingatit，andhearingitcanproducehappymoleculesthatonlynaturecansupply.Ifyoustillfindithardtogetclosetonature，youcansipyourwinebytheopenwindowtofeelnatureinyoursurroundings.

Whateveritis，findsomethingtokeepyouconnectedwithnatureandgiveyourbrainanextraboost.

A.It'snolongerjustfuntobeoutside.

B.Theendlessworkkeepsusawayfromnature.

C.Herearesomeeasywaystoconnectwithnature.

D.However，gettingclosetonatureisofgreatbenefittous.

E.Thelongerwestayoutdoors，themoresuccessfulwe'llbe.

F.Asthetimeinnatureincreases，sodoesthelevelofhappiness.

G.Togetbacktonature，wedon'tnecessarilyneedtowalkfivemiles.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）WhenIstartedmycompany，acustomerservicenumberwasputonthecompany'swebsitetobetterthecommunicationwithusers.Somehowitrarelyrang.Soweabandonedit.

However，Ithoughtphonesupportwouldhavemadesense.So，lastyear，I（1）______puttinganotherservicenumberonourhomepage.

"Again？Wetriedthisbefore，butitdidn'twork!"theyresponded，casting（2）______onme.

"Butcompaniesevolve；circumstanceschange."Iargued.

Latelastyear，Iconvincedmycompanytogiveitashot.Sowestartedatwo-week（3）______.Duringthefirstfewdays，thevolumeofcalls，around20perday，wasnotmuchbut（4）______.Then，overthefollowingdays，thevolumeincreaseddramatically，which（5）______themall.Sosuccessfulwasitthatwefinallydecidedtoadopttheservicephonenumber（6）______.

Thisexperienceremindedmeoftheelephant-and-ropestory.Babyelephantswere（7）______withasmallrope.Becausethey'retoo（8）______tobreakfreefromtherope，theygrowupbeingconditionedthattheropeisstrongerthantheyare.So，asadults，theythinktheycanstillbe（9）______bytherope.Inmycompany，thosewhothoughtwecouldn'tbecauseweonce（10）______werelikeababyelephantwhowaslivingwitha（11）______mindset.Theydrewaconclusionbasedonspecific（12）______，buttheyforgottoreviseitwhenthingschanged.

Inbusiness，nottomentionlife，allsortsofinvisiblementalropesmayholdusback.Itresultsinmissedopportunitiesandwasted（13）______.Sodon'tholdontothe（14）______thatyoucan'tgroworlearnfrompastfailures.Allittakesis（15）______eyestoreexaminethesituation.21.

A.admitted B.imagined C.enjoyed D.proposed22.

A.annoyance B.fear C.doubt D.regret23.

A.activity B.trial C.procedure D.mission24.

A.significant B.precise C.perfect D.common25.

A.amused B.frustrated C.astonished D.pleased26.

A.partly B.regularly C.naturally D.officially27.

A.injured B.secured C.moved D.pulled28.

A.small B.big C.fat D.short29.

A.heldon B.heldback C.setfree D.setapart30.

A.tried B.reflected C.persevered D.failed31.

A.flexible B.complex C.fixed D.simple32.

A.places B.conditions C.standards D.systems33.

A.space B.strength C.money D.potential34.

A.belief B.excuse C.ambition D.information35.

A.mature B.eager C.fresh D.optimistic四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

What'sthefirstthingthatpopsintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofwheatstraw？Apileofwasteinafarmer'sfield？WuCui，（1）______intangibleculturalinheritor，canturnthestrawleftoverfromharvestedwheatintobeautifulandeye-catchingfunctionalartworks.

The（2）______（early）straw-woven（草编的）productswerediscoveredatHemuduCulturalRuinslocatedineasternChina'sZhejiangprovince.TheBookofRites，oneoftheclassicalworksofConfucianism，alsorecordsthatthere（3）______（be）matsmadeofcattailgrassandprofessionalstraw-weavingcraftsmenduringtheZhouDynasty.

Wurecallsthat，whenshewasachild，wovenstrawitemscould（4）______（find）almostineveryhouseholdinthecountryside，mostof（5）______aredailyitemslikehats，shoesorbasketsmadefromstraw，orstrawartworksmodeledafterinsects.

