语法填空词形转换

考点8:词类转换真题再练1.(2015卷I·69)AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit___________(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.修饰动词arranges作状语，用副词。regularly2.(2015卷II·63)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir______(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.在形容词性物主代词后必定用名词。ability3.(2015卷II·65)Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat_______(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.修饰谓语动词giveout，表示“慢慢地散热”,用副词slowly。slowly4.(2015卷II·69)As________(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.在名词前作定语要用形容词。natural5.(2014卷I·62)Theriverwassopollutedthatit________(actual)caughtfireandburned.修饰谓语动词caught，用副词作状语，表示“居然”。6.(2014卷I·70)Justbe________(patience).在系动词be后作表语，要用形容词。actuallypatient7.(2014卷II·50)Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers_________(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.修饰动词became，作状语，用副词。

suddenly思路点拨当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决：1.作主语或宾语用名词形式。如：ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather______(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.(2009广东卷)解析：在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词her后还没有名词，一定是用名词形式，故填choice。choice2.在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some,any,alotof等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用名词形式。如［真题再练］第2题。3.作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式。如［真题再练］第4、6题，分别是作定语和表语。又如：Iconsiderit_______(use)forustouseEnglish-Englishdictionary.解析：句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，所给词在句中作宾补，要用形容词，表示“有益的，有用的”，故填useful。useful4.作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用副词。如［真题再练］第1、3、7题都是修饰动词，用副词。又如：(1)Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas22____________(surprise)helpful.(2014广东卷)解析：句中已有作表语的形容词helpful，要用副词来修饰helpful；由语境句意可知，是指“意外地”有帮助，故填surprisingly。surprisingly(2)________(lucky),hehadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(2015广东卷)解析：空格位于句首，且有逗号隔开，可知是修饰全句，用副词作状语；“有一头每天都产牛奶的母牛”应当是“幸运地”，故填Luckily。Luckily5.当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。如：InAlaska,thewolfalmost____________(appear)afewyearsago,becausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport.解析：主句缺谓语,应填动词，而appear本身就是动词，无需作词性变化，可考虑变词义；由because从句可知，主句意思应是“狼在几年前就差不多消失了”，要用disappear；再由afewyearsago可知，要用一般过去时，故填disappeared。disappeared注意：解题时，既要根据句子结构需要确定词类，又要考虑句意连贯或逻辑通顺。如：Hefailedhismathsexaminationbecauseofhis________(care)work.解析：在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由failed…可知，要填表示否定意义的“careless”(粗心大意的)，意义才通顺。careless考点归纳

在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换仅考查了以下3点：(1)形容词→副词。如［真题再练］的第1、3、5、7四个小题。(2)形容词→名词。如［真题再练］的第2题。(3)名词→形容词。如［真题再练］的第4、6题。但从九年来的广东卷来看，除上述考点外，还考了：(1)动词→名词：choose→choice(2009年)；(2)动词→副词：surprise→surprisingly(2014年)。现将主要考点归纳如下：1.形容词与副词的转换(高频考点)规律总结请写出下列形容词的副词形式1一般直接加lyquick→________;rude→________;wide→________;real→________;careful→________2(辅音字母+)y→ilyeasy→________;angry→________;happy→________;heavy→________;busy→________quicklyrudelywidelyreallycarefullyeasilyangrilyhappilyheavilybusily规律总结请写出下列形容词的副词形式3-ble→-blypossible→_________;probable→_________;terrible→_________;noble→_________;comfortable→____________4(个别)去e加lytrue→_________;whole→_________;gentle→_________;ample→_________;simple→_________simplypossiblyprobablyterriblynoblycomfortablytrulywhollygentlyamply规律总结请写出下列形容词的副词形式5ic结尾加ally basic→__________;classic→__________;magic→__________;optimistic→____________;scientific→____________;但public→____________basicallyclassicallymagicallyoptimisticallyscientificallypublicly规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式1+almusic→musical;person→________;nation→________;centre→_______;practice→_________2ture→turalnature→natural;culture→________;agriculture→____________;architecture→____________2.名词与形容词的转换architecturalpersonalnationalcentralpracticalculturalagricultural规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式3ics→icalpolitics→political;physics→_________;mathematics→_____________;statistics→___________4+erneast→eastern;west→_________;south→_____________;north→_________;southwest→_________physicalmathematicalstatisticalwesternsouthernnorthernsouthwestern规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式5+ibleaccess→accessible;horror→__________;terror→__________6+fulsuccess→successful;power→__________;peace→__________;mercy→__________;beauty→__________horribleterriblemercifulpeacefulbeautifulpowerful规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式7+ishfool→foolish;self→________;child→________8+ousdanger→dangerous;anxiety→________;ambition→__________;curiosity→________;humor→__________selfishchildishanxiousambitiouscurioushumorous规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式9ance→antimportance→important;significance→___________;distance→_________10ence→entabsence→absent;silence→_______;difference→__________;convenience→__________significantdistantsilentdifferentconvenient规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式11ency→entfluency→fluent;efficiency→________;emergency→________;urgency→________12+lyfriend→friendly;day→________;time→________;man→________;mother→________efficientemergenturgentdailytimelymanlymotherly规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式13ble→bilityable→ability;responsible→______________;possible→___________;flexible→___________14+y;去e，+y;双写，+yhealth→healthy;sleep→___________;difficult→___________;noise→___________;sun→___________responsibilitypossibilityflexibilitysleepydifficultynoisysunny规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式15adj.+ness→n. weak→weakness;kind→__________;ill→__________;sad→__________;happy→__________16adj.+th→n.strong→strength;long→__________;wide→__________;warm→__________;true→__________

