高中英语第24讲：阅读高分突破3：细节题的秘密

SQKC-25高三一轮第25讲课后作业第一篇：Hometomemeansasenseoffamiliarityandnostalgia(怀旧).It'sfuntocomehome.Itlooksthesame.Itsmellsthesame.You'llrealizewhat'schangedisyou.Homeiswhereweranrememberpain,live,andsomeotherexperiences;Wepartedhere;Myparentsmethere;Iwonthreechampionshipshere.IfIclosemyeyes,Icanstillhaveaclearpictureinmindofmyfirsthome.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofasurroundingalowglass-topwoodentable.Totherightofthelivingroomismyfirstbedroom.It'sempty,butit'swheremyearliestmemoriesare.ThereisthediningroomtablewhereIcelebratedbirthdays,andwhereIcriedonHalloween-whenIdidn'twanttoweartheskirtmymothermadeforme.Ialwayslikedstandingonthattablebecauseitmademefeeltallandstrong.IfIsitatthistable,Icanseemyfavoriteroominthehouse,myparents'room.Itissimple:abrownwoodendresserlinestherightsideofthewallnexttoatelevisionandacoupleofphotosofmygrandparentsoneachside.Theirbedismysafezone.Icanjumponitanytime-wakingupmyparentsifIamscaredorifIhaveanimportantannouncementthatcannotwaituntilthemorning.I'mluckybecauseIknowmyfirsthomestillexists.Itexistsinmymindandheart,onaphysicalproperty(住宅)onWest64thstreetonthewesternedgeofLosAngeles.ItisproofIlived,IgrewandIlearned.SometimeswhenIfeellost,Iliedownandshutmyeyes,andIgohome.Iknowit'swhereI'llfindmyfamily,mydogs,andmybelongings.IpurposelyleavethewindowopenatnightbecauseIknowI'llbeblamedbyMom.ButIdon'tmind,becauseIwanttohearhersaymyname,whichremindsmeI'mhome.43.Whydoestheauthorcallherparents'bedher"safezone"(Paragraph3)?A.Itisherfavoriteplacetoplay.B.Herneedscanbesatisfiedthere.C.Hergrandparents'photosarelinedoneachside.D.Herparentsalwaysplaytogetherwithherthere.

44.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Theoldfurnitureisstillintheauthor'sfistbedroom.B.TheauthorcanstillvisitherfirstphysicalmomeinLosAngeles.C.Theauthor'sfavoriteroominherfirsthomeisthediningroom.D.Manypeopleoftheauthor'sagecanstillfindtheirfirstphysicalhomes.45.Sometimeswhenshefeelslost,theauthorwill_______.A.OpenthewindowatnightB.liedowninbedtohaveadreamC.trytobringbackasenseofhomeD.gotoLosAngelestovisithermom46.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toexpresshowmuchsheisattachedtoherhome.B.Todeclarehowmuchshelovesherfirsthouse.C.Todescribethestateofherfamily.D.Tolookbackonherchildhood.第二篇：Fearmaybefeltintheheartaswellasinthehead,accordingtoastudythathasfoundalinkbetweenthecyclesofabeatingheartandthechanceofsomeonefeelingfear.Testsonhealthyvolunteersfoundthattheyweremorelikelytofeelasenseoffearatthemomentwhentheirheartsarecontracting(收缩)andpumpingbloodaroundtheirbodies,comparedwiththepointwhentheheartbeatisrelaxed.Scientistssaytheresultssuggestthattheheartisabletoinfluencehowthebrainrespondstoafearfulevent,dependingonwhichpointitisatinitsregularcycleofcontractionandrelaxation.

SarahGarfinkelattheBrightonandSussexMedicalSchoolsaid:"Ourstudyshowsforthefirsttimethatthewayinwhichwedealwithfearisdifferentdependingonwhenweseefearfulpicturesinrelationtoourheart."Thestudytested20healthyvolunteersontheirreactionstofearastheywereshownpicturesoffearfulfaces.DrGarfinkelsaid,"Thestudyshowedthatfearfulfacesarebetternoticedwhentheheartispumpingthanwhenitisrelaxed.Thusourheartscanalsoaffectwhatweseeandwhatwedon'tsee-andguidewhetherweseefear."Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationship,thescientistsalsousedabrainscanner(扫描仪)toshowhowthebraininfluencesthewaytheheartchangesaperson'sfeelingoffear."Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak’toeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear,"DrGarfinkelsaid."Wehopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowfearisdealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereduced,wemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisorders,andalsoforthoseforthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder."47.Whatisthefindingofthestudy?A.One'sheartaffectshowhefeelsfear.B.fearisaresultofone'srelaxedheartbeat.C.fearhassomethingtodowithone'shealth.D.Onesfastheartbeatsarelikelytocausefear.48.Thestudywascarriedoutbyanalyzing_______.A.volunteers'heartbeatswhentheysawterriblepicturesB.thetimevolunteerssawfearfulpicturesandtheirhealthconditionsC.volunteers'reactionstohorriblepicturesanddataformtheirbrainscansD.differentpicturesshowntovolunteersandtheirheart-braincommunication49.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto"mechanism"inParagraph6?A.Order.B.system.C.Machine.D.Treatment.

