2023年考研考博-考博英语-武汉理工大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英语-武汉理工大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析第1卷一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题TheAlzheimer’sAssociationandtheNationalAllianceforCaregivingestimatethatmenmakeupnearly40percentoffamilycareprovidersnow,upfrom19percentina1996studybytheAlzheimer’sAssociation.About17millionmenarecaringforanadult.Womenstillprovidethebulkoffamilycare,especiallyintimatetaskslikebathinganddressing.Manycomplainthattheirbrothersaretreatedlikeheroesjustforshowingup.Butwithsmallerfamiliesandmorewomenworkingfull-time,manymenhavenochoicebuttotakeonrolesthatwouldhavebeenalientotheirfathers.Oftentheyareovershadowedbytheirfemalecounterpartsandfacedwithemployers,friends,supportorganizationsandsometimesevenparentswhoviewcaregivingasanessentiallyfemalerole.Malecaregiversaremorelikelytosaytheyfeelunpreparedfortheroleandbecomesociallyisolated,andlesslikelytoaskforhelp.Isolationaffectswomenaswell,butmentendtohavefewerlifeline.“Theyarelesslikelytohavefriendsgoingthroughsimilarexperiences,anddependmoreontheirjobsfordailyhumancontact.”Dr.DonnaWagner,thedirectorofgerontologyatTowsonUniversityandoneofthefewresearcherswhohasstudiedsonsascaregivers,said.Inpastgenerations,menmighthavepointedtotheiraccomplishmentsasbreadwinnersorfathers.Now,somemensaytheyworryabouttheconflictbetweencaringfortheirparentsandtheseotherroles.Ina2003studyatthreeFortune500companies,Dr.DonnaWagnerfoundthatmenwerelesslikelytouseemployee-assistanceprogramsforcaregiversbecausetheyfeareditwouldbeheldagainstthem.“Eventhoughthecompanyhasendorsedtheprogram,yoursupervisorsmayhaveadifferentopinion,”Dr.Wagnersaid.MattKassin,51,workedforalargecompanywithverygenerousbenefits,andhisemployerhadbeenunderstanding.Buthewasreluctanttotalkabouthiscaregiversbecausehethought“itwouldbelookedatlike,whentheyhireamale,theyexpecthimtobe100percentfocused.”Andhedidn’twanttoappeartobesomeonewhohaddistractionsthatdetractedfromperformance.Formanymen,thenewrolemeansgivinguptheirself-imageasexperts,saidLouisColbert,directoroftheofficeofservicesfortheaginginDelawareCounty,Pa.,whohassharedcareofhis84-year-oldmotherwithhissiblingssinceherAlzheimer’smadeitnecessary.Onceayear,Mr.Colbertorganizesaget-togetherformalecaregivers.Theconcernstheyraise,hesaid,aredifferentfromthoseofwomeninsupportgroups.“Veryclearly,theysaidtheywantedtheirroleascaregiversvalidated,becauseinoursociety,asawhole,menascaregivershavebeeninvisible,”hesaid.1.WhatcanweknowaboutmenaccordingtotheAlzheimer’sAssociationandtheNationalAllianceforCaregiving?2.WhydomentendtofeelmorestressedandsociallyisolatedaccordingtoDonnaWagner?3.DonnaWagnersolutiontotheconflictbetweencaringforparentsandothersocialrolesisto______.4.WhywasMattKassinunwillingtotalkabouthiscaregivingwithhisemployer?5.WhatmightbetheconcernsofmalecaregiversaccordingtoLouisColbert?问题1选项A.Moremenplaytheleadingroleincaringforelderlyparents.B.Mencountontheirwivestotakecareoftheirparents.C.Menundertakeallfamilycareincludingwashingandcooking.D.Mentendtobeviewedasheroesfortheirparents.问题2选项A.Becausetheyfeeloverwhelmedbythepressurefromparents.B.Becausetheyfacethecompetitionfromtheirfemalecounterparts.C.Becausetheyfindfewpeopletotalkandsharetheirexperienceswith.D.Becausetheyarepsychologicallyunpreparedfortherole.