2021届高考英语复习-定语从句

2021届高考英语复习-定语从句1.复习。请指出下列句子的基本句型结构和划线部分所属的成分。1.ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.2.ThesmartboyisHarryPotter.3.Thebookboughtbymymotherinterestsme.4.Themanrunningontheplaygroundisadoctor.5.Thebookwhichwasboughtbymymotherinterestsme.6.Themanwhoisrunningontheplaygroundisadoctor.7.He,whoismyEnglishteacher,isrespectable.总结：定语：用来修饰，限定，说明名词或代词的品质与特征。定语从句：在复合句中，用来修饰___________或___________的从句被称之为定语从句。定语从句位于所修饰的词之后。2.定语从句的构成要素。___________:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。引导词：引导定语从句的关系词，包括关系代词与关系副词。关系代词指代在从句中的成分who人宾语人／物主语／宾语which人／物定语关系副词指代在从句中的成分时间地点原因原因状语练习.请找出下列句子的定语从句，先行词，引导词以及引导词在从句中所充当的成分。1.ThisisatruckwhichismadeinChina.2.IlikethecitythatIvisitedlastyear.3.ThebookwhosecoverisblueiswrittenbyJaneAusten.4.Ishowgreatrespectforthosewhoarereadytohelpothers.5.Theboywhotheteacherispunishingismyyoungerbrother.6.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathefellillsuddenly.7.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmethim.8.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.9.IwillneverforgetthedaysthatIspentwithyou.10.Ilikethecitywheremygrandparentslive.3.关系副词与介词＋关系代词的互换。when=on/in/during/at...+which关系副词:where=on/in/at/to...+whichwhy=forwhich如：1.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmethim.=IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.2.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.=________________________________________________________.3.Ilikethecitywheremygrandparentslive.=_________________________________________________________.4.who,whom,which与that的用法区别。a.相同点：当who,whom,which,that为从句中的宾语，且前面没有介词时，都可____________。b.只能用that不能用which的情况：①先行词被序数词（thefirst/second...）或形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时，只能用that.③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时,只能用that.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,只能用that.⑤主句已有who或which时,只能用that.⑥当先行词同时指人和物时,只能用that.c.在非限制性定语从句中，指物只能用which，不能用that,并且which的先行词可以是前面的整句话，译为“这”。d.关系代词前有介词时，指人只能用whom，指物只能用which.练习1：请给下列句子填上正确的关系词。1.Theroom,________therearemanybooksismine.分析：主句：_______________________，从句：_________________________先行词：___________,引导词在从句中的成分:____________,所以填___________.2.All________isneededisasupplyofoil.分析：主句：_______________________，从句：_________________________先行词：___________,引导词在从句中的成分:____________,所以填___________.3.HeusuallysurfstheInternet,_______hecanfindavarietyofinformation.分析：主句：____________________________，从句：____________________________先行词：___________,引导词在从句中的成分:____________,所以填___________.4.He,______parentsaredead,leadsamiserablelife.分析：主句：________________________，从句：__________________________先行词：___________,引导词在从句中的成分:____________,所以填___________.5.Theteacher,for______youarewaitinghascome.分析：主句：_______________________，从句：_________________________先行词：___________,引导词在从句中的成分:____________,所以填___________.6.Thegentleman________youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.分析：主句：_______________________，从句：_________________________先行词：___________,引导词在从句中的成分:____________,所以填___________.7.Itisthemostboringfilm______Ihaveeverseen.分析：主句：_______________________，从句：_________________________先行词：___________,引导词在从句中的成分:____________,所以填___________.8.Canyoutellmethereason________heisasent?分析：主句：_______________________，从句：_________________________先行词：___________,引导词在从句中的成分:____________,所以填___________.9.Doyoubelievethereason________heexplained.分析：主句：_______________________，从句：_________________________先行词：___________,引导词在从句中的成分:____________,所以填___________.10.Theycelebratedtheday_________theircompanywasfoundedin1998.分析：主句：_______________________，从句：_________________________先行词：___________,引导词在从句中的成分:____________,所以填___________.练习2：请用定语从句翻译下列句子。1.我永远也忘不了我们一起度过的那段美好的时光。主句：_________________________从句：_______________________2.他已经被清华大学所录取，这让他的父母非常的兴奋。