大学英语四级分类模拟题402

大学英四级分类模题402SectionWhenwethinkaboutthegrowthofhumanpopulationoverthelastcenturyorso,itisalltooeasytoimagineitmerelyasanincreaseinthenumberofhumans.Butaswe1,sodoallthethingsassociatedwithus,2ourlivestock牲畜).Atbuffaloandabout1.7billionsheepandgoats.Withpigsandpoultry,theyforma3partofourenormousbiologicalfootprintuponthisplanet.JusthowreallyacalledUnitedNations.Considerthesenumbers.Globallivestockgrazing牧)andfeedproductionuse30percentofthelandsurfaceoftheplanet.Livestockwhichconsumemorefoodthanthey—alsocompetedirectlywithhumansforwater.Andthedrivetoexpandgrazinglanddestroysmorebiologicallysensitiveterrain,6rainforests,thananythingelse.Butwhatfortransportation's.Theculprits(罪魁祸首)aremethane—naturalresultbovinedigestionandthenitrogenemittedbymanure.Deforestationofgrazinglandaddstotheeffect.Therearewarmingcuttingbackoncattletomakeroomforcars.Thehumanformeatiscertainlynotabouttoendanytimesoon.AsLivestock'sLongShadowmakesclear,ourhealthandthehealthoftheplanetdependonpushinglivestockproductioninmore10directions.A.availableI.multiplyB.certainlyJ.passionC.concerningK.publicationD.contributionL.responsibleE.criticalM.sustainableF.especiallyN.wasteG.includingO.yieldH.liableSectionBFirefighterTrainingA.ToatypicalAmericankid,theonlythingcoolerthanafiretruckissomebodyinFirefightersthroughhighspeedsandrisktheirliveseverydayfightingfires.It'seasytoseewhysomanypeoplewanttobecomefirefighters:servingasoneisheroicandadventurous.Butbecomingafirefightertakesmorethanstrengthandcourage.B.Beforeyoucanbecomeanactive-dutyfirefighter,youneedtospendtraining,That'ssomewherebetweenhoursperfirefightertrainingfull-timejob.Trainingtypicallyoccursatafireacademy,whichisoftenrunbythefiredepartment,adivisionofthestategovernmentorauniversity.Muchcourseworkatacademy,English,Chemistry,

andFireScienceinrelationtoreal-lifefiresituations.Tobeeffectiveproblemsolversandupgoodtheafirefightertobestrong.C.Firefightingisahighlycompetitivefield.Thousandsofapplicantsapplyeveryyearacrossthecountry,butmostareManydepartmentstypicallypositionsapplicantsatsomeholdschooldiploma,manylookforapplicantswithtwoyearsofcollegecreditsfromanaccreditedcollegeoruniversity.Firefightingissocompetitive,infact,thatmanyapplicantsobtainEMTorparamedic(理人员certificationbeforeapplyingtoafirefighter,themdesirabletodepartments.applicantsthanbeforefour-yeardegreesinFireScienceorrelatedfields,whichhasmadethefieldevenmorecompetitive.D.Toenteratrainingprogram,applicantstakethreeexams:awrittentest,aCandidatePhysicalAbilityTest(CPAT)andanaptitudetest.Thewrittenexamofcoversreadingcomprehension,mechanicalreasoning,logic,observationandmemory.Theprimaryfocusofthephysicalabilitytestisagility敏),strengthendurance.theapplicant'stophysicalactivity.Thesearereflectiveofwhatstudentsdointhefireacademythroughouttheirtrainingdaysinandout.It'sunlikelythatanapplicantwhostrainstocompletethetaskswillsurvive14weeksoftraining,andsoisastrongindicatoroffuturesuccess.Applicantsunusualways.Often,runstadiums,sacksingarages.Next,excitinganddangerousaspectoffirefightertraining.Inordertosurvive,firefightersmustbeabletothinkcriticallyandclearlyandsolveproblemsquickly,underextremestress.Thiscanbeespeciallydifficultinanactualfire,sotraininginstructorsconductlivefiretrainingdrills:Theypurposelysetbuildingsonfiretogivestudentsopportunitiestodeveloptheseskills.Theoverallgoalthisbehavioraltrainingistoinstill(步培养)isconductedbuildings,structures,acquired,beintentionallyburnedforfirefightertraining.F.Therearethreetypesofburnbuildings:traditional,acquiredbuildings,builtwithspecialmaterials,canwithstandmultiplefires,althoughtheydobreakdownovertime.Traditionalburnbuildingsexistincommunities,atfireacademiesandonuniversitycampuses.Thefuelusedtocausefiresstructuresarecondemnedhousesorotherabandonedbuildings.Instructorslocateasuitablebuildingandbeginatediousprocess.First,aninstructorgetswrittenpermissionbuilding'sownerandacquiresnecessaryandhealthclearancestoproceed.Theynotifyeveryoneinthesurroundingcommunitybuilding,businesses.makecertainthereisnoinsuranceonthepropertytopreventfalseclaimsandlegaltrouble.Withthelegalissuesoutoftheway,theypreparedthesitefortrainingpurpose.G.Evenwiththepreparationsandprecautionarymeasures,usinganacquiredstructureverydangerous.firecontrolled,thatmeanless10years,werekilledduringtraining,someoftheseinlivefiretraining.liketheseledfireinstructorstoadoptanew,safermethodforlivefire

