小学英语知识点大全(语法-句型-词汇)

第一部分语法知识（类）一.(一名单复数一情况，直接-s，：bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds以sh.尾，加，：box-boxes,brush-brushes,以辅音字+y结，变y为i,再-es，：family-families,strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe结，变f或fe为v,再加，如knife-knives不则名词复数：man-men,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice，child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型：juice,water,milk,rice,tea(二名的格(1)有命的东西的名词所有格：a)单后加’s如Lucyrulermyfathershirtb)以s结尾的复数名词后加’如hisfriends’bagsc)不s结的复数后加’schildren’sshoesd)并名词中，如果把’s加最后一个名词后，表示共如Tom’scar汤和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后’s’sandMikecars汤和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表无生命东西的名词通常“of名词来示所有关系：如apictureoftheclassroomaof二.种：(1)不冠词a/aunit/anuncle元音开头的可数名词前用an:anapple/anorange/eraser/ananswer/ancard/alarmclock/anactor/anactresse-mail/anaddress/aneventexampleopera/houranoldman/aninterestingbook/anexcitingsport/anactionartlesson/(2)定词theeggplane用法定冠词的用法：(1)特(些人某些物Therulerisonthedesk.(2)复上文提到的人或物Hehasasweater.Thesweater(3)谈双方都知道的人或物：aren’tatschool.(4)在数词前：John’sbirthdayisFebruarythesecond.(5)用固定词组中：inthemorning/afternoonevening不用冠词的情况：(1)专名词前：isabigcountry.

(2)名前有定语：this,that,,your,some,,等：Thisismybaseball.(3)复名词表示一类人和事：’tswim.areteachers.(4)在日，日期，月份，季节前TodayisChristmasDay.It’sSunday.(5)一三餐前：havebreakfastat6:30.(6)球棋类动前：TheyoftenplayfootballafterHeplayschessathome(7)学名称前：favoritesubjectismusic.(8)在呼或头衔的名词前Thisis(9)固词组中：atnightby代：人称代词（主格，宾格主词第一人称单数I(我me我)复数

we(我us我的第二人称单数you(youyour(你)复数

you(你)你的第三人称单数他himhis(she(herher(她的it(它)复数they(他们她们它们themtheir(他们的她的它们)形词，副词：比较级，最高级(一形词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词。较级前面可以用more,a来饰表示程度than后的人称代词用主格口中可用宾格形词加er的则：⑴一在词尾加;⑵以母e结尾，加⑶以个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加r;⑷以辅字+”结，先把变，再加er。不则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful(二副的比较级形词与副词的区别有be用形，有形用有动用副，有副用动⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后副比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级(不则变化well-better,far-farther)(1)1-20onesevenfifteen，sixteen，seventeen，，，twenty(2)21-99先说几十，说几，间加连字符。

→twenty，34-four，→fortyfive，56→fifty，67→sixty，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty，→ninety-one—999先说“几，再加，再加末两位数或末位;→fiveand-six，→eighthundredthree(4)l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一”，一“”前为thousand.第个”前为million，三“”前为billion1，001→onethousandone18，thousand，hundredandtwenty-three6260，milliontwohundredandsixtythousandthreehundredandnine，，000，000→sevenandfiftybillion序数词(1)一在基数词后加theg.four→fourth，(2)不则变化one→firsttwo→secondthree→thirdnine→ninthtwelfth(3)以结的十位整数，变y为再加thtwenty→twentieth，，ninety→ninetieth从二十一后的几十几”直几几十几或几几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first，hundredandforty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母八去九e,要替ty将y变，前面有个若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。：at,等1.at表时间概念的某一个点(在时刻、时间、阶段)。at：00(dawn，，noon)一点黎明、午夜、中)2.on1)示具体日期。注：关在周末的种表示法：at(on)theweekend在末--特at(on)weekends在末--泛overweekend在个周末duringtheweekend在周末期间2)刚的候Onreachingcitycalledhisparents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3.in表示时'、时期，多数情况下可以和during互，前者强调对比，后者强持续。in(during)1988(December，20thcentury)在一九八八十月、二十世)

