【移动应用开发技术】Appium的代码实例及日志分析

【移动应用开发技术】Appium的代码实例及日志分析

本文内容：Android及IOS基于TestNG的代码结构示例，常用的元素定位方式的介绍部分项目中使用的功能代码示例Appium日志的具体分析部分需要理解的概念Android示例代码(TestNG)：public

class

AndroidTest

{

protected

AndroidDriver<MobileElement>

driver;

URL

url

=

new

URL(":4723/wd/hub");

@BeforeSuite

public

void

setUp()

throws

Exception

{

DesiredCapabilities

capabilities

=

new

DesiredCapabilities();

capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,

"AndroidPhone");

capabilities.setCapability(AndroidMobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.example.dev");

capabilities.setCapability(AndroidMobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

".MainActivity");

capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.NO_RESET,

true);

driver

=

new

AndroidDriver<>(url,

capabilities);

}

@AfterSuite

public

void

tearDown()

throws

Exception

{

if

(driver

!=

null)

{

driver.quit();

}

}

@Test

public

void

test_001(){}//Test

Case

One

@Test

public

void

test_002(){}//Test

Case

Two

}IOS示例代码(TestNG)：public

abstract

class

IOSTest

{

protected

IOSDriver<MobileElement>

driver;

URL

url

=

new

URL(":4723/wd/hub");

@BeforeSuite

public

void

setUp()

throws

Exception

{

DesiredCapabilities

capabilities

=

new

DesiredCapabilities();

capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,

"iOS");

capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,

"10.3");

capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,

"My

iPhone

6");

capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.UDID,

"c4ef2cbc8a1b39123838a8ad9fdea45547e44c20");

capabilities.setCapability(IOSMobileCapabilityType.BUNDLE_ID,

"com.example.dev");

driver

=

new

IOSDriver<>(url,

capabilities);

}

}常用的元素定位方式：Android：IOS：AccessibilityIdappium移除了在Selenium上常用的name和tagname定位方式IOS上表示AccessibilityIdentifier，通常和Name、Label属性相同Android上表示contentdescription交互操作MobileElement：交互的对象，对应于Android中的一个View对象点击：element.click();输入：element.sendKeys("text");滑动：driver.swipe()点击：driver.tap();等待方式：//隐式等待//全局设定查找元素时的等待时间，找不到会尝试10秒内间隔查找，找到了继续//这里设定的值对driver的整个生命周期起作用，从现在开始到下次修改，每次查找都是10秒。driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,TimeUnit.SECONDS);//显式等待//仅仅这次，指明最多等待5秒，指明结束条件为找到元素id=bt_next。超时抛出TimeoutException。WebElemente=newWebDriverWait(driver,5).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("bt_next")));//强行等待//线程直接暂停，适合于单纯的等待。不查找元素Thread.sleep(3000)DesiredCapabilities这是一个key-value的集合，用于告诉服务器建立连接的设备信息，不同平台有所不同。appium支持许多的属性设置，可以到官网做个全面的了解。MobileCapabilityType：不同平台共用AndroidMobileCapabilityType：Android专用IOSMobileCapabilityType：IOS专用Android一般至少需要：1、platformName2、platformVersion3、deviceName4、appPackage5、appActivityIOS一般至少需要：1、platformName2、platformVersion3、deviceName4、udid5、bundleId部分代码示例//对于弹出的权限对话框，如果找到Allow按钮则一直点击Allow。

protected

void

grantPermissionIfPrompt()

{

int

count

=

0;//at

most

five

times

grant

MobileElement

allowBtn

=

findElement(By.id(ConstConfig.ALLOW_BUTTON));

while

(allowBtn

!=

null

&&

count++

<

5)

{//at

most

5

time

to

try

allowBtn.click();

allowBtn

=

findElement(By.id(ConstConfig.ALLOW_BUTTON));