training:simulatedstructuralfirebuildings.Simulatedstructuralfirebuildingsareadvancedcomputersfire-producingdevicesthatrunonpropane烷)andnaturalgas,andusea(气雾剂torealantheburnbuildinghassystemstoextinguishthefireandextractallofthesmokewithofletshowthefirewillburnandatwhattemperature.ThecomputersarecapableorTheysuchortables.Volunteersameandthatcareerfirefightersdo,asoutlinedbythedocumentNFPA1001,butinmanytoOnlyofvolunteersevermakeMostvolunteerfirefightersotherjobsandcan'tdevotefull-timehourstotraining.Instead,localfiredepartmentsofferweeklyormonthlytrainingeventstoensureeveryonedevelopsfirefightersrestrictedfirefightingdepartmentsconsistvolunteers,includingwhooftenhaveexperiencedrivingbigrigsorschoolbuses.Inadditiontodriving,engineersoperatethehosepumps.11、Thebuilt-infire-producingdevicescontrolledbyburnbuildings'computersrelyonpropaneandnaturalgastooperate.12、Studentstakingpartinthefirefightertrainingneedtostudyseveralsubjectsatthefireacademy.13、preparedfortrainingonpurpose,thehopedevelopingstudents'gooddangeroussituations.14、Acquiringtheparamediccertificationforthewillmaketheapplicantsforfirefightingmoredesirabletohiringdepartments.15、Tomakethevolunteerfirefightersacquiretheskillstheyneed,localfiredepartmentsofferthemtrainingeventsweeklyormonthly.16、instructorisrequiredtoacquirethepermissionofthestructures'ownersinwrittenform.17、structuralbuildings.18、Beforebecominganactive-dutyfirefighterinAmerica,oneneedstobetrained40to48hoursperweek.19、Anewbylivetousesimulatedstructuralfirebuildings.20、Thephysicalabilitytestwilldeterminewhetheronecansucceedinbecomingafirefighterinthefutureornot.SectionOneHaveyouevernoticedthatlessonstendtorepeatthemselves?Doesitseemasmarriedorsamekindpersonseveraldifferentbodieswithdifferentnames?Haveyourunintothesametypeofbossoverandoveragain?Ifyoudon'tdealwellwithauthorityfiguresathome,thenyouwillhaveanopportunitytodealwiththemoutintheworld.Youwill

continuallydrawyourlifeintopeoplewhoneedtoenforceauthority,andyouwillstrugglewiththemuntilyoulearnthelessonofwillcontinuallyintodrawtoyourteacherstoteachyouthatlessonuntilyougetitright.Youmaytrytoavoidthesituations,theywilleventuallywithTheonlyfreetendpatternsandlearnthelessonsthattheyoffer.Tofacethesechallengesmeansyouneedtoacceptthefactthatsomethingwithinyoukeepsdrawingyoutothesamekindofpersonorissue,thoughthatsituationorrelationshipmaybeverypainful.Thechallenge,therefore,istoidentifyandreleasethepatternsthatyouarerepeating.Thisisnoeasytask,sinceitmeansyouhavetochange,andStayingmayspiritually,butitcertainlyiscomfortableinitsfamiliarity.thechallengeofidentifyingandreleasingyourpatternsforcesyouthebeendoingisn'tThenewsisthatbyidentifyingandreleasingthepattern,youactuallylearnhowtochange.Inordertofacilitateyourprocessofchange,youwillneedtoOncewillmostfindfarlessintimidating.21、Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby"lessonstendtorepeatthemselves"?A.Youtendtomarryanddatethesameperson.B.Therearethesameauthorityfiguresinsideyourhomeandoutofit.C.Youtendtorunintothesameproblemsinyourlife.D.Therearemanydifficultpatternsandissuesinyourlife.22、Howcanyougetridofattractingthesamelessonintoyourlife?A.Bytryingyourbesttoavoidthosesituations.B.Bychangingyourperspective.C.Bygettingthecouragetofacethosechallenges.D.Bychangingyourattitudestowardslife.23、Whydolessonstendtorepeatthemselvesaccordingtotheauthor?A.Teachershaven'ttaughtyouhowtodealwiththem.B.Theyarestickyenoughtocatchupwithyoueventually.C.Youhavebeenbehavinginabadly-functionedway.D.Youdon'tlearnwillingnessandpatienceinthelessons.24、attitudetowardstheideaofstayingjustasyouare?Intimidating.Supportive.25、Whatistheeffectofmasteringwillingnessandpatienceaccordingtothepassage?A.Makingyourchangebecomeeasier.B.Helpingyoutoidentifyyouroldpatterns.C.Challengingyouwithdifficultpatterns.D.Arousingyourinnerdesiretochange.PassageTwoWhatnon-scientistswillstrangequestion.Feelings.justifythemselves.Theyneedservenootherpurposeinordertoexist.Ontheothermanyevolutionarycontrasttobehaviorists,acknowledgesomeemotionsareprimarilyfortheirsurvivalfunction.bothfeartheloveisnecessarytocareforyoung,andangerpreparesonetoholdground.Butthefactthatbehaviorfunctionstoservesurvivalmeanthatiswhyitisdone.Otherscientistshaveattributedthesamebehavior