(1)一现在时：动：主+are)+其。如：amaboy.我是一男孩。行动词：主语行动其它。如Westudy我学习英语。当主语为第三人称单(he,she,时要在动词后'-s'或。：likesChinese.玛喜欢汉语。动词s的化规则一情况下，直接加s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks以sh.ch.结，加，如guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes以辅音字+y结，变y为i,再-es，：study-studies(2)一过去时动词过去式详解动词过去式构成规则有：A、规则动词①一般直接在动词的后面加ed如worked,learned,cleaned,visited②以e结的动词直接加d如liveddanced,③以辅音字母加结的动词要改y为i再ed(此类动词较如study–studiedcarry–carried–worried注play、不是辅音字母加所以不属于此类④双写最后一个字母此动词较少stoppedB、规则动(此词并无规则，须熟)小阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式sing–sangeat–ate,seesaw–had,–did,gowent,–took,buybought,–read–read,fly–flewam/is–was,areweresay–,leave–left,swim–swam,–,–drewcome–came,lose–lost,find–found,drink–drank,hurt,–(3)一将来时：基本结构：①begoing+do;②will+do.begoing=Iamgoingtoswimming明天.Iwillgo(4)现进行时am,is,are+词现在分词动词现在分词详解动的ing形的构成规则：①一般的直接在后面加上,如,goingworking,singingeating②以e结的动词，要先去再ing，,writing③双写最后一个字母此动词极：,swimming,sitting,getting

第二部分句法陈句(1)肯句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子如student.Shedoctor.Heworksinahospital.Therearefansourclassroom.Heeatlunchat12:00.IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.(2)、定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词句子，如notastudent.Sheis(isn’t)adoctor.Henot(doesnahospital.arenot(aren’t)fourfansinclassroom.Hewillnot(wonlunchat12:00.didnot(didnyesterdayevening.疑句一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须“yes，或no来答。特殊疑问句殊疑问(what,where,who,,when,whose,why,等开引的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能“yes、”来回答。3.Therebe句There句与have,的别1There句表示：在某地有某或2、在be句型中，主语是单数be动用;主是复数be动用are;如几件物品，动词根据最近动的那个名词决定。3therebe句的否定句在动词后加not,一疑问句把be动调到句首。4therebe句型与have(has)的别therebe表在某地有某(或;have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5和在therebe句中的运用用肯定句，any用否定句或疑问句。6and和or在therebe句中的运用and用于肯定句，用否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名复+there+介短?Howmuch+不数名词+isthere+介短8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：’s+介短?

第三部分词汇1、学习用品（school）pen/pen/钢pencil/'pensl/铅pencil-case/'penslkeis/铅盒ruler/'ru:lə/尺book/buk/书bag/bæg/包postcardəust:d/明片newspaper/'nju:z,peip/报schoolbag书eraserə/橡皮crayon/ən/蜡笔sharpener/ʃɑənə/卷笔刀story-book/ɔ故事书notebook/utbuk笔本Chinese/ʃai'ni:z/语文书English/'iŋgli/英书mathsbook/θs/数学书magazine/,mægə'zi:n杂newspaper/ə/报dictionary/ʃəneri/词典2、身体部位（body）footfut/脚head/头face/feis/脸hair/ɛ/头发noseə鼻mouth/mauθ嘴eyeai/眼ear/ə/耳arm/ɑ手臂hand/hænd/手finger/'fiŋgə/手leg/leg/腿tailteil/尾巴3、颜色（）red/red/红blue/blu:/蓝yellow/'jel黄green/gri:n/绿white/wait/白black/blæk/黑

pink/pi粉purple/'pə紫orangeɔ:rind/橙brown/braun/棕4、动物（animals）cat/kæt/猫dog/dɔg/狗pig/pig/猪duck/dʌk/鸭rabbit兔子horseɔ:s/马elephant/'elifənt/大象ant蚂fish/鱼birdə:d/鸟snake/sneik/蛇mouse/maus/鼠kangaroo/,kæ'ru:/袋鼠monkeyʌŋki/猴子panda/'pændə/熊bear熊lion/'laiən/狮tigerə/老foxks/狐狸zebraə/斑马deer/diə/鹿giraffeʒi'rɑ长鹿goose/gu:s/鹅hen/hen/母turkeyə:ki/火鸡lamb/læm/小羊sheepʃi:p/绵goatəut/山cow/kau/奶shark/'ɑ鲨鱼seal/si:l/海5人物people）friend/frend/朋boyɔ/男girl女motherʌə/母亲fatherɑ:ðə/父sisterə/姐brotherʌə/兄

uncle/'ʌŋkl/叔/mæn/男'wumən/女人先生Miss小lady/'leidi/女mom/m妈dad爸parentsɛəənts/父母grandma:/grandmotherʌðə（外）祖母grandpa/'grændpɑgrandfatherɑ:ðə（外）祖父auntɑ阿cousin/'kzn/堂兄妹sonʌn/儿baby/'beibi/婴儿kid/kid/孩classmate/'klɑ同学queen/'kwi:n/女visitor/'vizit/参观者neighbour/'neibə/邻居principaləə/校penpal/penpæl笔友tourist/'tu:rist/旅行者people/'pi:pl人物robotət/机器人六、职（）teacherʃ/教studentə学doctorə医nurse:s/护driver/'draivə/司farmer:m/农singer/'si/歌唱家writerə/作家artistɑ:tist画actor/'æktə男演员actress/'æktris/女员TVreporter/ri'p/电视台记者engineer/,endə/工师policeman/ə'li:smən（男）警察salespersonə:sn/销员cleanerə/清洁工baseballɔ:l'plei棒运动员assistant/ə'sistnt/售货员6、食品（food）breakfastst早餐