问题3选项A.takeadvantageofemployee-assistanceprogramsB.makeadjustmentbothphysicallyandemotionallyC.scheduletimeforparents,childrenandjobD.involveintheoutsideworldasmuchaspossible问题4选项A.Becausethecompanydidnotprovidesuchsupportprograms.B.Becausehewasthreatenedtobeattheriskoflosinghisjob.C.Becausehefeltembarrassedtosendparentstonursinghomes.D.Becausehefeareditwouldleadtoadistractedimageinthemindofhisboss.问题5选项A.Theyarelackofprofessionalknowledgeandskills.B.Theyfeelitinappropriateforthemtodothejob.C.Theirroleofcaregiversisnotacknowledged.D.Theyfeelwhattheydoisnotenough.2.单选题Onelessonofthefinancialcrisisisthis:whentheentirefinancialsystemsuccumbstopanic,onlythegovernmentispowerfulenoughtopreventacompletecollapse.Panicssignifythetriumphoffear.TroubledAssetsRelieveProgram(TARP)waspartoftheprocessbywhichfearwasovercome.Itwasn’ttheonlypart,butitwasanessentialpart.WithoutTARP,we’dbeworseofftoday.Noonecansaywhetherunemploymentwouldbe11%or14%;itcertainlywouldn’tbe8.9%.ThatbenefitedallAmericans.TARP,saysDouglasElliottoftheBrookingsInstitution,“isthebestlargefederalprogramtobedespisedbythepublic.”Thesourceofoutrageisnosecret.Bankersareblamedforthecrisisandreviled.Thebankbailout-TARP’sfirstandmostimportantpurpose-wasunpopular.MostAmericans,saysElliott,“believethattaxpayersspent$700billionandgotnothinginreturn.”Whatthisignoresisthatanalternativebeingpromotedatthetimewaswidespreadnationalizationofbanks.Thecostwouldhavebeenmanytimeshigher;thepracticalproblemswouldhavebeenenormous.Asitwas,TARPinvested$245billioninbanks.Theextracapitalhelpedrestoretrust.Meanwhile,theFederalReserveincreaseditslending;theFederalDepositInsuranceCorp,guaranteed$350billionofbankborrowings.Banksresumeddealingwitheachotherbecausetheyregainedconfidencethatcommitmentswouldbehonored.Ofthe$245billioninvestedinbanks,theTreasuryhasalreadyrecoveredabout$244billion,includinginterestpayments,dividends,andcashfromsoldbankstockwarrants.Sothebankrescuehasroughlybrokeneven.WhenTARP’Sremainingbankinvestmentsareclosed,theTreasuryexpectsanoverallprofitofabout$20billion.AlmostallofTARP’Sactivitieshavebeendistasteful.ThiswassurelytrueoftherescueofGeneralMotorsandChrysler.Buttheautomakers5collapsewouldclearlyhaveworsenedalreadygloomyunemployment.Didwereallywantthesecompaniestoshutdown,withsomeplantssoldtoforeignautomakers?WeneedtorememberthatTARPwasadesperateprogramfordesperatetimes.Butsomecriticismsarebroadgeneralitiesthat,oninspection,arehighlysuspect.OnecommonassertionisthatTARPwillencouragemorerecklessrisk-takingbecausebigfinancialfirmsknowthey’llbebailedoutiftheirgamblesbackfire.Bankerskeepprofitsbutareprotectedagainstlosses,whichareassumedbythepublic.Thisisaseriousissue,butTARPSlegacyisactuallytheopposite.Duringthecrisis,investorsinbanksandfinancialinstitutionssufferedhugelosses.Itwasn’tpredictablewhichinstitutionswouldsurviveandwhichwouldn’t-oronwhatterms.Thesamewouldbetrueinthefuture.Indeed,TARP’Sextremeunpopularitycompoundsuncertainty,becauseitsuggeststhatpoliticianswillrecoilfrommorebailouts.Themoralhazardismoreimaginedthanreal.1.WhatdowelearnaboutTARPfromthefirstparagraph?2.TheprimarypurposeoflaunchingTARPisto______.3.WhatdidTARP’s$245billioninvestmentinbanksbringabout?4.What’stheauthorsattitudetowardstherescueofGeneralMotorsandChrysler?5.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“TARP’sextremeunpopularitycompoundsuncertainty”inthelastparagraph?