50.Thisstudymaycontributeto_______.A.treatinganxietyandstressbetterB.explainingthecycleoffearandanxietyC.findingtheskytotheheart-braincommunicationD.understandingdifferentfearsinourheartsandheads第三篇：TheNationalGalleryDescription:TheNationalGalleryistheBritishnationalartmuseumbuiltonthenorthsideofEuropeanartrangingfrom13th-centuryreligiouspaintingstomoremodernonesbyRenoirandVanGogh.TheoldercollectionsofthegalleryarereachedthroughthemainentrancewhilethemoremodernworksintheEastWingaremosteasilyreachedfromTrafalgarSquarebyagroundfloorentrance.Layout:ThemodernSainsburyWingonthewesternsideofthebuildinghouses13th-to15th-centurypaintings,andartistsincludeDuccio,Uccello,VanEyck,Lippi,Mantegna,BotticelliandMemling.ThemainWestWinghouses16th-centurypaintings,andartistsincludeLeonardodaVinci,Cranach,Michelangelo,Raphael,Bruegel,Bronzino,TitanandVeronese.TheNorthWinghouses17th-centurypaintings,andartistsincludeCaravaggio,Rubens,Poussin,VanDyck,Velazquez,ClaudeandVermeer.TheEastWinghouses18th-toearly20th-centurypaintings,andartistsincludeCanaletto,Goya,Turner,Constable,RenoirandVanGoghOpeningHours:TheGalleryisopeneverydayfrom10amto6pm(Fridays10anmto9pm)andisfree,butchargesapplytosomespecialexhibitions.

GettingThere:Nearestundergroundstations:CharingCross(2-minutewalk),LeicesterSquare(3-minutewalk),Embankment(7-minutewalk),andPiccadillyCircus(8-minutewalk).68．Inwhichcentury’scollectioncanyouseereligiouspaintings?A．The13thB．The17thC．The18thD．The20th69．WhereareLeonardodaVinci’sworksshown?A．IntheEastWing.B．InthemainWestWing.C．IntheSainsburyWing.D．IntheNorthWing.70．WhichundergroundstationisclosesttotheNationalGallery?A．PiccadillyCircus.B．LeicesterSquare.C．Embankment.D．CharingCross.第四篇：Sparrowisafast-foodchainwith200restaurants.Someyearsago,thegrouptowhichSparrowbelongedwastakenoverbyanothercompany.AlthoughSparrowshowednosignofdeclining,thechainwasgenerallyinanunhealthystate.Withmoreandmorefast-foodconceptsreachingthemarket,theSparrowmenuhadtostruggleforattention.Andtomakemattersworse,itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.

Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears.UntilanewCEO,CarlPearson,decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.PearsonfacedabattleoverthefutureoftheSparrowbrand.Thechain’sownernowfavoredrebrandingSparrowasMarcy’srestaurants.Pearsonresisted,arguingforanadvertisingcampaigndesignedtoconvincecustomersthatvisitstoSparrowrestaurantswerefun.Suchanattempttoestablishapositiverelationshipbetweenacompanyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime.Pearsonstronglybelievedthatnumberswerethekeytosuccess,ratherthancustomers’speedingpower.Finally,theowneracceptedhisidea.Thecampaignitselfchangedthetraditionaladvertisingstyleofthefast-foodindustry.TheTVadsofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsonsperformedbyavarietyofstars.Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct,theintensionwastoputSparrowintheheartsofpotentialcustomers.PearsonalsomadeotherdecisionswhichhebelievedwouldcontributetothenewSparrowimage.Forexample,heofferedtolowertherentofanyrestaurantswhichachievedacertainincreaseintheirturnover.(营业额)Theseeffortspaidoff,andSparrowsoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfulfast-foodchainsintheregionswhereitoperated.71.WhichwasoneoftheproblemsSparrowfacedbeforePearsonbecameCEO?A.ThenumberofitscustomerswasdecliningB.ItscustomersfoundthefoodunhealthyC.ItwasinneedoffinancialsupportD.Mostofitsrestaurantswereclosed72.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A.CustomersofSparrowrestaurantsC.Customersofotherfast-foodchainsB.SparrowrestaurantsD.otherfast-foodchains