（6）______（fortunate），duetotheimpactofindustrialization，manufacturedgoodshavereplacedsuchproducts，andthereareonlyabout100individuals（7）______（involve）intheworkacrossthecountry.

"Strawweavingshouldwinthe（8）______（recognize）ofcustomersbyrespondingtopeople'spreferencesandneeds，whilestill（9）______（draw）inspirationfromtraditionalculture，"shesays.Hopefully，morepeoplewillunderstandtheculturebehindthetechniques，andmorecraftspeoplewilldevotethemselvestoitasacareer（10）______greatenthusiasm.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.五月一日是国际劳动节。假定你是学生会主席李华，请以"LaborCreatesHappiness"为题，为校英文报写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们过一个有意义的劳动节，内容包括：

（1）劳动的意义；（2）具体建议（至少两条）；（3）发出呼吁。

注意：（1）词数80左右；

（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

LaborCreatesHappinessDearfellowstudents，

TheStudentUnion38.Onedayanelderly，barefootpostmanknockedonthedoorofahouseandsaid，"Yourletterscome."Assoonashesaidthis，alittlegirl'svoiceechoedfrominside，"I'mcomingnow.Pleasewait."

But5minuteslater，nooneturnedup.Thepostmansaidagain，"Isthereanyonetotakeyourletter？Ihavemanyplacestogo..."

Thegirlreplied，"Sorry，ifyouareinahurry，pleaseputtheletterunderthedoor.Iamcoming；itwilltakesomemoretime..."

Theoldpostmanreplied，"No，Ihavetowait.It'saregisteredletter，sosomeone'ssignatureisneeded."Afterabout10minutes，thedoorfinallyopened.

Hewasabouttoshoutatthegirlwhenhewasshockedtofindthatinfrontofhimwasalittle，leglessgirlonawheelchair.Thepostmanquietlygavehertheletter，tookhersignatureandleft.Thatday，hegothernameMelka.

Melkaoftenlivedaloneduringthedaytime，ashermotherpassedawayandherfatherworkedfarawaywithonlyamaidtakingcareofherinthemorningandevening.

Afterthatday，whenevermailscame，thepostmanwouldknockandthenwaitpatientlyatthedoor.Littlebylittle，interactionandclosenessgrewbetweenthem.Thepostmanknewthatthislonelygirlseldomwentoutandshewascrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Melkaalsonoticedthatthepostmanalwayscamewithnoshoes.Onarainyday，whenthepostmanleftaftergivingthegirlherletter，hisfootprintswereleftonthewetsoil.Melkacameoutwithapieceofpaper，putitonthegroundandtookdownpicturesofthefeet.

Diwali，knownasafestivaloflights，wasabouttocomeandpeoplewerebusypreparinggiftsfortheirfamilyandfriends.Thepostmanalsostartedthinkingthatheshouldn'tmeetthegirlemptyhanded.Aftermuchthought，hedecidedtogiveheraspecialpresent.Butduetohistightbudget，hehadfewchoices.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式作答。

Suddenlyhethoughtofthewildflowersalongtheroadandanideastruckhim.

Afterawhile，shereturnedwithabigbox.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、D、D【解析】（1）文章出处题。根据第一段中Haveyourevertriedpodcasts？Ifyouwishtofeelhappier，orjustlearnrandomthings，clickhere.（你试过播客吗？如果你想感觉更快乐，或者只是随便学点东西，点击这里）可知，根据"点击这里"可知，本文来自网站。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据小标题Deliciouswaystofeelbetter下的段落中Thispodcastcanhelpyoufixyournegativefoodexperienceswithpositiveones，whichcanresultinenjoyingalltypesoffoodinmoderationandrespectingyourbody'snaturalhungercues.（这个播客可以帮助你用积极的食物体验来改变消极的食物体验，这可以让你适度地享受所有类型的食物，并尊重你身体的自然饥饿信号）可知，Deliciouswaystofeelbetter是针对饮食建议感兴趣的人的。故选D。

（3）推理判断题。根据第一段Herearesomeofthemostexcitingpodcastseriesthatcanhelpyouthroughyourlearningjourney.（这里有一些最令人兴奋的播客系列，可以帮助你完成你的学习之旅）可知，这四个博客都能帮助人成长。故选D。