问题1选项A.Itplayedanimportantroleincombatingfearinthefinancialcrisis.B.Itwasconsideredasthelastresortusedbythefederalgovernment.C.Itmademorepeoplelosetheirjobsandmorefirmsgobankrupt.D.ItcausedgreatpanicandconfusionamongtheUScitizens.问题2选项A.easetheemploymentpressureB.helpbankssurvivethecrisisC.improvepeople’slivingstandardsD.removetaxpayer’sanxiety问题3选项A.Numerouspracticalproblemsremainedunsolved.B.Thegovernmentsufferedasevereeconomicloss.C.Morethoughtlessrisk-takingappearedinfinancialfirms.D.Banksgottrustagainandbegantotakeonanewlook.问题4选项A.IndifferentB.DoubtfulC.SupportiveD.Concerned问题5选项A.TARPwon’teffectivelysolvethemajorproblemfacedbyUSeconomy.B.Politician’sdecisiononbailoutsmaybesubjecttopublicopinions.C.It’llbefairlyeasytopredictwhichbankwouldsurvivewithTARP.D.Thelackofthefederalbailoutprogramwillleadtomorelosses.3.单选题Allovertheworld,yourchancesofsuccessinschoolandlifedependmoreonyourfamilycircumstancesthanonanyotherfactor.Byagethree,kidswithprofessionalparentsarealreadyafullyearaheadoftheirpoorerpeers.Theyknowtwiceasmanywordsasmanywordsandscore40pointshigheronIQtests.Byage10,thegapisthreeyears.Bythen,somepoorchildrenhavenotmasteredbasicreadingandmathskills,andmanyneverwill:hisistheageatwhichfailurestartstobecomeirreversible.Afewschoolsystemsseemtohavefiguredouthowtoerasethesegaps.Finlandensuresthateverychildcompletesbasiceducationandmeetsarigorousstandard.OneFinnishdistrictofficial,askedaboutthenumberofchildrenwhodon’tcompleteschoolinhercity,replied,”Icantellyoutheirnamesifyouwant.“IntheUnitedStates,KIPPcharterschoolsenrollstudentsfromthepoorestfamiliesandensurethatmostalmosteveryoneofthemgraduateshighschool—80percentmakeittocollege.Singaporenarroweditsachievementgapamongethnicminoritiesfrom17percentto5percentover20years.Thesesuccessstoriesofferlessonsfortherestofus.First,getchildrenintoschoolearly.High-qualitypre-schoolingdoesmoreforachild’schancesinschoolandlifethananyothereducationalintervention.Onestudy,whichbeganinthe1960s,trackedtwogroupsofstudentsfromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.Someweregiventheopportunitytoattendahigh-qualitypre-school;otherswerenot.Thirty-fiveyearslater,thekidswhowenttopre-schoolearnedmore,hadbetterjobs,andwerelesslikelytohavebeeninprisonordivorced.Second,recognizethattheaveragekidspendsabouthalfhiswakinghoursupuntiltheageof18outsideofschool—don’tignorethattime.KIPPstudentsspend60percentmoretimeinschoolthantheaverageAmericanstudents.Theyarriveearlier,leavelater,attendmoreregularly,andevengotoschooleveryotherSaturday.Similarly,in1996,Chileextendeditsschooldaytoaddtheequivalentofmorethantwomoreyearsofschooling.Third,pourlotsofefforttotrainteachers.StudiesintheUnitedStateshaveshownthatkidswiththemosteffectiveteacherslearnthreetimesasmuchasthosewiththeleasteffective.SystemssuchasSingapore’sarechoosyaboutrecruiting;theyinvestintrainingandcontinuingeducation;theyevaluateteachersregularly,andtheyawardbonusesonlytothetopperformers.Finally,recognizethevalueofindividualizedattention.InFinland,kidswhostarttostrugglereceiveone-to-onesupportfromtheirteachers.RoughlyoneinthreeFinnishstudentsalsogetsextrahelpfromatutoreachyear.Ifwecanlearnthelessonofwhatworks,wecanbuildonit.1.WhatcanweinferfromtheFinnishdistrictofficial’sreplyinParagraph2?2.Whyisitimportantforkidstoattendahigh-qualitypre-school?WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?3.Themostimportanteducationalfactorforachildtoachievesuccessinschoolandlifeisto______.4.WhydoesSingaporelaysomuchemphasisontheroleofteachers?5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?