宾语从句,间接引语

宾语从句宾语从句用法速记口诀：宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句用that;一般疑问句是否(if,whether)替；特殊疑问句更好办，引导词还用疑问词。二是词态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去词，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。(一)宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。结构：主语+谓语+宾语(陈述句语序)【注意：1〜引导词.that2〜语序v.+主+谓由if、whether引导宾语从句3〜时态：A.主句---现在时从句---任一时态】由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.在介词前：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.与ornot连用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.语法点：由if或whether引导的宾语从句词汇：if,whether,ask,wonder,know,…句型：...asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wantstoknow/wantedtoknowif/whether...前后桌同学之间开展采访活动，然后同桌交流采访结果。如：—Whodidyouinterview?—IinterviewedBill.—Whatdidyouaskhim?—Iaskedhimifhealwaysobeyedtheschoolrules.二)宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。即“主语在前，谓语在后”。例如Ihear(that)physicsisn'teasy.主句时态从 句 时 态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时/一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时客观真理和客观事实用一般现在时解析：1、主句为现在时，从句的时态可以为任何时态。2、主句为过去时，从句的时态为过去任何一种时态3、从句为客观真理，自然现象，永恒不变的规律，只用一般现在时。Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe'llhavethemeeting.宾语从句的时态如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Idon'tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.含宾语从句的反意问句带有宾语从句的复合句，在构成反意问句时，其简短问句的主语和动词一般和主句保持一致。但当主句的谓语动词是guess,think,suppose,believe,image等时，并且主句的主语人称是第一人称，即I或we时，其简短问句的主语要和从句中的主语保持一致，同时应注意否定的转移。Hesaidhedidn'tpasstheexam, ?Wedon'tthinkourteacherswillgoabroad, ?

（五）If,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别If和when引导宾语从句时，应紧跟在主句动词的后面，他们的意思分别是“是否”和“什么时候”。由他们引导的时态和主句的时态相呼应。If和when引导状语从句时，他们的意思分别是“如果，假如”和“当……••的时候”。由它们引导的状语从句即可以放在主句的前面也可以放在主句的后面。如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表将来。（ ）1.Iwanttoknowifthere asportsmeetinnextmonth.Ifthey it,Imustgetreadyforit.is;willholdB.willbe;holdC.willbe;willholdD.willhave;hold（ ）2.Hedoesn'ttellmewhenhe .I'lltelephoneyouwhenhe .A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;willcomeD.comes;comes（六）宾语从句的简化含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以转化为简单句，大多转化都是将宾语从句转化为不定式结构。1、 LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.—LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.2、 Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.—Wedecidedtohelphim.3、 CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?—Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation?4、 IhopethatIcanmakefriendswithyou.=Ihope withyou.5、 Hedidn'tknowwherehecouldfindhisgoldring.=Hedidn'tknow hisgoldring.注意：不省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；当宾语从句较长时；当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；当主语谓语动词（包括非谓语动词）与宾语从句之间有插入语时；当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略;当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.当that在从句中充当主语时―、典型例题YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme ?whereyoubuyit B.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtit D.wheredidyoubuyit—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme IcangettotheSpaceMuseum?

--Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.A.whereB.howC.ifD.why—Doyouknow thenewmobilephonelastweek?--Maybe900yuan.I'mnotquitesure.A.howmuchshepaidforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchdidshepayfor4.MichaelJordanhasfailedoverandoveragaininhislife.Andthat's hesucceeds.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.where5.AliceinWonderlandisafantasticmovie.It'sabout .howdidAliceendtheRedQueen'sreignofterror（恐怖统治）whatdidAliceendtheRedQueen'sreignofterrorhowAliceendedtheRedQueen'sreignofterrorwhatAliceendedtheRedQueen'sreignofterror—Doyouknow thegirlinredis?—I'mnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what—Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?--Theyalwaysletmedo IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.howD.whatIwanttoknow A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatA.whenweshouldarriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveat--Wouldyoupleasetellme ?--At10:00thisevening.whenshouldwearriveattheairportD.whentheairportshouldwearriveatA.whenwillthetrainleaveB.whenthetrainwillleave10.—Couldyoutellme ?A.whenwillthetrainleaveB.whenthetrainwillleave10.—Couldyoutellme ?--FillinthisformandIwillgiveyouacard.A.howIcanmeetCathyB.whereIcanmeetCathy11.—Doyouknow themanwithsunglassesis?-I'mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.who B.what C.whereC.whendoesthetrainleaveC.whenIcanmeetCathyD.how-Tommy,doyouknowifFrank tothezoothisSundayifit ?-Tommy,doyouknowifFrank tothezoothisSundayifit ?-Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfineB.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefineD.goes;willbefineNoonecanbesure inamillionyears.A.whatmanlookslike B.whatwillmanlooklikewhatmanlookedlikewhatmanwilllooklikewhatmanlookedlikewhatmanwilllooklikeSuetoldmethatshe shoppingwithhersisterthenextday.Suetoldmethatshe shoppingwithhersisterthenextday.A.willgoB.wouldgo C.goesD.hasgoneThenew-designedcarisonshownow.Iwonder .A.howmuchitcostB.howmuchdiditcostC.howmuchitcostsD.howmuchdoesitcostA.howmuchitcostB.howmuchdiditcostC.howmuchitcostsD.howmuchdoesitcost-Whendoyouthink ?-Abouthalfpastfive.Iwillpickhimupattheairport.A.hewillcomeB.willhecome C.didhecomeD.hecame-Whendoyouthink ?-Abouthalfpastfive.Iwillpickhimupattheairport.A.hewillcomeB.willhecome C.didhecomeD.hecameOurteachertoldusthesun intheeast.A.rise B.rose C.rising D.rises--Listen!Itisstillnoisyintheheadteacher'soffice.-Goandsee theyhavefinishedcorrectingthepapersyet.A.though B.whether C.unless D.while-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?-Sorry.Idon'tknow-Sorry.Idon'tknow_A.whendidhegoabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackB.whyheisgoingabroadD.howlonghewillstayabroad重点语法知识：间接引语引用，是一种修辞方法。引用可以一字不改地将别人的话加以引用或复数出来，这叫做直接引语(directspeech)；或用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语(indirectspeech)。一般地讲直接引语须放在引号内；间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。如：Hesaid,""Iamadoctor"".他说：“我是医生。”(引号内的内容是直接引语)Hesaidthathewasadoctor.他说他是医生。(句中的宾语从句是间接引语)直接引语变间接引语的一般规则1.时态变化直接引语变间接引语时，时态变化规则如下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时进去完成时进去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时■过去将来时情态动词can/maycould/might如：Thegirlsaid,""I'msorryforbeinglateforclass.厶Thegirlsaidthatshewassorryforbeinglateforclass.那姑娘说对不起她上课迟到了。Mymothersaidtome,""Yourclassmateiswaitingforyouinthesittingroom¥Mymothertoldmethatmyclassmatewaswaitingformeinthesittingroom.我母亲告诉我，我的同学正在客厅等我。Shesaid,""IhaveseenthefilmTitanic.'JShesaidthatshehadseenthefilmTitanic.她说她看过了电影《泰坦尼克号》。LiHuasaidtome,"Yourparentshavebeenlookingforyou."—LiHuatoldmethatmyparentshadbeenlookingforme.李华告诉我，我的父母正在找我。Hesaid,"Imadesomespellingmistakesyesterday."—Hesaidthathehadmadesomespellingmistakesthedaybefore.他说他前一天出了一些拼写错误。Thestudentsaid,"Ihadlearntabout5,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastyear.—Thestudentsaidthathehadlearntabout5,000Englishwordsbytheendoftheyearbefore那个学生说到去年年底他已经学了5，000个单词。Heaskedme,"Whatwereyoudoingatthattime?"—HeaskedmewhatIwasdoingatthattime.他问我那时我在干什么？Shesaid,"Iwillgotherethisafternoon."—Shesaid(that)shewouldgotherethatafternoon,她说她那天下午将去那里。人称变化人称变化要根据说话者、听者或第三者的相互关系，作出相应和变化。顺口溜：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新如：①Hesaidtome."Ihaveleftmybookinyourroom."—Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告诉我他把书落在我的房间了。②Theteachersaid,""I'mgladtobewithyou.—Theteachersaidthathewasgladtobewithus.老师说他很高兴和我们在一起。其它变化其它变化包括指示代词、时间和地点的词以及表示方向的动词变化。详见下表:直接引语 间接引语指示代词thisthat表示时间thesethosenowthentoday,tonightthatday,thatnighttomorrowthenext(following)daythisweek(month...)thatweek(month...)yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month...)theweek(month...)beforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforethedayaftertomorrowintwodays'timethreedaysago threedaysbeforenextweek(month...)thenext(following)week(month...)方向动词bringtakecomego表示地点herethere如：Hesaid,""Iwillcomehereagaintonight."—Hesaidthathewouldgothereagainthatnight.他说他今天晚上再去那儿。Shesaid,""Iarrivedyesterdaymorning.""—Shesaidthatshe(had)arrivedthemorningbefore.他说他昨天早晨到达的。各种句式的直接引语变间接引语。直接引语为陈述句。直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语用that引导的宾语从句。如：Tomsaid,""I'vereviewedmylessons.""—Tomsaidthathehadreviewedhislessons.汤姆说他已经复习了他的功课。主句中的"saytosb."常须改为""tellsb."如：Shesaidtome,""I'mstudyingJapanesethesedays."—Shetoldme(that)shewasstudyingJapanesethosedays.好告诉我好这几天正在学日语。直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语是一般问句时，间接引语用whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：Mr.Greenasked,"Areyoupreparingforit?""—Mr.Greenaskedwhether(if)wewerepreparingforit.格林先生问我们是否正在准备。如果问句是表示建议，可用动词suggest或advise加宾语从句或适当结构来完成。如："Shallwemeetatthetheatre?"hesaid—Hesuggestedthatweshouldmeetatthetheatre.(=Hesuggestedourmeetingatthetheatre.他建议我们在电影院见面。C.直接引语为特殊问句直接引语是特殊问句时，间接引语为原连接代词(副词)引导的宾语从句。如：Heasked,""whatsizedressdoyouwear?"—HeaskedwhatsizedressI(you)wore.他问我穿什么型号的。Heasked,""whichonedoyoulikebest?""—Heaskedwhichoneyou(I)likedbest.他问我最喜欢哪一个。直接引语为选择问句直接引语是选择问句时，间接引语为"whether...or"引导的宾语从句。如：Heaskedme,"WillyougoabroadorstayinBeijing2HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgoabroadorstayinBeijing.他问我是出国呢还是呆在北京。直接引语为反意问句直接引语是反意问句时，间接引语为whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：Heasked,"Youhavesucceeded,haven'tyou?"—Heaskedusifwehadsucceeded.他问我们是否已成功。直接引语为感叹句直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导的宾语从句，也可以用that引导的宾语从句，有时还可用其它适当的动词来转述。如："Howfastheruns!"hesaid,—Hesaidhowfastheran.(二Hesaidthatheranveryfast.)他说他跑得多么快。Shesaid,""HappyNewYear!"—ShewishedmeahappyNewYear.她祝愿我新年愉快。直接引语变间接引语练习题将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat never meat.“I'vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He methathe wallet.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat ithomewithher.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun intheeastand downint