lunch/lʌʃ/中餐dinner/'din/晚egg/eg/鸡rice米cake/keik/蛋bread/bred/面包jam/dʒæm/果biscuit/'biskit/饼干sausage:sidʒ香肠sandwich/'sændwit/三明治dumplings/'dʌmpliŋ/饺子Frenchfriesfraiz/薯条meat/mi:t/肉chickenʃikin/鸡muttonʌtn/羊肉beef/bi:f/牛pork:k/猪fish/鱼hamburger/'hæmbə:g/汉hotɔg/热狗noodles/'nu:dl/面soup/su:p/汤salad/'sælə沙milk/milk/牛waterə/水ice-cream/aiskri:m/冰淋colaəul/可乐juice/dʒ果汁tea/ti:/茶coffee咖啡fruit/fru:t/水apple苹banana/ə:nə/香蕉pearə/梨orangeɔ:rindʒ/橙watermelonɔə,meln/西grape/greip葡萄cherry/'teri/樱桃lemon/'lemn柠mango/ŋgu/果uknt椰子peach/pi:t/桃strawberry/ɔ:bə草莓vegetableʒəbl/蔬

eggplantɑ/茄子greenbeansgri:nbi:ns/青豆tomatoə'meitu/西红柿potato/əu/土cucumber/əmb/黄onionʌə洋peapi:/豌豆carrot/ət/胡卜cabbageʒ/卷心菜pumpkin/'pʌmpkin南瓜sweetpotato/swi:təəu/红薯7、服clothes）jacketʒ夹衫shirtʃ:t/衬衫T-shirtT衫skirtə短裙子dress/dres/连衣裙jeansʒ牛仔裤pants/pænts//trousersəz/裤socksks/袜子shoesʃu:z/鞋子sweaterə/毛衣coatəut/外raincoatə雨衣shortsʃ:ts/短sandals/'sændl/鞋boots/bu:ts/靴hat/hæt/有边帽cap/kæp/无边帽tie/tai/领sunglassesɑ阳镜scarfɑ:f/围巾glovesʌ手套8、交通工具（vehicles）bike/baik/自行车busʌs/公汽车train/trein/火boatəut/小shipʃip/轮yachtɔ快艇carɑ小车taxi出车jeep/dʒ吉普车van小货车

plane/plein/飞subwaybwei/地铁motorcycleəutə'saikl/摩托车9、杂物（other）window/'wind窗door/dɔ:/门desk/desk/课chairʃɛ/椅bed/bed/床computer/k计算机board:d/写板fan风扇light灯mirrorə镜子teacherdesk/ʃdesk/讲picture/'pikt/图photoəutə照wall墙floor/fl:/地footballɔ足present/'preznt//gift/gift礼walkman/ɔn/随听lamp/læmp/台灯phoneə电话sofaə/沙shelfʃelf/书fridge/frid/冰table/'teibl/桌air-conditionerɛən'diəə/空调key/ki:/钥lockk/锁plate/pleit/盘knife/naif/刀fork/f:k/叉spoon/spu:n/勺子chopsticksʃɔpstiks/筷potɔt/锅toyɔ玩具doll洋娃ball/b球balloon/b'lu:n/气kite/kait/风筝jigsawpuzzleʒigs:'pʌ拼游戏boxɔ盒子

umbrellaʌ/伞zipper/'zipə/拉violinə小琴nest/nest/鸟hole洞toothbrush/'tu:ʌ/牙/'menju:/菜e-card:d/电卡片e-mail/meil/电邮件ʌni/钱trafficlait/交灯medicine/'medisin/药、地点locations）əum/家room/ru:m/房间bedroom/'bedrum/卧bathroom卫间livingroom/'livi/起室客kitchenʃin/厨classroomɑ:srum/教室school/sku:l/学校parkɑ公园library/'laibrri/图书馆postofficeəust:fis/邮局hospitalspitl/医院cinema/'sinimə/电影院bookstoreɔ:/书店farmɑ农zoo/zu:/动园gardenɑ:dn/花playground/'pleigraund/操canteen餐teacheroffice/':fis/教师办公室/dʒ体馆washroomɔrum/盥洗室artroomɑru:m/美室computerəm'pju:t/电房musicroom/'mju:zik/音教室TV电房flat/flæt/公寓companyʌəni/公司factoryə工厂pet/petʃɔp/宠店sciencemuseum/'saiəə科博物馆