问题1选项A.Sheexpressesadesiretoshowoffhergoodmemory.B.Sheiswillingtooffertheinformationatanytime.C.Herjobrequireshertorememberallthestudents’names.D.ThebasiceducationispaidmuchattentiontoinFinland.问题2选项A.Kidscanlearnbetterandmore.B.Kidstendtobepsychologicallyhealthywhentheygrowup.C.Kidscanhaveabrighterfuture.D.Whentheygrowup,thekidswishtoearnmoremoney.问题3选项A.receiveagoodandearlypre-schoolingB.prolonghisorherlearningtimeinschoolC.getinstructionfrommoreexcellentteachersD.getperson-to-personhelpfromtheteachers问题4选项A.Kidslikeseriousteachers.B.Kidscanhavebetterchancestolearnmoreandbetter.C.Goodteacherscancreateahappyandrelaxedenvironment.D.Kidswanttokeepagoodrelationshipwithteachers.问题5选项A.Theimportanceoffamilyeconomicconditionstokids’successinstudyandlife.B.Theachievementgapbetweenchildrenfromwealthyfamiliesandpoorerones.C.Somecountrieshaveachievedsuccessinerasingthegapbetweenchildrencompletely.D.Howtonarrowtheachievementgapbetweenkidsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds.4.翻译题巩固和加强同广大发展中国家的团结与合作，始终是中国外交的基本立足点，也是中国全方位对外合作的重要组成部分。历史证明，只要我们从长远考虑，妥善处理彼此的分歧，我们就能在国际经济、贸易、金融、环境等重大问题上发出一致声音，提高我们的影响力，维护我们的共同利益。近年来，中国对与其他发展中国家合作的投入不断增加，合作的形式日益丰富。虽然中国本身受到金融危机的严峻影响，中国仍将在力所能及的范围内继续向其他发展中国家提供援助。中国领导人相继提出了同发展中国家加强合作、实现共同发展的重大举措。作为人口众多的发展中国家，中国面临加快自身发展的问题。中国将始终不渝地奉行互利共赢的开放战略，与广大发展中国家一道，为推动建设一个更加和谐、繁荣的世界做出贡献。5.翻译题Sincethedawnofhumanity,theskyandstarshavestimulatedourimaginationandcuriosity.(1)Asourunderstandingaboutouterspaceincreases.sodoesourpassionanddrivetoexplorebeyondthereachesofourownplanetandtoutilizespacetounderstandourownplanet.Justascommunicationssatelliteshaveemergedasanimportantpartofourtelecommunicationnetworks,ourdailylivesareenhancedgreatlybyservicessuchasweatherforecasting,GPS,satelliteimagery,andotherapplications.Justahalf-centuryafterthelaunchoftheSputnik,spaceinfrastructurehasbecomecentraltothewaywelive,workandplay.Thebudgetandrevenueofspaceactivitiesreached257billiondollarsin2008.(2)Moreandmorecountriesarepayingattentiontospaceandjoininginthespaceendeavor.Ithasbeenthehottopicforusallonhowtodevelopspacetechnologyinanefficientandsustainablefashionandhowtofurthertheglobalcooperationonspacedevelopment.Ithasbeen50splendidyearssinceChinaembarkedontheroadtodevelopitsspaceindustry,startingin1956.Forhalfacentury,Chinahasworkedindependentlyinthisfield.(3)Chinahasmadeeye-catchingachievements,andranksamongtheworld’smostadvancedcountriesinsomeimportantfieldsofspacetechnology.Chinaisunflinchingintakingtheroadofpeacefuldevelopment,andalwaysmaintainsthatouterspaceisthecommonwealthofmankind.Whilesupportingallactivitiesthatutilizeouterspaceforpeacefulpurposes,Chinaactivelyexploresandusesouterspaceandistryingtomakenewcontributionstothedevelopmentofman’sspaceprograms.China’sspaceprogramattachesgreatimportancetobetterservingtheneedsofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,throughactivitiesconcerningspacesystems,spacetechnologyapplicationsandspaceservices.China’sspaceenterprisesarefulfillingtheirsocialresponsibilityandprovidingcontinuoustechnicalsupporttosuchfieldsofthenationaleconomyassatellitecommunications,disastermonitoring,earthquakerescueandrelief,meteorologicalandoceanmonitoring,landsurvey,forestryandagriculture.Takingadvantageofcreativityandadvancedtechnologies,China’sspaceindustryisdevelopingITproducts,newenergy,newmaterials,environmentalprotectiontechnologiesandmodernindustrialequipment.