成人三级学位英语阅读理解历年大全

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试

2000.6.10

注意事项

一、将答题卡(纸)上的姓名及学生代号用中文和阿拉伯数字填好。

二、仔细阅读题目的说明。

三、在120分钟内答完全部试题。

四、答案一定写在答题卡上，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律作废。

五、用铅笔这样划答案：[A][B][C][D],用其他符号答题者不记分。

六、如要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦去原来选定的答案，然后再按上面的规定重新答题。

PartIReadingComprehension(40%)

Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandremarkthe

correspondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Advertisementcanbethoughtof“asthemeansofmakingknowninordertobuyorsellgoods

orservicesAdvertisementaimstoincreasepeople5sawarenessandarouseinterest.Ittriesto

informandtopersuade.Themediaareallusedtospreadthemessage.Thepressoffersafairly

cheapmethod,andmagazinesareusedtoreachspecialsectionsofthemarket.Thecinemaand

commercialradioareusefulforlocalmarket.Television,althoughmoreexpensive,canbevery

effective.Publicnoticesarefairlycheapandmorepermanentintheirpowerofattraction.Other

waysofincreasingconsumerinterestarethroughexhibitionsandtradefairsaswellasdirectmail

advertisement.

Therecanbenodoubtthatthegrowthinadvertisementisoneofthemoststrikingfeaturesof

thewesternworldinthiscentury.Manybusinessessuchasthosehandlingfrozenfoods,liquor,

tobaccoandmedicineshavebeenbuiltuplargelybyadvertisement.

Wemightaskwhetherthecostofadvertisementispaidforbytheproducerorbythe

customer.Sinceadvertisementformspartofthecostofproduction,whichhastobecoveredby

thesellingprice,itisclearthatitisthecustomerwhopaysforadvertisement.However,iflarge

scaleadvertisementleadstoincreaseddemand,productioncostsarereduced,andthecustomer

paysless.

Itisdifficulttomeasureexactlytheinfluenceofadvertisementonsales.Whenthemarketis

growing,advertisementhelpstoincreasedemand.Whenthemarketisshrinking,advertisement

maypreventabiggerfallinsalesthanwouldoccurwithoutitssupport.Whatisclearisthat

businesseswouldnotpaylargesumsforadvertisementiftheywerenotconvincedofitsvalueto

them.

1.Advertisementisoftenusedto

A.deceivecustomersB.increaseproduction

C.arousesuspicionD.pushthesale

2.Thewordttmedia,,(inthefirstparagraph)includes

A.thepressB.television

C.radioD.alloftheabove

3.Advertisementismainlypaidforby

A.thecustomerB.theproducer

C.increasedsalesD.reducedprices

4.Advertisement,canincreasedemand

A.ailthetimeB.inanycircumstances

C.inagrowingmarketD.inashrinkingmarket

5.Fromthelast*sentenceofthispassageweconcludethat

A.businessesusuallydonotpaymuchforadvertisement

B.businessmenknowwellthatadvertisementcouldbringthemmoreprofits

C.advertisementcouldhardlyconvincepeopleofthevalueofthegoods

D.advertisementusuallycostbusinesseslargeamountsofmoney

l.D2.D3.A4.C5.B

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisa

mystery.Allwereallyknowisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertainsoundsto

expressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;

andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbecombinedtorepresent

thosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspoken,orwrittenin

letterswecallwords.

Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheircombinations—thethingstheybringupbeforeour

minds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themore

certainwordsrecalltousthegladandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,the

morethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincreases.

Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwords

whichappealpowerfullytoourmindsandfeelings.Thischarmingandtellinguseofwordsiswhatwe

callliterary（文字的）style.Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconveyhismeaningin

wordswhichsinglikemusic,andwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.We

shouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywillmakeour

speechsillyandrude.

6.Theoriginoflanguage.

A.isreflectedinsoundsandletters

B.ishandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration

C.datesbacktotheprehistoricperiod

D.isaproblemnotyetsolved

7.Accordingtothepassage,wordsare.