这是一篇应用文。介绍了四种有助于丰富自我、培养健康的生活方式的播客。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】A、C、B、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段ThenIrealizedsomethingaboutitattractedme.TheextremelypainfulfunofdoingsomethingIhatedandwasunpreparedforturnedouttobeanexcitement.Thedifficultyfeltlikesomethingtotestmyabilities.（然后我意识到这件事吸引了我。做一些我讨厌的、毫无准备的事情，这种极度痛苦的乐趣变成了一种兴奋。这种困难感觉就像是在考验我的能力。）可知，作者在尝试过一次三项全能运动后意识到自己被自我挑战的乐趣所吸引，虽然过程很痛苦，但是也很有趣，充满了刺激。所以说面对挑战的特殊感觉吸引着作者参加三项全能运动。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Infact，incourseofrunningIenjoyedthejoyofexceedingmylimits.Ifeltnecessarytofindoutagainwherethoselimitsmightlie.SoIsaidyes.（事实上，在跑步的过程中，我享受着超越极限的乐趣。我觉得有必要再次发现这些极限可能在哪里。所以我答应了。）可知，作者在跑步的过程中享受到了超越极限的快乐，他想要继续超越自我充分发挥自己的潜力，所以答应参加比赛。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据文章中作者参加三项全能运动和马拉松比赛的两次经历，尤其是文章最后一段Thisworryfeelsimpossibletoavoid，butthereissomethingequallysureaboutthetrainingplan：ifIfollowit，thenIhavedoneeverythingIcan；ifIdoeverythingIcan，thenIwon'tregretwhatcomesattheend.（这种担忧似乎无法避免，但对于训练计划，有一点同样是肯定的：如果我按照计划去做，那么我就做了我能做的一切；如果我尽我所能，那么我不会后悔最后的结果。）可知，作者想要尽他所能，努力做好训练，不留遗憾。由此推断作者是一个意志坚定，敢于挑战自我的人。故选B。

（4）推理判断题。阅读全文，并根据文章最后一段中thereissomethingequallysureaboutthetrainingplan：ifIfollowit，thenIhavedoneeverythingIcan；ifIdoeverythingIcan，thenIwon'tregretwhatcomesattheend.（对于训练计划，有一点同样是肯定的：如果我按照计划去做，那么我就做了我能做的一切；如果我尽我所能，那么我不会后悔最后的结果。）可知，作者认为坚持训练是自己能做的一切，不管最后结果如何，自己尽力完成挑战便不会后悔。因此，从本文中我们可以学到，在生活中要尽我所能勇敢挑战自己，不给自己留有遗憾。选项B"挑战自己，让自己活得无怨无悔"符合文章主题，故选B。

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加三项全能运动和马拉松比赛的两次经历和个人收获。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】B、A、D、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的Though

the

scientific

community

already

knew

of

the

dangers，Carson

was

the

first

to

make

the

information

accessible

to

a

mass

audience

in

her

book.（虽然科学界已经知道了这些危险，但卡森是第一个在她的书中向大众提供信息的人。）以及"She

wrote

for

the

general

public，not

the

scientific

community，"says

Linda

Lear，author

of

Rachel

Carson：Witness

for

Nature.（《蕾切尔•卡森：自然见证者》一书的作者琳达•李尔说："她是为普通公众而不是科学界写的。"。）可知，这本书的目标读者是普通民众。故选B项。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段中的As

expected，the

reaction

from

the

chemical

companies

was

severe.（不出所料，化学公司的反应非常激烈。）可知化工公司的反应非常激烈，所以下文对书和作者的看法应该是否定的，结合选项，可猜测该单词的意思应为"批判"符合本段主题。A．Criticized.批评；B．Recognized.识别；C．Abandoned.放弃；D．Praised.夸奖。故选A项。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Just

as

William

Souder，author

of

On

a

Farther

Shore：The

Life

and

Legacy

of

Rachel

Carson，says，"Carson

changed

the

conversation

about

the

environment，thinking

of

humankind

as

part

of

nature，not

above

it."（正如《在遥远的海岸：雷切尔•卡森的一生和遗产》一书的作者威廉•苏德所说，"卡森改变了人们对环境的看法，认为人类是自然的一部分，而不是凌驾于自然之上。"。）可知，William