(4)Usingspacetechnology.Chinaupgradesconventionalindustriesandrealizestheeffectiveintegrationoflowresourceandenergyconsumption,low-emissionandhigheconomyefficiencywhichisconductivetobuildingaresource-saving,environment-friendlyandharmonious-developingsociety.Chinahaslongbeenactiveininternationalspacecooperation.Chinesespacetechnologyhasalsobenefitedpeopleofothercountriesthroughsharingandfreedistributionofsatellitedataandcommercialcooperation.Aseveryoneknows,highinputandhighriskarefeaturesofspaceprograms.(5)Facingtheglobaleconomicrecession,thespacecommunityisundermorepressurethanbefore.Enhancingexchangeandcooperationmightbethebestwaytoawin-winsituation.GlobalSpaceDevelopmentSummitoffersatop-levelforumforpeoplefromgovernments,researchinstitutes,companiesandrelevantagenciestoexchangetheirviewsatpolicyandacademiclevels,thusimprovingmutualunderstandingandcreatingafavorableatmosphereforinternationalspacecooperation.6.单选题Threehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthorletter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphletsandnewsletters.“Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareveryroomyforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasierrateallmannerofprintednews,”notedoneobserver.Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper,TheNewYorkSun,pioneeredtheuseofadvertisingtoreducethecostofnews,thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience.Thepennypress,followedbyradioandtelevision,turnednewsfromatwo-wayconversationintoaone-waybroadcast,witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia.Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.Theinternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,socialanddiverse,revivingthediscursiveethosoftheerabeforethemassmedia.Thatwillhaveprofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics.Inmuchoftheworld,themassmediaareflourishing.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.Butthoseglobalfiguresmaskasharpdeclineinreadershipinrichcountries.Overthepastdecade,throughouttheWesternworld,peoplehavebeengivingupnewspapersandTVnewsandkeepingupwitheventsinprofoundlydifferentways.Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling,sharing,filtering,discussinganddistributingnews.Twitterletspeopleanywherereportwhattheyareseeing.Classifieddocumentsarepublishedtheirthousandsonline,MobilephonefootageofArabuprisingsandAmericantornadoesispostedonsocial-networkingsitesandshownontelevisionnewscasts.Social-networkingsiteshelppeoplefind,discussandsharenewswiththeirfriends.Anditisnotjustreaderswhoarechallengingthemediaelite.TechnologyfirmsincludingGoogle,FacebookandTwitterhavebecomeimportantmeansofnews.Celebritiesandworldleaderspublishupdatesdirectlyviasocialnetworks;manycountriesnowmakerawdataavailablethrough“opengovernment”initiatives.Theinternetletspeoplereadnewspapersorwatchtelevisionchannelsfromaroundtheworld.Thewebhasallowednewprovidersofnews,fromindividualbloggerstosites,torisetoprominenceinaveryshortspaceoftime.Andithasmadepossibleentirelynewapproachestojournalism,suchasthatpracticedbyWikileaks,whichprovidesananonymouswayforwhistleblowerstopublishdocuments.Thenewsagendaisnolongercontrolledbyafewpressbaronsandstateoutlets.Inprinciple,everyliberalshouldcelebratethis.Amoreparticipatoryandsocialnewsenvironment,witharemarkablediversityandrangeofnewssources,isagoodthing.Thetransformationofthenewsbusinessisunstoppable,andattemptstoreverseitaredoomedtofailure.Asproducersofnewjournalism,individualscanbescrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources.Asconsumers,theycanbegeneralintheirtastesanddemandingintheirstandards.Andalthoughthistransformationdoesraiseconcerns,thereismuchtocelebrateinthenoisy,diverse,vociferous,argumentativeandstridentlyaliveenvironmentofthenewsbusinessintheagesoftheinternet.Thecoffeehouseisback.Enjoyit.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatinitiatedthetransformationofcoffee-housenewstomass-medianews?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsupports“Now,thenewindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse”?3.Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTaroleplayedbyinformationtechnology?4.Theauthor’stoneinthelastparagraphtowardsnewjournalismis¬______.5.In“Thecoffeehouseisback”,coffeehousebestsymbolize¬______.问题1选项A.Theemergenceofbigmassmediafirms.B.Thepopularityofradioandtelevision.C.Theappearanceofadvertisinginnewspapers.D.Theincreasingnumberofnewspaperreaders.问题2选项A.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.B.PeopleintheWesternworldaregivingupnewspapersandTVnews.C.Classifieddocumentsarepublishedintheirthousandsonline.D.Morepeopleareinvolvedinfinding,discussinganddistributingnews.问题3选项A.Challengingthetraditionalmedia.B.Planningthereturntocoffee-housenews.C.Providingpeoplewithaccesstoclassifiedfiles.D.Givingordinarypeoplethechancetoprovidenews.问题4选项A.optimisticandcautiousB.supportiveandskepticalC.doubtfulandreservedD.ambiguousandcautious问题5选项A.thechangingcharacteristicsofnewsaudienceB.themorediversifiedmeansofnewsdistributionC.theparticipatorynatureofnewsD.themorevariedsourcesofnews7.单选题Agenerationofe-mailing,followedbyanexplosionintexting,haspushedthetelephoneconversationintoseriousdecline,creatingnewtensionsbetweenbabyboomersandmillennial-thoseintheirteens,20sandearly30s.Nearlyallagegroupsarespendinglesstimetalkingonthephone;boomersintheirmid-5Osandearly60saretheonlyonesstillyakkingastheydidwhenMaBellwasAmerica’scommunicationsqueen.Butthefallofthecallisdrivenby18-to-34-year-olds,whoseaveragemonthlyvoiceminuteshaveplungedfromabout1,200to900inthepasttwoyears,accordingtotheresearchbyNielsen.Textingamong18-to-24-year-oldshasmorethandoubledinthesameperiod,fromanaverageof600messagesamonthtwoyearsagotomorethan1,400textsamonth,accordingtoNielsen.Youngpeoplesaytheyavoidvoicecallsbecausetheimmediacyofaphonecallstripsthemofthecontrolthattheyhaveoverthearguablyless-intimatepleasuresoftexting,e-mailing,orFacebooking.Theyevencomplainthatphonecallsarebytheirnatureimpolite,moreofaninterruptionthantheblipofanarrivingtext.Thebias,againstunexpectedphonecallsstemsingoodpartfromthewaytextingande-mailhaveconditionedyoungpeopletobecautiousabouthowtheycommunicatewhentheyarenotfacetoface,experts,say.DeborahTannen,alinguisticsprofessoratGeorgetownUniversitywhostudieshowpeopleconverseineverydaylife,saidoldergenerationsmisinterpretthewayyoungerpeopleusetheircellphones.“Onestudenttoldmethatittakesherdaystocallherparentsbackandtheparentsthoughtshewasintentionallyputtingthemoff.”shesaid.