}

}//向上滑动列表，直到找到目标元素

static

public

MobileElement

scrollDownUnitFound(AndroidDriver<MobileElement>

driver,

String

content)

throws

Exception

{

int

width

=

driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth();

int

height

=

driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight();

int

count

=

0;

String

xpathStr

=

createXpathDesc(content);

do

{

if

(driver.findElementsByXPath(xpathStr).size()

>

0)

{

//in

case

of

the

element

is

still

hiding,

or

the

element

is

showing

only

a

little

part

of

it.

driver.swipe(width

/

2,

height

/

2,

width

/

2,

height

/

3,

600);

Thread.sleep(1000);//sleep

1

second

to

avoid

getting

the

element

in

the

wrong

position.

return

driver.findElementsByXPath(xpathStr).get(0);

}

driver.swipe(width

/

2,

height

/

2,

width

/

2,

height

/

4,

600);

count++;

}

while

(count

<

20);

return

null;

}//生成xpath字符串

static

public

String

createXpathDesc(String

content)

{

return

".//*[@text='"

+

content

+

"']";

}//滑动找到元素，并点击其左侧的CheckBox。CheckBox没有id，也不适合用classname，因为不知道是第几个，只能借助相邻元素坐标偏移。

MobileElement

el

=

AndroidHelper.scrollDownUnitFound(driver,

voteTarget);

if

(el

!=

null)

{//find

the

checkbox

to

the

left

of

the

founded

target.

int

targetX

=

el.getLocation().getX()

-

20;

int

targetY

=

el.getLocation().getY()

+

1;//event

+0

is

working

System.out.println("coordinates：x

=

"

+

targetX

+

"

y

=

"

+

targetY);

driver.tap(1,

targetX,

targetY,

300);

}日志分析（AppiumonAWSDeviceFarm）：Appium是Client/Server结构的，所以每一次操作都是以Client向Server发送http请求开始，以Server向Client发送http响应结束。查阅日志可以按这个规律过滤不必要的信息。Android日志分析:driver.findElement(By.id("compose_button")).click();(Adnroid)findElement操作日志：2017-09-19

04:06:27:278

-

[HTTP]

-->

POST

/wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element

{"using":"id","value":"compose_button"}

2017-09-19

04:06:27:278

-

[debug]

[MJSONWP]

Calling

AppiumDriver.findElement()

with

args:

["id","compose_button","acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f"]

2017-09-19

04:06:27:279

-

[debug]

[BaseDriver]

Valid

locator

strategies

for

this

request:

xpath,

id,

class

name,

accessibility

id,

-android

uiautomator

2017-09-19

04:06:27:279

-

[debug]

[BaseDriver]

Valid

locator

strategies

for

this

request:

xpath,

id,

class

name,

accessibility

id,

-android

uiautomator

2017-09-19

04:06:27:279

-

[debug]

[BaseDriver]

Waiting

up

to

3000

ms

for

condition

2017-09-19

04:06:27:280

-

[debug]

[AndroidBootstrap]

Sending

command

to

android:

{"cmd":"action","action":"find","params":{"strategy":"id","selector":"compose_button","context":"","multiple":false}}

2017-09-19

04:06:27:310

-

[AndroidBootstrap]

[BOOTSTRAP

LOG]

[debug]

Got

data

from

client:

{"cmd":"action","action":"find","params":{"strategy":"id","selector":"compose_button","context":"","multiple":false}}

2017-09-19

04:06:27:310

-

[AndroidBootstrap]

[BOOTSTRAP

LOG]

[debug]

Got

command

of

type

ACTION

2017-09-19

04:06:27:310

-

[AndroidBootstrap]

[BOOTSTRAP

LOG]

[debug]

Got

command

action:

find

2017-09-19

04:06:27:311

-

[AndroidBootstrap]

[BOOTSTRAP

LOG]

[debug]

Finding

'compose_button'

using

'ID'

with

the

contextId:

''

multiple:

false

2017-09-19

04:06:27:311

-

[AndroidBootstrap]

[BOOTSTRAP

LOG]

[debug]