73.ForwhatpurposedidPearsonstarttheadvertisingcampaign?A.TobuildagoodrelationshipwiththepublicB.TostresstheunusualtraditionofSparrowC.Toleanaboutcustomers;spendingpower.D.TomeetthechallengefromMarcy’srestaurants.74.TheTVadsofSparrow________.A.changedpeople’sviewsonpopstarsB.amusedthepublicwithoriginalsongsC.focusedonthesuperiorityofitsproductsD.influencedtheeatinghabitsoftheaudience75.WhatwasPearson’sachievementasaCEO?A.HemanagedtopayoffSparrow’sdebts.B.HemadeSparrowmuchmorecompetitiveC.HehelpedSparrowtakeoveracompanyD.HeimprovedthewelfareofSparrowemployees

参考答案：第一篇：43.从Paragraph3倒数第2行可以看出，作者可以在害怕或有重要事情宣布的时候随时叫醒她的父母，也就是说她可以随时在有需要的时候寻求父母的帮助，满足她的各种需求，故正确答案为B。44.从Paragraph2的最后一句话可以看出，myfirstbedroomisemptynow.故A选项错误。从Paragraph3的第三行可以看出，IfIsitatthistable,Icanseemyfavoriteroominthehouse,myparents’room.故C选项错误。从Paragraph4的第一句话可以看出，I’mluckybecauseIknowmyfirsthomestillexists.说明大多数人的第一所房子都已经不复存在，故D选项错误。而从Paragraph4可以看出，作者在LosAngles的家仍然幸存，故正确答案为B。45.从最后一段可以看出，每当作者感到迷失时，她就会回到家里寻找归属感（belongings），还会特意在晚上把窗户打开，为的就是听听妈妈呵斥自己的声音。这一切都在告诉她，“I’mhome”（文中的最后一句）。故正确答案为C。46.文章通过描述家里各个间房的摆设和回忆，表达了作者对家的深深依恋，特别是最后一段更加突出了“家”对作者的重要性，这里是她最佳的避风港湾，故正确答案为A。第二篇：47.从Paragraph1可以看出，研究表明，心脏的循环系统与人们对恐惧的感知之间存在某种联系，故正确答案为A。48.从Paragraph4的第一句话可以看出，研究主要测试的是志愿者对恐怖图片的反应（reaction），此外，Paragraph5提到在研究过程中还会使用扫描仪扫描志愿者的大脑以获取数据，故正确答案为C。49.从Paragraph6的上下文可知，在人体内部存在某种“系统”将心脏和大脑联系了起来，使二者之间可以对话（speak）。故正确答案为B。A“order”意为顺序，C“machine”意为机器，D“treatment”意为治疗，均不符合语意。50.从最后一段的倒数2行可以看出，该项研究将有助于促进对焦虑症患者和压力过大者的治疗，故正确答案为A。第三篇：

68.A.The13th【解析】细节题。由religiouspaintings定位至Description部分。由“rangingfrom13th-centuryreligiouspaintings”可知，宗教绘画是13世纪的藏品，因此，正确答案为A。69.B.InthemainWestWing.【解析】细节题。由LeonardodaVinci定位至Layout部分。由“ThemainWestWinghouses16th-centurypaintings,andartistsincludeLeonardodaVinci…”可知，LeonardodaVinci的作品在themainWestWing展出，因此，正确答案为B。70.D.CharingCross.【解析】细节题。由undergroundstation定位至GettingThere部分。由此段可知，从CharingCross至美术馆走路只需两分钟，因此，正确答案为D。第四篇：71答案：C；关键句：”Andtomakemattersworse,itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.”解析：“AlthoughSparrowshowednosignofdeclining”排除A选项；“thechainwasgenerallyinanunhealthystate.”中一个unhealthy。“Andtomakemattersworse,itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.”由此可得答案C；D选项无涉及。72.答案：D；关键句：Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem..解析：此处，turnawayfrom表示“从....处走开”，所以from之后应该表示主语的原始位置，所以应该是otherfast-foodchains73.答案：A；关键句:Pearsonresisted,arguingforanadvertisingcampaigndesignedtoconvincecustomersthatvisitstoSparrowrestaurantswerefun.Suchanattempttoestablishapositiverelationshipbetweenacompanyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime.