Souder对Carson的评价很高，认为她改变了关于环境的话题。故选D项。

（4）标题归纳题。根据首段In

Silent

Spring，a

book

that

she

referred

to

as

her"poison

book"，Rachel

Carson

revealed

the

damaging

effects

of

the

abuse

of

chemical

pesticides

on

the

environment.She

focused

mainly

on

the

insecticide

DDT，which

had

been

considered"one

of

the

greatest

discoveries

of

World

War

II"for

its

ability

to

kill

insects

and

was

routinely

used

in

homes

and

on

crops.（在《寂静的春天》这本被雷切尔•卡森称为"毒书"的书中，她揭露了滥用化学农药对环境的破坏性影响。她主要关注杀虫剂滴滴涕，它被认为是"第二次世界大战中最伟大的发现之一"，因为它有杀虫的能力，经常用于家庭和农作物。）可知，本文重点介绍了Carson的《寂静的春天》一书的内容和重要意义，以及人们对这本书的不同看法，该书将近代污染对生态的影响透彻地展示在读者面前，给予人类强有力的警示，Carson将此书称作"Poison

Book"，所以本文的标题为"一本"毒书"：唤醒世界注意DDT的危险"概括了全文主题。故选C项。

本文是一篇议论文。介绍了《寂静的春天》这本书的内容、重要意义，以及不同人对这本书的看法。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

12~15.【答案】D、C、C、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句However，over

the

last

forty

years，many

studies

have

shown

that

different

animals

have

different

calls

with

specific

meanings.（然而，在过去的四十年里，许多研究表明，不同的动物有不同的叫声，具有特定的含义。）可知，动物发出的声音是有特定含义的。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段

Many

bird

species

use

different

alarm

calls

for

different

predators（捕食性动物）.Japanese

tits，which

nest

in

tree

holes，have

one

call

that

causes

their

young

to

lower

down

to

avoid

being

pulled

out

of

the

nest

by

crows，and

another

call

for

tree

snakes

that

sends

the

young

jumping

out

of

the

nest

completely.And

black-capped

chickadees

change

the

number

of"dees"in

their

callsto

indicate

the

size

and

threat

of

predators.（许多鸟类对不同的捕食者发出不同的警报。在树洞里筑巢的日本山雀会发出一种叫声，让它们的幼鸟降低高度，以免被乌鸦拉出巢穴，而另一种叫树蛇的叫声则会让幼鸟完全跳出巢穴。黑冠山雀通过改变叫声中的"度"来表明捕食者的大小和威胁。）可知，本段通过列举Japanese

tits和

black-capped

chickadees来说明许多鸟类对不同的捕食者使用不同的警报。结合选项A.By

the

order

of

time.按时间顺序；B.By

the

order

of

space.按空间的顺序；C.By

providing

examples.通过提供例子；D.By

making

comparisons.通过比较。分析可知，C项符合文意。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句Japanese

tits

add

alarm

calls

to

recruitment

calls

to

create

a

sort

of

call

to

arm，gathering

their

partner

members

to

attack

and

drive

off

a

predator.（日本山雀在招募呼叫中增加了警报呼叫，以制造一种武装呼叫，召集伙伴攻击并赶走捕食者。）可知，日本山雀在招募叫声中加入了警报叫声来应对捕食者。故选C。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章最一段最后一句However，this

could

simply

be

explained

by

the

birds

responding

to

the

combined

calls

without

knowing

the

parts

of

the

combination，but

the

scientists

tried

to

clarify

this

question

from

different

angles.（然而，这可以简单地解释为鸟类在不知道组合部分的情况下对组合呼叫做出反应，但科学家们试图从不同的角度澄清这个问题。）可知，后文将继续介绍关于鸟类语言相关的研究，科学家们将从其他角度来分析这个问题，即探索鸟类有不同反应的背后原因。结合选项A.Other

reasons

for

the

birds'different

responses.鸟类不同反应的其他原因；B.Various

habits

and

characteristics

of

Japanese

tits.日本山雀的各种习性和特征；C.Diverse

combinations

of

animals'vocalizations.动物发声的不同组合；D.The

importance

of

the"recruitment+alarm"call."招聘+报警"的重要性。分析可知，A项符合文意。故选A。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于鸟类语言的研究，发现鸟类语言也有含义，并且语言顺序也很重要。