A.visualletters

B.representedbysounds

C.representedeitherbysoundsorletters

D.signscalledletters

8.Thepowerofwordsliesintheir

A.beautyB.accuracy

C.combinationsD.charm

9.Thesecretofawriter'ssuccessistheuseofwordsthat

A.recalltousthegladandsadeventsofourpast

B.arearrangedinacreativeway

C.areasbeautifulasmusic

D.agreewithcertainliterarystyle

10.Theauthorofthepassageadvisesus

A.tousewordscarefullyandaccurately

B.nottousesillyandrudewords

C.tobecomeaslaveofwords

D.touseemotionalwords

6.D7,C8.C9.A10.A

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Mostpeoplehavehadadogorwantedoneastheircompanionatsometimeintheirlives.If

youarethinkingofbuyingadog,however,youshouldfirstdecidewhatsortofcompanionyou

needandwhetherthedogislikelytobehappyinthesurroundingsyoucanprovide.Specialists,

adviceisusefultohelpyouchoosethemostsuitablekindofdog.Butinpartthedecisiondepends

oncommonsense.Differentdogswereoriginallydevelopedtoperformspecifictasks.So,ifyou

wantadogtoprotectyouoryourhouse,forexample,youshouldchoosetheonethathastheright

sizeandcharacteristics.Youmustalsobereadytodevoteagreatdealoftimetotrainingthedog

whenitisyoungandgiveittheexerciseitneedsthroughoutitslife,unlessyouliveinthe

countrysideandcanletitrunfreely.Dogsaredemandingpets.Catslovethehouseandsoare

satisfactorywiththeirplacewherethereissecure,butadogisloyaltoitsmasterandconsequently

wantshimtoshowproofofhisaffection.Thebesttimetobuyababydogiswhenitisbetween6

and8weeksoldsothatitcantransferitsloveforitsmothertoitsmaster.Ifbabydogshavenot

establishedarelationshipwiththehumanbeinguntiltheyareoverthreemonthsold,theirstrong

relationshipwillalwaysbewithdogs.Theyarelikelytobetooshywhentheyarebroughtoutinto

theworldtobecomegoodpets.

11.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Youcanalwaysgethelpfromthespecialists.

B.Itiscommonsensethatisthemostimportantwhenchoosingadog.

C.Youshoulddecidewhatkindofdogyouwant.

D.Sizeandcharacteristicsofthedogsshouldbeconsideredtoo.

12.Whatismentionedasaconsiderationinbuyingadog?

A.Thecolorofthedog.

B.Thepriceofthedog.

C.Whetherthedogwillfittheenvironment.

D.Whetherthedogwillgetalongwiththeotherpetsinthehouse.

13.Whydoesthewritersayadogisamoredemandingpetthanacat?

A.Itmustbetrainedsothatitwon'tbite.

B.Itdemandsmorefoodandspace.

C.Itneedsmoreloveandcare.

D.Itmustbelookedaftercarefully.

14.Whyisitadvisedtobuyababydogunderthreemonthsold?

A.It'seasiertobuyababydogunderthreemonthsold.

B.Theyarelesslikelytobeshywithhumanbeings.

C.Theyarelesslikelytorunaway.

D.It'seasierforthemtoformarelationshipwiththeirmasters.

15.Theword"affection''(line11)means

A.loveB.effect

C.tieD.relationship

ll.B12.C13.C14.D15.A

Passage4

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

MoviesarethemostpopularformofentertainmentformillionsofAmericans.They,goto

themoviestoescapetheirnormaleverydayexistenceandtoexperiencealifesnoreexcitingthan

theirown.Theymaychoosetoseeaparticularfilmbecausetheyliketheactorsorbecausethey

haveheardthefilmhasagoodstory.Butthemainreasonwhypeoplegotothemoviesisto

escape.Sittinginadarktheater,watchingtheimagesonthescreen,theyenteranotherworldthat

isrealtothem.Theybecomeinvolvedinthelivesofthecharactersinthemovie,andfortwo

hours,theyforgetallabouttheirownproblems.Theyareinadreamworldwherethingsoften

appeartobemoreromantic(浪漫的)andbeautifulthaninreallife.