解析：关键句中”suchanattemptto（表目的）establishapositiverelationshipbetweenacompanyandthegeneralpublic”直接定位到正确答案A74.答案：B；关键句:TheTVadsofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsongsperformedbyavarietyofstars.Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct,theintentionwastoputSparrowintheheartsofpotentialcustomers.解析:因为“Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct”，所以排除；C选项因“TheTVadsofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsongsperformedbyavarietyofstars.”所以得出正确答案B；A和D选项未涉及；75答案：B；关键句:Theseeffortspaidoff,andSparrowsoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfulfast-foodchainsintheregionswhereitoperated.解析:因“theireffortspaidoff”意为“他们的努力得到了回报”，而非偿清债务，所以排A；因为“Sparrowsoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfulfast-foodchainsintheregionswhereitoperated”所以正确答案是B；C选项和D选项未涉及。除选项长难句分析一、长难句的分类1、带有较多成分的简单句。如：Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines，thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance，mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。在这个有30多个词的简单句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式tobeused修饰的不仅是women’smagazine，而且还修饰televisionprogramsandstations.

exacttelevision同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语forinstance把主语和谓语分隔开了。2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如：Inthe1970shewasasurgeonatYale，hadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren，buthewasterriblyunhappy.在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。在第二个并列句中，即在had前面省略了andhe.Discrimination(歧视)isn’ttheironlyconcern；almosteveryonetestingpositivefortheHuntington’sgene(基因)developssymptoms(症状)duringmiddleage，anddoctorscandonothingtohelp.担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。三个分句均为简单句，分别用分号和and连接。3、含有多个从句的复合句。如：Ican’tliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearth’spopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewable(不能再生的)resources，ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长，由于我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。在possibility后由that引导的同位语从句中还含有一并列结构的时间状语从句：as…resources.However，thoseofuswhoareparentsofchildreninthisagegroupknowthatsuchoffersarerelativelyrareandthatmanyliberal-artsstudents(文科生)graduatewiththebeliefthattheprospective(预期的)workplacemaynothaveaplaceforthem.然而，我们这些有这个年龄段孩子的家长们都知道，这样的机会少得可怜；我们也知道，许多文科毕业生认为未来的就业市场没有他们的一席之地。本句的主谓语是：thoseofusknow。know有两个由that引导的宾语从句，其中第二个省略了know。在主句中还有一个定语从句修饰thoseofus，在第二个宾语从句中还有一个同位语从句修饰belief。4、含有多个插入成分的句子。如：

Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocently（无知地）enoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational，asoftwarecompany，hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.他在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。作为国际计算机联合公司这家软件公司的董事长，他当时还是第一次听说他的雇员们是多么快地就接受了他们公司的新的电子邮件系统。aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational是he的同位语，asoftwarecompany是ComputerAssociatesInternational的同位语，他们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。5、并列复合句。如：Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse，butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot，changewasunavoidable.我经历过好的变化，也经历过坏的变化，但是我从来没有怀疑过这样一个事实，即不管我喜欢与否，变化总是不可避免的。在but后的那个并列的分句中有一个同位语从句，其中还含有一个让步状语从句。Theyalsofoundthatthebusconductorhadamajorroleinpreventingvandalism（故意破坏行为），andatthetimeshewentupthestairstotheupperdecktocollectfares，vandalismdidnotoftenoccur.他们还发现公交车售票员在防止发生故意破坏方面发挥了重要的作用。当售票员到双层公交车的上层收费时，破坏行为就不常发生。在前一个并列分句中有一个宾语从句，在后一个并列的分句中有一个修饰times的定语从句，这个定语从句前省略了关系词that或when.二、长难句分析步骤1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。2、如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）。译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大，文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。3、如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。

4、如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。三、长难句分析的注意事项在分析句子成分时，还应特别注意下列几点：1、是否有同位语和插入语。2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。3、替代词的所指对象。4、判断并列成分的层次。5、句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。6、在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。8、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。练习：1.Canadahasvastareasofwilderness,fromtheArcticnorth,whereaveragewintertemperaturesareusuallyminus20degreescentigrade,tothe8,892-kilometre-longborderwiththeUSAtothesouth,whichisthelongestborderintheworldnotdefendedbyanarmyorthepolice.2.Montreal,aportintheprovinceofQuebec,isthesecondlargestcityinCanada,andalsothesecondlargestFrench-speakingcityintheworld,Parisbeingthelargest.3.Asamodern,dynamiccity,Montrealhasalivelynightscene,withmanyrestaurantsandclubs,aswellasculturalandstreetfestivalstoensurethatnovisitoriseverbored.4.Italsohassuperbscenery,abeautifulharbour,andallthecomfortsofmodern

lifeandinternationalcuisine,inadditiontobeingclosetosomeverypopularskiareas.5.Thewaterfalls,thelargestofwhichisshapedlikeasemicircle,are670metreswide,andfall56metresinanawesomewhitesheetofwater.6.Althoughonlyahandfulofpeoplebecamesuccessful,manystayedandbuiltsettlementsinthearea,andtherearenowmanymuseumsshowingwhatlifewaslikebackthen.7.Indeed,sittinginfrontofthetelevisionwatchi