主句：________________________从句：________________________3.这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影之一。主句：___________________________从句：_________________________4.他们上周所呆的旅店坐落在这个城市的中心。主句：___________________________从句：____________________________5.自助者天助之。主句：____________________________从句：______________________________动词分词作定语和定语从句的转换请指出下列句子的定语成分。1.Thebookboughtbymymotherinterestsme.2.Themanrunningontheplaygroundisadoctor.3.ThegirltalkingtomyteacherisMary.4.TheboycalledTomismybestfriend.5.Chinaisacountrybelongingtodevelopingcountries.总结：a.动词过去分词作定语表示与被修饰的词为____________关系，并且还表示完成；动词现在分词作定语表示与被修饰的词为____________关系，或正在进行。b.分词作定语的短语可以转换成一个定语从句。如：1)Thebookboughtbymymotherinterestsme.=Thebook____________wasboughtbymymotherinterestsme.2)Themanrunningontheplaygroundisadoctor.=Theman_____________isrunningontheplaygroundisadoctor.3)ThegirltalkingtomyteacherisMary.=Thegirl__________________________________isMary.4)TheboycalledTomismybestfriend.=Theboy____________________________________ismybestfriend.5)Chinaisacountrybelongingtodevelopingcountries.Chinaisacountry___________belongstodevelopingcountries.注：有些doing作定语只是指主动，不一定指正在进行，所以转换时需注意。练习：句型转换。1.IamdelightedtoreceiveyourletterinvitingmetoyourhometownforChristmas.=__________________________________________________________________.2.Theyplantobuildahighwaywhichleadstothemountainousarea.=__________________________________________________________________.3.TheYungangCaves,whichwasbuiltduringNorthernWeiDynasty,isoneofthemostvaluableculturalrelicsintheworld.=_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.4.Theamberroomdecoratedwithgoldandjewelstooktheartiststenyearstomake.=_________________________________________________________________.5.TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.=________________________________________________________________.状语1.状语的定义和作用：状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随，比较等。2.状语的形式和位置:a.状语的形式很多样，可以是副词（短语）、介词短语、分词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、状语从句等。如：1)Let'sgohome.（____________作状语）2)Iftranslatedwordbyword,thesentencewillbemeaningless.如果逐字翻译，这个句子就没有意义。(_____________作状语)3)Shesattheredoingnothing.(___________作状语)4)Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.好鱼居水底。(____________作状语)5)Wegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.(_______________作状语)6)Withtheworkdone,wewenthomehappily.(_____________作状语,done表被动与完成)b.状语的位置很灵活，它可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如：Immediatelyhereplied.（句首）Heimmediatelyreplied.（句中）Herepliedimmediately.（句尾）c.分词和不定式作状语是高考重点考点，所以详细分析一下。分词作状语通常可以表示时间，原因，伴随，条件，让步和结果；动词不定式则用来作目的状语。1)Myfathersatinthelivingroomreadinganewspaper.分析：readinganewspaper为非谓语，作伴随状语，表示这个动作伴随着谓语动作发生，reading表示和主语为_________关系。2)Givenbetterattention,thetreescangrowwell.分析：givenbetterattention为非谓语，作条件状语，表示这个状语是后面那个句子的条件，given表示和主语为_________关系。3)Hisparentsdiedearly,leavinghimhomeless.分析：leavinghimhomeless为非谓语，作__________状语，表示非谓语这个动作是谓语动作的结果,leaving表示与主语为____________关系。4)Notknowinghisaddress,shewenttoapolicemanforhelp.分析：Notknowinghisaddress作____________状语，knowing表示与主语为____________关系。5)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttoplayfootball.分析：havingfinishedhishomework作______________状语，因为havingdone表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作went之前，意为“在完成他的作业之后”，相当于afterfinishinghishomework.6)Beingtired,hecouldn'tfallasleep.分析：beingtired作____________状语，意为“虽然，尽管”，being表示此动作与主语为_____________关系。7)AlecturewillbegivennextweekinourschooltogetthestudentsmorefamiliarwithBritishculture.分析：togetthestudentsmorefamiliarwithBritishculture作____________状语。注1：有时为了表示明确的时间或条件，可在分词前加when,while,if等连词。1)When__________(leave)theairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.当离开机场的时候，她向我们频频招手。2)While___________(wait)forthetrain,IhadalongtalkwithJane.注2：分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语（即与句子的主语不一致），这种结