Thebiggest“dreamfactories^^areinHollywood,thecapitalofthefilmindustry.Eachyear,

Hollywoodstudiosmakehundredsofmoviesthatareshownallovertheworld.Americanmovies

arepopularbecausetheytellstoriesandtheyarewell—made.Theyprovidethepublicwith

heroeswhodothingstheaveragepersonwouldliketodobutoftencan't.Peoplehavetocope

withmanyproblemsandmuchtroubleinreallife,sotheyfeelencouragedwhentheyseethe

“goodguys"wininthemovies.

16.TheAmericansgotothemoviesmainlybecausetheywant

A.toenjoyagoodstory

B.toexperienceanexcitinglife

C.toseetheactorsandactresses

D.toescapetheirdailylife

17.Whichofthefollowingispeople'snormalresponsetothemoviestheywatch?

A.Theyfeelthateverythingonthescreenisfamiliartothem.

B.Theytrytoturntheirdreamsintoreality.

C.Theybecomesoinvolvedthattheyforgettheirownproblems.

D.Theyaretouchedbythelifestoriesofthestoriesoftheactorsandactresses.

18.Itisobviousthatreallifeis

A.lessromanticthanthatinthemovies

B.moreromanticthanthatinthemovies

C.asromanticasthatinthemovies

D.filledwithromanticstories

19.TheAmericanmoviesarepopularbecause

A.theyarewell—madeandthestoriesareinteresting

B.thecharactersinthemoviesarefreetodowhatevertheylike

C.theheroeshavetocopewithmanyproblemsandfrustrations

D.goodguysinthemoviesalwayswinintheend

20.Peopleenjoyseeingthemoviesbecausethey

A.aretiredoftheireverydaylives

B.feelinspiredbytheheroicdeedsofthegoodguys

C.wanttoseewhowinintheend

D.havetocopewithmanyproblemsintheirlives

16D17.C18.A19A20.B

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试（A）

2001.6.9

注意事项

一、将答题卡（纸）上的姓名及学生代号用中文和阿拉伯数字填好。

二、仔细阅读题目的说明。

三、在120分钟内答完全部试题。

四、答案一定写在答题卡上，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律作废。

五、用铅笔这样划答案：[A][B][C][D],用其他符号答题者不记分。

六、如要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦去原来选定的答案，然后再按上面的规定重新答题。

PartIReadingComprehension(40%)

Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passage1

QuestionsIto5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Inordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,itisnecessarytoovercomethefearofmaking

mistakes.Iftheprimarygoaloflanguageuseiscommunication,thenmistakesaresecondary

considerationsthatmaybedealwithgraduallyasawarenessofthosemistakesincreases.Onthe

otherhand,studentsshouldnotignoretheirmistakes.Thelanguagelearnermayobservehow

nativespeakersexpressthemselves,andhownativeexpressionsdifferfromthewaythelearner

mightsaythem.Forexample,aSpanishspeakerwhohasbeensaying“Idoit“toexpress

willingnesstodosomethingintheimmediatefuture,could,bycommunicatingwithnative

speakersofEnglish,observethatnativespeakersactuallysay'THdoit”.Thisdifferencecanserve

asabasisforthestudenttochangehiswayofusingthepresenttenseinEnglish.Butastudent

whoisunwillingtocommunicateinthefirstplacewouldlosethisOpportunitytolearnbytrial

anderror.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepresenttenseinEnglishis

A.notusedtoexpressadesiretodosomethingintheimmediatefuture

B.usedwithsomeverbsbutnotwithotherstoexpressfutureintention

C.basicallythesameinEnglishasitisinSpanish

D.notthemostdifficultproblemforforeignstudents

2.Accordingtothepassage,languagelearnerscanreducethenumberoftheirmistakesby

A.askingnativespeakersforexplanations

B.readinggoodbooksintheforeignlanguage

C.comparingtheirspeechwiththatofnativespeakers

D.speakingwithoutregardtonativespeakers

3.Accordingtothepassage,foreignlanguagestudentswhodonotcommunicatewithnative

speakerswillNOT

A.learnverymuchabouttheforeignsociety

B.learnaboutthehistoryoftheforeignlanguage

C.havetoworryaboutmakingmistakes

D.takeadvantageofavailablelanguage

4.Accordingtothepassage,foreignlanguagestudentsshouldnotworrytoomuchabout

makingmistakesbecause

A.nativespeakerslikeforeignstudentswhotrytolearntheirlanguage

B.communicationistheprimarygoaloflanguagelearning

C.nativespeakerswillignoretheirmistakes

D.everyonemakesmistakeswhentryingtocommunicateinastrangelanguage

5.Theauthor'smajorconclusionaboutthefunctionofmistakesinforeignlanguagelearning

isthat

A.mistakesarenotimportantintheprocessoflearningalanguage

B.learnersareoftenveryafraidofmakingmistakes

C.makingmistakescanhelpthelearnerdiscovertherulesofthelanguage

D.nativespeakersoftendonottellforeignlanguagelearnersabouttheirmistake

ACDBC

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

TheChinesehaveusedamethodcalledacupuncture（针灸）toperformoperationsforabout4,

000yearswithoutputtingthepatienttosleep,ainvolvesplacingflexibleneedlesintocertainparts

ofthebody.TheneedlesareavailableinanumberofstoresinChinaandanyonemaybuythem.

Tolearnhowtousetheneedlestakesaboutonemonthoftraining.Butbeskillfulrequires

greatertime.Thepersonwhoperformstheacupunctureknowshowtoputintheneedlessothe

needlesthemselvesarepainful.Thispersonalsoknowswheretoplacetheneedlessothepatient

feelsnopainintheareawheretheoperationistobeperformed.Aparticularoperationmight

require25ormoreneedlesplacedinvariouspartsofthebody.Butnowthisoperationrequires

only3or4needles.

Today,theChinesedoctorsaretryingtolearnmoreaboutacupuncture.Theyaretryingto

developaconvincingtheorytoexplainhowtheneedlesworkinpreventingpain,orwhyaneedle

inthewrist,forexample,wouldpreventthepainintheareaofthemouth.

Apatientwhoneedsanoperationisgivenachoicebetweenhavingacupunctureorhaving

oneofthechemicalsusedforputtinghimtosleep.Ithasbeenestimatedthatoverhalfofthe

patientschooseacupuncturebecausethereisnosicknessaftertheoperationbecausethechemical

maymakethepatientsickforafewhoursoraday.

6.Acupunctureis

A.amedicaloperationB.amedicalneedle

C.amedicaltechniqueD.amedicalmachine

7.Whichstatementisnottrueoftheperformerofacupuncture?

A.Heknowswheretoplacetheneedleswithoutpain.

B.Heknowswheretheoperationistobeperformed.

C.Heknowshowtoperformtheoperationtocurethepatient.

D.Heknowshowtousetheneedlesinanoperation.

8.Tolearnhowtousetheneedles,ittakesaperson

A.severalmonthsB.acoupleofweeks

C.alifetimeD.almostonemonth

9.Itcanbelearnedformthepassagethat

A.thepersonperformingtheacupunctureknowsalotaboutthemakingofneedles

B.anoperationnowneedsfewerneedlesthaninthepast

C.acupuncturehasexistedinChinaforaslongas2,000years

D.fewpatientspreferacupuncturetochemicals

10.Whichisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassage?

A.TheChinesemainlyuseacupuncturetocurestrangedisease.

B.TheChinesearelearningtobemoreskillfulandefficientinacupuncture.

C.TheChinesehavespreadacupunctureallovertheworld.

D.MostChinesepatientspreferacupuncturetochemicalsincuringdiseases.