Using:

UiSelector[INSTANCE=0,

RESOURCE_ID=com.example.hello:id/compose_button]

2017-09-19

04:06:27:329

-

[AndroidBootstrap]

[BOOTSTRAP

LOG]

[debug]

Returning

result:

{"status":0,"value":{"ELEMENT":"9"}}

2017-09-19

04:06:27:330

-

[debug]

[AndroidBootstrap]

Received

command

result

from

bootstrap

2017-09-19

04:06:27:330

-

[debug]

[MJSONWP]

Responding

to

client

with

driver.findElement()

result:

{"ELEMENT":"9"}

2017-09-19

04:06:27:344

-

[HTTP]

<--

POST

/wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element

200

53

ms

-

87(Android)click操作日志：2017-09-19

04:06:27:348

-

[HTTP]

-->

POST

/wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element/9/click

{"id":"9"}

2017-09-19

04:06:27:348

-

[debug]

[MJSONWP]

Calling

AppiumDriver.click()

with

args:

["9","acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f"]

2017-09-19

04:06:27:359

-

[debug]

[AndroidBootstrap]

Sending

command

to

android:

{"cmd":"action","action":"element:click","params":{"elementId":"9"}}

2017-09-19

04:06:27:375

-

[AndroidBootstrap]

[BOOTSTRAP

LOG]

[debug]

Got

data

from

client:

{"cmd":"action","action":"element:click","params":{"elementId":"9"}}

2017-09-19

04:06:27:391

-

[AndroidBootstrap]

[BOOTSTRAP

LOG]

[debug]

Got

command

of

type

ACTION

2017-09-19

04:06:27:391

-

[AndroidBootstrap]

[BOOTSTRAP

LOG]

[debug]

Got

command

action:

click

2017-09-19

04:06:27:876

-

[debug]

[AndroidBootstrap]

Received

command

result

from

bootstrap

2017-09-19

04:06:27:876

-

[debug]

[MJSONWP]

Responding

to

client

with

driver.click()

result:

true

2017-09-19

04:06:27:880

-

[HTTP]

<--

POST

/wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element/9/click

200

529

ms

-

76IOS日志分析：driver.findByAccessibilityId("Compose").click();(IOS)findElement操作日志：2017-09-19

07:19:36:259

-

[HTTP]

-->

POST

/wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element

{"using":"accessibility

id","value":"Compose"}

2017-09-19

07:19:36:259

-

[debug]

[MJSONWP]

Calling

AppiumDriver.findElement()

with

args:

["accessibility

id","Compose","bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93"]

2017-09-19

07:19:36:260

-

[debug]

[XCUITest]

Executing

command

'findElement'

2017-09-19

07:19:36:260

-

[debug]

[BaseDriver]

Valid

locator

strategies

for

this

request:

xpath,

id,

name,

class

name,

-ios

predicate

string,

-ios

class

chain,

accessibility

id

2017-09-19

07:19:36:260

-

[debug]

[BaseDriver]

Waiting

up

to

3000

ms

for

condition

2017-09-19

07:19:36:261

-

[debug]

[JSONWP

Proxy]

Proxying

[POST

/element]

to

[POST

:8100/session/3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B/element]

with

body:

{"using":"accessibility

id","value":"Compose"}

2017-09-19

07:19:37:826

-

[debug]

[JSONWP

Proxy]

Got

response

with

status

200:

{"value":{"ELEMENT":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","type":"XCUIElementTypeButton","label":"Compose"},"sessionId":"3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B","status":0}

2017-09-19

07:19:37:829

-

[debug]

[MJSONWP]

Responding

to

client

with

driver.findElement()

result:

{"ELEMENT":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","type":"XCUIElementTypeButton","label":"Compose"}

2017-09-19

07:19:37:843

-

[HTTP]

<--

POST

/wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element

200

1570

ms

-

171(IOS)click操作日志：2017-09-19

07:19:37:869

-

[HTTP]

-->

POST

/wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-0