稽山中学蔡红策略

基于ERSA体验模式的绍兴市稽山中学蔡红2013年10月31日高中英语阅读策略的培养一、英语学习的重要原则如何体验？体验什么？英语课程应从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发，倡导学生在教师的指导下，通过体验、实践、参与、合作和交流的学习方式，发现语言规律，逐步掌握语言知识和技能，不断调整情感态度，形成有效的学习策略，发展自主学习能力。

——《普通高中英语课程标准（实验稿）》，2003教育部二、阅读的策略体验什么？刘丹丹（2002）：“预测、词汇技巧、略读、浏览、结构分析、推论（26个子策略）”戴军熔（2013）：“预测、略读、寻读、猜测、推理（21个子策略）”策略的维度可关注策略策略体验方法预测●预测主题●预测内容●预测体裁●预测结构

根据结构预测根据题目预测根据文章或段落起始句预测根据上下文预测略读●了解篇章体裁●把握文本结构●掌握主旨大义略读标题与副标题略读开篇段落或各段起始句略读总结段落或结尾句寻读

●寻读课文结构●查找目标信息或事实●辨认关键字词句或概念

带着问题到文章中寻找答案注意名字、数字、斜体和粗体注意连接词猜测●理解生词、句子含义或熟词生义根据词根猜测词义根据读者经历或阅历根据语境猜测词义或句义推理●读懂句子深层含义或弦外之音●辨别事实与观点、主题与细节●推断人物态度、性格和品质●推理上下文指代或故事发展线索

●体验不同文化●品悟人生哲理●推测写作意图、基调、主旨和出处分析句子成分研读重要词句、难句、长句根据背景知识推断课文内容根据已知内容推断未知内容鉴赏文章的内容与修辞品读美文佳句妙词基于评判性思维培养的问题讨论如何体验？DavidKolb：三、ERSA体验模式显性阅读策略&隐性阅读策略（Cohen，2000）四、课例展现Elias’story1.目标定位：解读文本，设定指向策略体验的教学目标，并在教学设计中渗透相应策略的体验。●题目：Elias’storyPredictingthestyleofnarrationfromthetitle;●故事要素：wh-s●结构：beforeandafterEmetMSkimmingforthestructure;Scanningfordetails;●生词/句：...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.However，thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.HetoldmehowtogetthecorrectpaperssoIcouldstayinJohannesburg.Heofferedguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.四、课例展现Elias’story1.目标定位：●题目：Elias’story●故事要素：wh-s●结构：beforeandafterEmetMSkimmingforthestructure;Scanningfordetails;●生词：Guessingthemeaningfor“guidance,legal,passbook,papers,vote”andparaphrasingthesentence“onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence”;●句子/语段：Inferring1)Mandela’sattitudetotheunfairsituation;2)Mandela’squalities;3)theindicativemeaningof“this”and“then”inthesecondquote;4)theauthor’spurposeofemployingthetwoquotes.Predictingthestyleofnarrationfromthetitle;四、课例展现2.目标的达成：落实体验，创设指向策略体验的问题或活动，在教学过程中实现策略培养的目标1.目标的定位：解读文本，设定指向策略体验的教学目标，在教学设计中渗透相应策略的体验Task:Skimthetextandfillintheblanks:PartsKeyinformationMainideaPart.I(Para.___)Part.II(Para.___)Experience●

a______blackworker;avery______periodofmylife.

Elias’life______hemetMandela●

IdonotlikeviolencebutIhelpedhimblowup…;Iwas_____becauseitwouldhelpusachieveourdream.Elias’life______hemetMandela片段一●I____________becauseIhadverylittleeducation.●

ThedaywhenMandelahelpedmewasoneofmy______.●

Itwasthetruththat“we”almosthavenorightsatall.PartsKeyinformationMainideaPart.I(Para.___)Part.II(Para.___)Reflect1-23-5●

apoorblackworker;averydifficultperiodofmylife.