ACDBB

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Isteachingimportant?Well,ofcourseitis.Therewasatimewhenthenecessaryknowledge

couldbetaughttotheyoungbyfamilymembers.Butassocietiesbecamemorecomplexand

divisionoflabormorecommon,itwasimpossibleforfamilymemberstoteachtheinformation

andskillsyoungpeopleneededtobecomeusefulmembersofthesociety.Astheneedfor

specialistsappeared,thejobofteachingcameintobeinginourcounty,andteachingasajobhas

beenofincreasingimportanceoverthepasthundredyears.Today,wehavestrictrulesfor

teachers.Wehopeallchildrenca~attendschools.Manythingstellusthatteachingisindeedan

“important"job.

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenanincreasingneedforteacherstobe"responsibleThis

meansthatthepublicexpectsteacherstosucceeduteachingimportantinformationtotheyoung.

Teachers'salariestoday,whilenotmuch,certainlyaremuchhigherthantheywereinyearspast.

Theseincreaseshavecomeaboutbecausepeoplehaverealizedthatwithoutenoughsalaries,

peoplewhohaveabilitieswillnotbecometeachers.Todayalmostnoonesaysthat''anybodywill

do“forateacher.Thepublicexpects"qualitypeople“toteachtheyoung,andprogressisbeing

madetogivesalariesthatwillmakepeoplewhohaveabilitiesbecometeachers.

11.Beforethejobofteachingcameintobeing,

A.familymembershadbeenresponsiblefortheeducationoftheyoung

B.specialistshadbeeninchargeofteachingyoungpeople

C.youngpeoplehadhadtobeself~~educated

D.thesocietyhadplayedanimportantroleineducatingyoungpeople

12.Thejobofteachingcameintobeingmainlybecauseof

A.thedevelopmentofthesociety

B.theexplosionofinformation

C.Theneedforspecialists

D.thecivilizationofhumanbeings

13.Teachers?salariesareraisedtodayinorderto

A.showtheimportanceofteachingasajob

B.attractmorequalifiedpeopletobecometeachers

C.maketeachers“responsible“intheirteaching

D.improvethequalityofpublicteaching

14.“Anybodywilldo“forateachermeansthat

A.almostallpeoplewanttobecomeateacher

B.ateacherissohighlyrespectedthatpeopleallwanttohelphimateacherwilldowhatever

hecanforhisstudents

D.thejobofteachingissoeasythateverybodycandoit

15.Weknowfromthepassagethat

A.Itisimportanttobesuccessfulinteachingtheyoung

B.enoughsalariesarenecessaryinmakingqualitypeoplebecometeachers

C.greaterprogresshastobemadeinteaching

D.teachingisaproductofthesociety'sdivisionoflabor

ACBDB

Passage4

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thoughsomepeoplehavesuggestedthatwomenshouldreturntohouseworkinordertoleave

morejobsformen,theideahasbeenrejectedbybothwomenandmeninpublicopinionpolls（民

意测验）.Latelysomeunionofficialshavesuggestedthattoomanywomenareemployedintype

ofworkmoresuitableforemenandthatwomenshouldstepasidetomakewayforunemployed

youngmen.Theyarguethatwomenespeciallywomenintheirchildbearingyearsactually

delayeconomicdevelopmentandresultinlowerproductivity,poorqualityandinefficiency.

Tosolvetheproblem,theyhavesuggestedthattheworkingwomenstayathomewhiletheir

husbandsorbrothersweregivendoublewages.Theyarguethatunderthesecircumstances

-familieswouldretaintheirsamelevelofincome,andwomencouldrunthehouseandraise

childrenmuchbetter.

Thesuggestionhasbeenrejectedby9outof10peoplepolled.Ahundredpersonsinabigcity

werequestionedlastsummer.Outof50women,46saidtheywereunwillingtoleavetheirjobs,

nomatterwhatthesituationwas.Theother4saidtheywouldliketoreturnhomeiftheirjobs

couldbetakenbytheirsonsordaughters.Of50menpolled,only6saidtheywouldliketosee

theirwivesgiveuptheirjobs,ifitmeanthigherwagesforthemselves.