做阅读时首先要通读全文，理解文章大意，然后带着问题到原文中找信息句，仔细研究问题和跟问题有关的句子，琢磨其意思，选出正确答案。

16~20.【答案】B、D、F、A、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据前文Many

of

us

fantasize

about

waking

up

in

a

home

close

to

nature.But

nowadays

the

dream

seems

even

harder

to

fulfil.（我们中的许多人都幻想着在一个接近大自然的家中醒来。但如今，这个梦想似乎更难实现了。）以及后文Besides，many

people

are

addicted

to

the

Internet

and

cellphones，which

contributes

to

the

habit

of

staying

indoors.（此外，许多人沉迷于网络和手机，这导致了宅在家里的习惯。）可知，此处是在讲述了在一个接近大自然的家中醒来这个梦想更难实现了的原因，所以B项"无休止的工作使我们远离大自然。"符合语境，是在讲述原因。故选B项。

（2）联系下文题。根据后文A

study

on

nearly

5000

participants

from

10

countries

suggests

there's

a

direct

relationship

between

the

time

spent

in

wilder

places

and

the

happiness

one

feels.（一项对来自10个国家的近5000名参与者进行的研究表明，在荒野中度过的时间与人们感受到的幸福感之间存在直接关系。）可知是在讲述亲近自然的好处，前文是在讲述不能亲近自然的原因，所以空处应是转折，转向述说自然的好处，所以D项"然而，亲近自然对我们有很大的好处。"符合语境。故选D项。

（3）细节理解题。根据前文A

study

on

nearly

5000

participants

from

10

countries

suggests

there's

a

direct

relationship

between

the

time

spent

in

wilder

places

and

the

happiness

one

feels.（一项对来自10个国家的近5000名参与者进行的研究表明，在荒野中度过的时间与人们感受到的幸福感之间存在直接关系。）以及后文Whatever

we

see，hear，and

experience

outside

can

lead

to

a

more

relaxed

body

and

thus

a

state

of

happiness.（无论我们在外面看到、听到和体验到什么，都能让我们的身体更放松，从而达到一种幸福的状态。）可知，接下来应该讲述这种关系的具体情况，所以F项"随着在大自然中的时间增加，幸福程度也会增加。"符合语境。故选F项。

（4）细节理解题。根据前文Recently，Covid-19

has

forced

everyone

to

change

their

habits

and

lifestyles.The

virus

is

more

infectious

indoors

than

outdoors，according

to

scientists.Having

access

to

the

outdoors

is

crucial，particularly

in

this

unprecedented

period.（最近，新冠肺炎迫使每个人改变自己的习惯和生活方式。据科学家称，这种病毒在室内比在室外更具传染性。户外活动是至关重要的，尤其是在这个前所未有的时期。）以及后文It's

potentially

lifesaving.（这可能会挽救生命。）可知，空处和空后的句子是在对本段做总结，所以A项"外出不再只是为了好玩。"和后文构成转折关系，符合语境。故选A项。

（5）根据前文The

ability

to

connect

with

nature

and

reap

its

benefits

can

seem

difficult，but

it's

not

impossible.（与自然联系并从中获益的能力似乎很难，但并非不可能。）以及后文Go

near

the

water.Our

brains

love

the

water：looking

at

it，and

hearing

it

can

produce

happy

molecules

that

only

nature

can

supply.If

you

still

find

it

hard

to

get

close

to

nature，you

can

sip

your

wine

by

the

open

window

to

feel

nature

in

your

surroundings.（去靠近水的地方。我们的大脑喜欢水：看着它，听着它，可以产生只有大自然才能提供的快乐分子。如果你仍然觉得难以亲近自然，你可以在敞开的窗户边啜饮葡萄酒，感受周围的自然。）可知，此处是在讲述亲近自然的方法，所以C项"这里有一些与大自然亲近的简单方法。"符合语境。故选C项。

这是一篇说明文，阐述了接近大自然能让人们感觉更快乐，并介绍了一些接近大自然的方法。

关于选句填空的做题步骤：

步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不