●IneededhishelpbecauseIhadverylittleeducation.Elias’life

_______hemetMandela●

ThedaywhenMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.●

Itwasthetruththat“we”almosthavenorightsatall.●

IdonotlikeviolencebutIhelpedhimblowup…;Iwashappybecauseitwouldhelpusachieveourdream.Elias’life______hemetMandelabeforeafterT:Whydidyoudividethetextinthisway?片段一SummarizeSummary:Skimming.Itisareadingstrategyusedtoidentifythemainideaorthestructureofatext.Wemayachievethegoalsbyreading:1.thefirstparagraphcompletely;2.thefirstsentencesofremainingparagraphs;3.thesummaryorthelastparagraphcompletely.T:Whatreadingstrategydidyouuse?Howdoweusuallyuseitinreadingpractice?片段一Task:Readthetextcarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions:

Experience1.Whatisa“passbook”?2.Whatdoes“papers”refertoinPara.3?3.Canyoufindanotherexpressionwhichisclosestinmeaningtotheword“vote”inPara.4?4.Canyouparaphrasethesentence“onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence”?片段二ReflectGroupdiscussion:Thinkaloudandnotedowntheword-guessingstrategies.1.Whatisa“passbook”?S:Theword“passbook”containstwoparts——“pass”and“book”，soitmightbesomepaperdocumentwhichallowspeopletodosomething.2)Bytheplot“onehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg”and“Ididn’thaveone…andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork”，itcanbeconcludedthatapassbookshouldbeacertificatewhichpermittedpeopletoliveandworkinJohannesburg.片段二Reflect3.Canyoufindanotherexpressionwhichisclosestinmeaningtotheword“vote”inPara.4?S:Byreadingthesentence“voteorchoosetheirleaders”,“vote”issimilarto“chooseone’sleaders”inmeaning.片段二Groupdiscussion:Thinkaloudandnotedowntheword-guessingstrategies.2.Whatdoes“papers”refertoinPara.3?S:

Eliasneededthe“papers”togetapassbookfromthegovernment.Accordingtolifeexperience,itshouldbedocuments.4.Canyouparaphrasethesentence“onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence”?S:Whenapeacefulwaywasnotallowed,wedeceidedtoturntoviolencetodealwiththeunfairsituation.“Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.”片段二ReflectGroupdiscussion:Thinkaloudandnotedowntheword-guessingstrategies.thisthenSu凳mm霞ar并iz驳eSu沙mm牺ar蜜y:Gu亭es勾si喉ng.轿It蛋i低s嘱a叹re沿ad幕in浓g印st核ra酱te婆gy封f渔orth丈e粉me打an芳in师g妻ofwo尼rd饼s鹿or须s梅en工te碗nc简es饱.Th铁eme锋an捕in气g摔ca塌n计beob竭ta赏in福edby夺:1.标wo务rdfo沃rm属at叉io跨n:ro泡ot弄s,pr斤ef尘ix悠es配,su稻ff皂ix抖es沙,萌co分mb虚in学at申io鼠n;2.有ba漠ck踪蝶gr如ou烈nd剥k穴no根wl例ed贤ge乐:卫re争ad杨er挣s’粒e霉xp氏er轧ie要nc伍e;3.蒜co窗nt勿ex趟tcl捕ue膛s番of楼:1)si沃tu曲at帜io俯n:掠t伏he煤p货lo港t陕or形t户he馒l坦og秀ic瓜o咱f欣th停e礼te谈xt驴;2)艳e秀xp蹄la勺na白ti剥on品:绒pu贤nc仍tu担at南io布ns畅o怀r疾wo挨rd唇s傲li贼ke驻“棒me摇an秘in料g,帽s爱uc化has饼,秃or鸣,抖is滔c膏al缠le次d,释e责tc辆.毯”叹;3)董co内nt渐ra蹄st益:语wo完rd石sli扭ke衰“碰al誓th配ou啊gh忆,睛bu厘t,肉w难hi央le和”,湖“侦in蔑st军ea网d,ye苏t”,你“甚on煮t币heot拍he父rha这nd衰,暂on阿t叹he挤c厘on疾tr粒ar穴y”竿,慢or甩o唇th贴erli紫nk嫌in沸g扔wo奸rd周s片fo芽r南co般nt维ra堤st烛.片段敬二T:Wh放atre摊ad疫in隔g豆st筝ra瓦te亩gydi喷d巩yo挖u滩us腿e?旧H泊owdo陆w孕eus僚ua下ll初y忧us泼eit熔i夸n臂re禁ad煤in乓g参pr羡ac方ti渐ce吐?2.阅读尊策略竿的培煤养并险不止俗步于各课堂吴教学冠，它妥需要猾课外贯及时并的应践用和竞巩固1.阅读番策略章的培置养并恒不是盒说教协，它排是阅贵读中物润物稻细无纱声的倘体验五、扛教学旧反思In疼a姿d滚if沈fe江re难nt约l祖ig佣htWh宅en涉I键w仰as饶y简ou妄ng扯,剥we麻l短iv陡ed围i婶n疏an勤o棵ld弓w若oo减de驱n穗ho殿us铜e商in准a言s膝ub荐ur扇b肠of桑L颜im伴ba已ng触,质a西sm冈al钥l戴to宽wn邻i玩n载No申rt暑he桐rn往S英ar术aw倾ak弃,钞Ma让la妈ys混ia肌.承Th跳e造ti攻ny绵c万ol面le有ct株io澡n渠of霉r咱oo浴ms辩i窝ns渗id益e偿co顾ul早d涌ha富rd萄ly哥c刑on毙ta涝in剂o哗ur乒f筛am吸il麦y野—伏Fa跨th超er粮,皂Mo嫂th挂er贷a筐nd惰e承le登ve宗n症ch项il商dr树en咱.I凭wa至s没th护e否se陵co样nd圣e仰ld航es篮t.背W电e麻ch妄il胶dr着en抄o钉ft叫en马r扒an敬a愁bo躲ut室,修an吃d插wh蛋en讲w记e唐go胳t害to偿o支no校is吴y,棕t总he齿w屠ho桂le拼h杏ou医se汉s棕ho怎ok交.省“T伴he饺h迎ou纯se咏i炒s范go检in冲g城to奇f炎al玻l碗do然wn茧!”平m研y峰mo竹th薄er皆w盈ou冤ld纳y收el挎l涌at妖u变s.We坐s科ee薄me洒d厕to季a殿lw顶ay顶s角li友ve树i袋n承th俱e努da诵rk痛.计Th筐e香ne驻ar则by奶t理re锐es纯b史lo结ck优ed闷o注ut膝m况uc佛h精of株t各he斩s漆un规li框gh喘t跌du静ri巨ng声t俯he科d暑ay鄙.仅Th败e杠ni多gh湿ts厕w蓬er骗e活al双wa腊ys绪a伙t赢er候ri科bl赵e任ti排me假.侨Th哗at纠w修as静t胸he虏1羽95烟0s核a探nd栗e绿ar弟ly盯1从96廊0s汇,线an殊d盘we拥h筑ad跪n适o惩el离ec毯tr完ic洲it葵y.威W鹅e布li俭t络ke困ro减se近ne纪l鞭am悔ps羽(煤油),往w蕉hi淡ch绑g钢av作e抹on视ly角d奥im虾l腊ig萄ht度.As驾l炭it宏tl贯e购ch征il晋dr坏en魄,原we削w州er号e眨so舌me缓ti笑me划s剥ju险st榴a旁fr葛ai纵d散of纸t突he酿d题ar运k,绣a躬nd肠M原ot轿he桶r胃wo絮ul捡d茂as筝k倘in霜a纠f蚂ea果rf厅ul估v淡oi剧ce于,歇"W声hy昨a围re棵y眯ou糕s浸o斗af渴ra宴id秃?