Someotherpeoplehavesuggestedanotherwaydied“phasedemploymenttheoryThe

theorysuggeststhatawomanworkertakeleavefromherjobwhensheissevenmonths

pregnant（妊娠）andstayoffthejobuntilherbabyreachestheageof3.Itsuggeststhatwomenon

leavereceive75percentoftheirnormalsalaryandbeallowedtoreturntoworkafterthe3—year

period.Thiswillbenefitchildren,women,theirfamiliesandthesociety.Someofthosepolled,

bothwomenandmen,felttheideaisagoodone.Itdefinitelyseemstobemoreacceptablethan

thesuggestionthatwomenreturntohomeforever.

16.Someunionofficialshavesuggestedthatwomenshouldreturnhomebecause

A.allofthemareemployedinunsuitabletypesofwork

B.mostskilledmaleworkersarenowunemployed

C.theirparticipationinworkhasabadinlluenceontheeconomicdevelopment

D.nowadaysnoonecantakecareofchildrenexceptwomen

17.Someunionofficialshavesuggestedthatifwomenresigntheirjobs.

A.theyshouldbeallowedtoattendschooltobetrained

B.theirjobsshouldbetakenoverbythemalemembersoftheirfamilies

C.themaleemployeesintheirfamiliesshouldreceivedoublewages

D.theirchildrenshouldalsoleavetheirkindergartens

18.Accordingtothepassage,thesuggestionthatwomenshouldreturntohouseworkwas

A.opposedbymostmenandwomen

B.welcomedbymenonly

C.welcomedbywomenonly

D.welcomedbymenandwomen

19.Formthepassagewecansee“phasedemployment”means

A.twoormorewomensharethesamejob

B.womenstayathomeonweekdaysandgotoworkonweekendsorholidays

C.awomanshouldresignherjobforeverifshehasachild

D.womenareallowedtotakeleaveformtheirjobsduringtheirchildbearingyears

20.Accordingtothe“phasedemploymenttheory,duringawoman'sleavefromherjob

A.herworkshouldbedonebyherhusbandorbrothers

B.eitherherhusbandorherbrotherswillbegivendoublewages

C.herfamilycanstillkeepthesamelevelofincome

D.herfamily'sincomelevelwillbealittlelowerthanitnormallyis

CCADD

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试（A）

2002.6

注意事项

一、将答题卡（纸）上的姓名及学生代号用中文和阿拉伯数字填好。

二、仔细阅读题目的说明。

三、在120分钟内答完全部试题。

四、答案一定写在答题卡上，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律作废。

五、用铅笔这样划答案：[A][B][C][D],用其他符号答题者不记分。

六、如要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦去原来选定的答案，然后再按上面的规定重新答题。

PartIReadingComprehension（40%）

Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passage1QuestionsIto5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Inancienttimesthemostimportantexaminationswerespoken,notwritten.Intheschoolsof

ancientGreeceandRome,testingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches.

IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAges,studentswhowereworkingforadvanced

degreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywithpeoplewhohadmadeaspecialstudy

ofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayaspartoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctor5s

degree.

Generally,however,modernexaminationsarewritten.Thewrittenexamination,whereall

studentsaretestedonthesamequestion,wasprobablynotknownuntilthenineteenthcentury.

Perhapsitcameintoexistencewiththegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentof

modernindustry.Aroomfullofcandidatesforastateexamination,timedexactlybyelectric

clocksandcarefullywatchedoverbymanagers,resemblesagroupofworkersatanautomobile

factory.Generally,duringexaminationsteachersandstudentsareexpectedtoactlikemachines.

Onetypeoftestissometimescalledan“objective"test.Itisintendedtodealwithfacts,not

personalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,eachof

whichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Alongwitheachquestiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswer

andalsothreestatementsthatlooklikecorrectanswerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthe

materialproperly.

1.IntheMiddleAgesstudents

A.tookobjectivetestsB.specializedinonesubject

C.weretimedbyelectricclocksD.neverwroteexams

2.Themainideaofparagraph3isthat

A.workersnowtakeexaminations

B.thepopulationhasgrown

C.thereareonlywrittenexams

D.examinationsarenowwrittenandtimed

3.Thekindofexamswherestu