theGreatWall/greit长城supermarketə,m:kit/超bank/bæŋk/银country乡村village/'vilidʒ村city城、气象）coldəuld/冷的hotɔt/热的/w:m/温的cool/ku:l/凉的snowyəui/下的sunnyʌni/晴朗的rainy/'reini/下windy/'windi/刮的cloudy/'klaudi/多云的weatherreportəri'p:t/天预报12、物（）river/'riv/河流lake/leik/湖stream/stri:m/小溪forestrist/森pathɑ:θ小roadə马路houseə房子bridge/bridʒ/桥building建筑物rain/rein/雨cloud/klaud/云sun太mountain/'mauntin大sky/skai/天rainbowəu/彩虹wind风air/ɛ/空13、物（）flower/'flau/花grassɑ:s/草tree树seed种leaf/li:f/树plantɑ植物roseəuz/玫瑰、星期（）

Monday/'mʌndei/星一Tuesday/'tju:zdi/星期二Wednesday/wenzdi/星三Thursday/':zdi/星四Friday/'fraidi/星五Saturday/'sæt星期六Sundayʌndi/星天周末、月份months）January/'dʒ一月February/'februri/二月/mɑʃ/三Aprill/四/mei/五月Juneu:n/六July/du:'lai/七月Augustɔʌ八September/九Octoberɔk'tubə/十Novemberəu'vemb/十月/di'sembə/十月、季节seasons）spring/spriʌm/ɔ:l'əm/winter/'wintə/17、方位（）south/sauθ/ɔ:北东west/west/西left/left/左right/rait/右18、病（）haveafeverə发高烧hurtə:t/疼haveacoldə伤haveatoothacheθei/疼haveaheadache头haveasorethroatɔ:θrut/喉咙haveastomachache/'stʌəkeik/胃19、词（）one一二

three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二thirteen十fourteen十四fifteen十sixteen十六seventeen十eighteen十nineteen九twenty二thirty三forty四fifty五sixty六seventy七十eighty八ninety九hundredʌə一first第second第二third第fourth第fifth第五sixth第seventh第eighth第ninth第tenth第十eleventh第十一twelfth第十二20、容词（）big/big/大small/smɔ:/小long/l长的ɔ:l/高short/:t/短

young/jʌ年的old/uld/老strong/str强壮的thin/in/的积的quiet/'kwaiə安的nice/nais好kind/kaind/善良的strict/strikt/格的smart/smɑ明的funny/'fʌni/滑的sweet/swi:t/的ɔ/的sour/'sau/酸ʃ新鲜ərit/最喜欢的干的ə累的excited/ik'saitid/兴的angry/'æ生的happy/'hæpi/高兴的ɔ:d/无聊的难的taller更的shorter更的stronger更壮的older更的younger更年轻的bigger更大的heavier更的longer更的thinner更的smaller更小的good好better更的higher更的fine/fain/好的棒heavy/'hevi/重new/nju:/新的fat/fæt/胖right对饿可爱的

的lovely/'l可的əə漂亮的colourful/'kʌlə五六色的pretty/'priti/漂亮的ʃ便的贵juicy/'dʒu:si/汁的healthy/'helθ健的əl有帮助的高的easy/'i:zi/简的proud/praud/骄傲的、介词）in在……里面on在…上面under/'ʌə在……下面nearə在…附近在…后面nextto在…旁边over/'əə悬在……上面infrontʌ在…前面、代词（pron.）我we/wi:/我你，你们he/hi:/他she/i:/她它他们我ə我的your/juə/你，你们的his/hiz/的ə她、动词verb.）玩swim/swim/游泳溜fly/flai/飞jump/dmp/walk/w走ʌn/跑爬

fight/fait/打swing/swiŋ/秋千eat/i:t/吃睡欢有buy/bai/买take/teik拍照居teach/ti:t/教go/gəu/去study/'stdi/习learn/l学习sing/siŋ/歌ɑ:ns/跳row/ru/划read读do做作业watchTVɔʃ/看视cookthe/kukmi:l/烧watertheflowersə浇花thefloor/swi:p拖clean/kli:n扫房间thebed铺叠settable摆桌washclothesəuðz/衣服washdishesʃ洗盘子usecomputerəm'pju:tə/用电脑domorningexercisesɔ:ni'ekssaiz/做操eatbreakfastə吃餐eatdinnerə/吃饭gotoschool去学haveEnglishclass英语课playsports/plei:ts/育运动getup床climbmountains/klaim'mauntins/爬goshopping去物playpiano/pi'ænə弹琴visitgrandparents/'viz