“Buttheparentsdidn’tgetit.It’sthemedium.”Thedifferenceincommunicationspreferenceshascreatedapalpableperceptiongapbetweenyoungadultsandtheirparents.JaneBeard,whocoachesbusinessleadersonpublicspeaking,saidthatwhenherniece,LindsaySpencer,20,“isinclassesattheUniversityofMaryland,I’llneverhearfromheruntilshecomesovertodothelaundry.Wetextmultipletimesaday.”ButBeardisunderstandingaboutthechangeinwaysofconversing.Notallparentsarequitethatopentonewways.“Mymomgetsoffended,”saidMuggagaKintu,32,anadministrativeassistantatWalterReedArmyMedicalCenterwhopreferstextingorcallingonhisowntimewhenhe’snotaroundpatients.“ShethinksIdon’twanttohearfromher,andthat’snotthecase.OnedayshecalledmewhenIwasatwork,andItoldher,‘Insteadofcallingme,canyoutextme?’‘What?Youdon’tliketohearfromme?Youdon’tlikethesoundofmyvoice?’Shesaid.”1.WhodrivesthedeclineoftelephoneconversationaccordingtotheresearchbyNielsen?2.Whydotheyoungpeopleavoidphonecalls?3.Whatdoexpertssayaboutyoungpeople’sbiasagainstunexpectedphonecalls?4.AccordingtoDeborahTannen,theoldergenerationsshouldrecognizethat______.5.WhatcanweconcludebasedontheexperiencesofJaneBeardandMuggagaKintu?A.Thelesspopularityofphonecallsshouldarousetheyoung’sconcern.B.Liveshavechangedfundamentallyduetothechangeofcommunication.C.Answeringaphonecallcausesgreatpressureontheyoung.D.Perceptiongapemergesduetodifferentcommunicationpreferences.

问题1选项A.Babyboomers.B.Millennials.C.18-to-34-year-olds.D.18-to-24-year-olds.问题2选项A.Theyfeeltheyaredeprivedofcontrol.B.Theyfeelnotintimateenoughtohavephonecalls.C.Theywanttomakeshorterconversations.D.Theyfallvictimtotheneglectofphonecalls.问题3选项A.Itisbecausetheyareafraidthattheymaybeseenasrudeorintrusive.B.Itrootsinthewaythate-mailsandtextsenablethemtomakemorecarefulresponses.C.Theytendtomakeanappointmentbytextingbeforetheycall.D.Theybecomelessaddictedtoface-to-facecommunication.问题4选项A.theirchildrenarejusttoobusytoreplyB.it’sthemediumthatmakesdifferenceC.childrencomplainaboutthefrequentcallsD.theyareintrudingtheirchildren’slives问题5选项A.theirchildrenarejusttoobusytoreplyB.it’sthemediumthatmakesdifferenceC.childrencomplainaboutthefrequentcallsD.theyareintrudingtheirchildren’slives8.单选题Afast-foodrestaurantwithinabout500feetofaschoolmayleadtoatleasta5percentincreaseintheoverweightrateatthatschool.Thestudy,conductedbyeconomistsatColumbiaUniversityandtheUniversityCalifornia,Berkeley,suggeststhat“abanonfastfoodsintheimmediateproximityofschoolscouldhaveasizableeffectonobesityratesamongaffectedstudents.”Theresearcherslookedathowproximitytotherestaurantsaffectedobesityratesamong3millionninthgradersatCaliforniaschools,andmorethan1millionpregnantwomeninMichigan,NewJerseyandTexas.Theyfocusedontheninthgraders,typicallyabout14yearsold,inpartbecausethestudentsgetafitnesstestinthespring—about30weeksafterstartingschoolandexposuretofastfood.Thestudy,releasedbytheAmericanAssociationofWineEconomists,showedthat“thepresenceofafast-foodrestaurantwithinatenthofamileofaschoolisassociatedwithatleasta5.2percentincreaseintheobesityrateinthatschool.”Italsofoundthatpregnantwomenwholivedwithinatenthofamileofafast-foodrestauranthad“a4.4percentincreaseintheprobabilityofgainingover20kilos(44pounds).”ThestudyfollowsonepresentedlastmonthatanAmericanStrokeAssociationconference.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganfoundpeoplewholiveinneighborhoodspackedwithfast-foodrestaurantsaremorelikelytos