您Wh摘at疏d摔o拜yo跪u相se侨e?搭"耕Al刺th庸ou即gh涌w窄e普sa弦w汪no弟th旨in判g,运h喘er闸q晴ue斩st智io覆ns段m设ad帝e竿us伟e败ve役n买mo狸re城f浑ri所gh宏te译ne杨d.Th夺eyar袖ou方se除d视in抗u闹s草fe舟ar虏o挂f岁me毕et福in垒g唤a摆gh灰os刷t.Re渠ad轨t届he浇f周ol枝lo弱wi规ng旨p齐as膛sa肥ge锄a痒nd趣a任ns它we怨r驻th桃e嚼qu理es葵ti香on典s.Ou找r蒙fr顽ie找nd却s,暑p剩ro雨ba牢bl困y粥af法ra份id饲o渡f饲th俘e烘da腰rk迫,榨ug皂ly望a剃pp龟ea话ra愚nc葱e傻of离t报he郊h敲ou非se卡,叼ra测re粉ly畏c要am来e捕ov泄er苗t无o俘pl下ay剧.疯My浑s陷is饰te词rs雹,捕br撤ot巩he牛rs寨a链nd需I屯p荣re浙fe专rr带ed眨t程o担pl惯ay墓f填oo各tb驶al轨l叔in摊a泡b胜ig喜g学ra观ss低f肾ie膛ld道i主n刊th葱e芝ce稼nt俩re睁o调f恰to远wn台.密As纯i埋t区tu农rn味ed搭d难ar奥k,投w酬e凑wo坟ul白d甜re炮lu肌ct备an偿tl博y市re教tu许rn肯h泳om切e许wi裂th凯a帆f须ee腿li膜ng更o头f市fe竭ar清.块We粥w重ou娘ld同h秧an束g茂ou给t水th串er颜e派un亩ti焦l封th弓e节la母st志m倾om任en自t.By属t吧he炒t斗im贝e注I哨wa酿s幼a帆te望en动ag正er葡,护my滥f包ea学rs牧h叼ad纲b透ee裙n耳re阴pl设ac声ed糟b逐y撑fe盟el筹in敲gs汤o无f晴di守ss闭at座is励fa折ct尾io薯n扫an剑d特an裤ge手r.版I墓b除eg灾an帝t恼o户en材vy河a况ll摇m窗y污fr积ie拨nd伞s.岛T摸he江y蛾ha敢d姑ni圈ce榜r惹ho协me碗s勺bu旅t您we俱d速id软n’江t借ev减en庙h桂av贩e京a压ba暂th昏ro墙om拌.Wh浓en害I拢w东as栏i微n耕my橡m安id蝴-t闲ee季ns门,洋we粉g绞ot院e院le逝ct践ri逃ci疏ty泛.渗Th虎e貌li半vi愁ng捆r嫩oo俊m,绝t博he评b叹ed摇ro寇om配s阿an挑d戴ki桐tc科he甘n佩ea沉ch喂h冰ad伐a潜l称ig升ht兴b挠ul址b.著S侦ti捞ll盘,炮I逼co绢ul径d足se栋e偶no晓th悠in带g雁mu智ch僵t吹o厌ap策pr颗ec具ia投te侧a示bo朴ut锻m脚y啊ho若me耐.佩To若m电e,底i哪t汗wa赖s搁ug浪ly忍.Th将en歌,弓wh有en维I外w用as陈s闷ix摄te桌en继,另so漠me悦t运ea源ch僻er冶s柄fr绘om扒m苗y屠sc夸ho诊ol详c辽am震e快to雕v胸is伙it孙.动As蹄m代y退ar兔t访te捧ac堆he芒r,汇M寸r隙Ho扰,夕en皆te竹re游d,躬h精e佩sa护id荐,速"R估eb嚷ec鸦ca绢,壁yo叔ur翻h愚om颜e哀is像s朝it教ua寺te虎d都in仗s揉uc跪h漏a严be密au汽ti另fu泡l旅se跑tt荣in昌g.菊I厨h蹄ad谅t胀o道st眉op蜻a将nd桶a林dm存ir劳e水it茄f拥ro杠m葵yo冈ur贴r勿oa隔d.眠A奇ll胖t咏ho盾se崭t斧re肝es或m屋ak宣e疮it饭l脸oo聚k辽pi即ct沟ur遗es涛qu损e.归"Su依dd裙en穴ly搂,德I序sa沈w间my妈h场ou太se师i膊n恒a痒di推ff辰er乞en扇t蚀li尸gh梢t远—施fr丹om为M总r省Ho轿's竹a瓜rt盏is扰ti耕c摸po铲in饼t嫂of漠v勉ie探w.纵I度h说ad席n澡ot摸t梦ho镰ug狠ht两o灯f工it行b翅ef捧or席e.Ap狠pl熊yIn番a剑d粘if左fe道re偷nt野l付ig剥ht1.Ho效w壤ma匆ny滑p概ar心ts穷d多oe齐s妨th寒e遍te与xt辉c割on骆si参st扒o败f?2.悲W纠as锯t震he盗h驶ou旧se绝b暂ig凭e喜no典ug劳h盐to衫h漠ol塌d乡丰th膝e捉wr婚it僵er垒a储nd鹿h聚er旧f涂am坦il鹊y?3.悦A狮cc罚or是di音ng彼t帅o锹th烟e嫂pa券ss覆ag岸e,薄w尼ha船t去wa镜s掩th阴e楼wr妇it招er网’s领m仪ot喜he垮r’写s秆ma碎in狂c材on惰ce专rn票w递he识n肌he李r位ch粱il嫁dr贡en傲“善go镰t茧to匠o运no盼is芝y”？4.念D呈id盯t元he梅w肿ri数te逮r坊co扒me脾t驴o跪ap案pr路ec兼ia馋te途h集er框h续ou阶se该a影ft决er斯t店he挡y押ha常d泄el枪ec完tr华ic呆it蹦y?5.Ca碑n恰yo亏u尺fi杂nd仿a约w摆or扬d佳to慢r箭ep顾la候ce把t柏heun岭de甜rl升in挽edwo帽rd“r把el速uc弯ta领nt诉ly”?6.进W阴ha负