toconditioning,tolearnedresponses.Certainreflexesandfixedactionpatternscanoccurwithoutfeelingsorconsciousthought.Agullchickpecksatspothasspotbill喙;peckstheparent'sbill.Thegullparentfeedsitschickwhenpeckedonthebill.Thebabygetsfed.Theinteractionneedhavenoemotionalcontent.thetherereasonwhyemotionalcontent.In—including—thathavegivenbirth,milkisoftenreleasedautomaticallywhenanewbabycries.Thisisnotundervoluntarycontrol;itisreflex.Yetthisdoesnotmeanthatfeedinganewbabyisexclusivelylikebehaviorconditionedreflexive.reflexesexist,andconditionedbehavioriswidespread,measurable,andobservable,mostscientiststrytoexplainanimalbehaviorusingonlytheseconcepts.Itissimpler.explainbehaviorinwaysthatfitscientificmethodsmosteasily,scientistshaverefusedtoconsideranycausesforanimalbehaviorotherthanreflexiveandconditionedones.Scientificorthodoxy观念holdsthatwhatcannotbereadilymeasuredortestedcannotexist,orisunworthyattention.Butexplanationsneedcomplexorunstable.Theymorethescientificmethodtoverifyintheusualways,clevererandmoresophisticatedapproachesarecalledfor.Mostbranchesofsciencearemoreapproximations似值)ultimatelyunknowable,ratherthanignoringitaltogether.26、Whatdomanyevolutionarybiologistsbelieve?A.Someemotionsdonotexist.B.Emotionsarehelpfulforpeople'ssurvival.C.Emotionsgivemeaninganddepthtolife.D.Onlyhumanshaveemotions.27、Whatfromexamplepeckingparent'sbill?A.Behaviorscanbelearnedandhavenoemotionalcontent.B.Itistheinnatecharacteristicforadultstolookaftertheyoung.C.Ittakestimeforanimalstobeconditioned.D.Emotionsareveryimportanttosurvival.28、scientiststermsofreflexesandconditioning?A.TheyarethemostessentialfactorsforanimalstosurviveB.TheyareimportantforanimalstodeveloplearnedandemotionalbehaviorsC.Theyareconvenientforscientiststoexplainanimals'behaviorD.Theywillleadtoabetterunderstandingofanimalemotions29、Whatshouldscientistsdotostudyanimalemotions?A.Theyshouldsetupimprovedandrefinedskillfulexperiments.B.Theyshouldanalyzehumanemotions.C.Theyshoulddistinguishwhatisemotionalandwhatisconditioned.D.Theyshouldlearnfromanimalbehaviorists.30、Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Tomakethepointthatemotionsareworthourattention.B.Toexplainwhatreflexivebehavioris.C.Tocomparehumanemotionswithanimalemotions.D.Todiscusstheimportanceofemotions.

答案:Section1、[解析]本空应填动词。空前的e和空后的so表明，所填词为动词原形，故应从项multiply,N项waste和O项yield中选择。上句的rowth和increase提示，本空应填Imultiply。2、[解析]本空应填动词的非谓语形式或副词。本空位于逗号后，逗号前句子结构完整，空后为名词，故推测所填词应为动词的非谓语形式或副词，从项certainly,C项concerning,F项especially和G项including选择。livestock和逗号前的allthethingsassociatedwithus是一种包含关系，故答案项including(包括)。由于该段及整篇文章都未提及并强调在所有事物中尤其是家畜增长了，故排除强干扰项项especially。3、[解析]本空应填形容词。空前a和空后的part表明，所填词应为以辅音音素开头的形容词。结合下文具体讲到的牲畜对地球的巨大影响可推断答案为项critical。4、[解析]本空应填名词。在名词选项中，与空后的report属于同一个语义场，且与报告的发出方联合国粮农组织的身份一致的是项publication(公布)。D项contribution为“投稿”时放在此处与联合国粮农组织的身份不一致，故排除。5、[解析]本空应填动词。空前的hey和consume表明，所填词应为动词原形，故从项waste和O项yield中选择。两者中与consume(耗)形成对比的是yield，故答案为O项ield(产出)。N项waste(浪费)与consume有重复之嫌，且一般不用动物作主语，故排除。6、[解析]本空应填副词。分析句子可知，rainforests为插入语，forests是对biologicallysensitiveterrain一种举例说明，故答案为常用于举例的副词项especially。7、[解析]本空应填形容词，且该词应与for搭配。由whatisevenmore可知，本段依然在介绍牲畜对地球的负面影响由下句的解释其元凶是甲烷(牛消化过程的自然结果和粪便释放的氮”可知本句说的是牲畜导致了全球变暖意为是造成……的原因”，符合此处语义，故答案为L项responsiblebeliablefor指“对……有法律责任的，常用来形容人，与此处的主语livestock(畜)不符，故排除干扰项H项liable。8、[解析]本空应填名词。D项cJ项passion和N项waste中选择。这里在比较畜牧业和交通运输业对全球变暖效应的影响，本空所填词在意思上应该与前面的eresponsiblefor相似，故答案为D项contribution9、[解析]本空应填名词。J项passion和Nwaste中选择。两个选项中与or搭配的是passion,passionfor指的是“对……的热爱，符合此处语义，故答案为J项passionN项waste一般与of搭配使用，且不符合此处语义，故排除。10、[解析]本空应填形容词空前的ore和空后的directions表明所填词应为多音节形容词故从A项available,H项liableM项sustainable中选择。A项available一般不放在名词前，故排除liable没有比较级排除项ustainable(可持续性的为褒义词前面的ealth

一致，符合此处语义，故为答案。SectionB11、[解析]题目意为：建筑内安装的生火装置由着火建筑的计算机控制，依靠丙烷和天然气来运转。根据题目中的线索词built-infire-producingdevicespropaneandnaturalgas将本题定位至H段。该段第2句提到，着火建筑内的计算机控制着建筑内安装的靠丙烷和天然气来运转的生火装置。题目是对该句的同义转述。12、[解析]题目意为：参加消防员训练的学生需要在消防学院学习几门课程。根据题目中的线索词firefighter和tthefire将本题定位至B段。该段倒数第二句提到，在消防学院学习理论课程时，学生要学习英语、物理、化学、数学和与现实生活中的各种火情相关的火灾科学。13、[解析]题目意为：在实况消防训练中，培训老师会故意放火烧一些专门用于训练的建筑，目的就是为了让学生们培养在危险处境中的良好习惯。根据题目中的线索词livefiretraininggoodhabits将本题定位至E段?该段阐述了学生们进行实况消防训练的相关内容。其中最后三句指出，培训老师为了培养学生们在危险境况中进行周密且清晰的思考的能力他们会让一些建筑着火并让学生们在这个环境中进行训练这些建筑都是专门用于消防员训练的题目是对该段最后三句内容的概述。14、[解析]题目意为：如果能够在去消防部门应聘前获得护理人员资格证，这将使得竞聘者更加受到招聘部门的青睐。根据题目中的线索词aramediccertification和hiringdepartments将本题定位至C段。该段倒数第二句提到，许多人在申请当消防员之前就拿到了急诊医师或护理人员资格证书，这增加了招聘部门对他们的中意程度。15、[解析]题目意为：为了让志愿消防员获得他们所需要的技能，当地的消防部门每周或者每个月为他们提供培训。根据题目中的线索词firefighters和weeklyormonthly将本题定位至I段。该段介绍了志愿消防员的相关内容，其中3、句指出，由于大多数志愿消防员都有别的工作他们不可能花整天的时间来培训鉴于此当地消防部门每周或每月提供培训以保证每位志愿者掌握需要的技能。16、[解析]题目意为：在使用获准建筑进行实况消防训练之前，培训老师需要获得建筑物所有者的书面许可。根据题目中的线索词theacquiredstructurespermission将本题定位至F段。该段介绍了用于实况消防训练的可着火建筑物的相关内容中着重介绍了传统的建筑和获准