kindnesssadnesshappinesslengthwidthwarmthtruthillness规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式17ate→acyaccurate→accuracy;private→_________;adequate→_________18其他各类free→freedom;wise→________;cruel→________;safe→________;tire→________;trouble→__________;history→__________;science→________;brave→________;short→________privacyadequacytroublesomecrueltysafetytiresomehistoric(al)scientificbraveryshortagewisdom3.动词与名词的转换规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式

1+ationexpect→expectation;present→_____________;注意：explain→_____________2去e，+ationinvite→invitation;educate→__________;examine→_____________;prepare→_____________;pronounce→_______________presentationexplanationeducationexaminationpreparationpronunciation规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式

3去e，+tionproduce→production;introduce→_____________；注意：describe→___________4去e，+iondevote→devotion;pollute→____________;contribute→____________;revise→____________introductiondescriptionpollutioncontributionrevision规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式

5+ionact→action;attract→__________;protect→__________;suggest→__________；注意：intend→__________discuss→__________;express→__________;possess→__________;impress→__________attractionprotectionsuggestionintentiondiscussionexpressionpossessionimpression规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式

6去t/d/de，+sionadmit→admission;permit→___________;extend→__________;conclude→____________;divide→__________7+ance；去e，+anceappear→appearance;perform→_____________;acquaint→_____________;guide→__________

permissionextensionconclusiondivisionperformanceacquaintanceguidance规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式

8+enceexist→existence;prefer→____________;refer→____________;differ→____________;depend→____________9+mentachieve→achievement;agree→____________;announce→______________;develop→________________;encourage→____________encouragement

developmentagreementdependencedifferencereferencepreferenceannouncement规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式

10去e，+al arrive→arrival;approve→___________;survive→___________;refuse→___________11+urefail→failure;press→___________;depart→___________;mix→___________approvalsurvivalrefusalpressuredeparturemixture规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式

12+y recover→recovery;discover→_________13其他choose→choice;vary→_________;tend→_________;advise→_________;apologize→_________;classify→_____________;grow→_________discoveryvarietyclassificationadviceapologygrowthtendency4.动词与形容词的转换规律总结请写出下列动词的形容词形式，或形容词的动词形式1+ablesuit→suitable;admire→__________;rely→__________;comfort→____________;reason→__________2+fuldoubt→doubtful;harm→__________;hope→__________;care→__________;use→__________admirablereliablecomfortablereasonableharmfulhopefulcarefuluseful规律总结请写出下列动词的形容词形式，或形容词的动词形式3+iveact→active;attract→___________;impress→___________;create→___________4+aryimagine→___________imaginaryattractiveimpressivecreative规律总结请写出下列动词的形容词形式，或形容词的动词形式5adj.+en→v.deep→deepen;wide→________;less→________;worse→________6en+adj.→v.large→enlarge;rich→________;able→________;noble→________widenlessenworsenenrichenableennoble5.表示否定的前缀与后缀规律总结请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语1dis+advantage→disadvantage;agree→_________;appear→_________;cover→_________disagreedisappeardiscover规律总结请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语2il/m/nlegal→illegal;polite→__________;patient→__________;convenient→__________3mis+understand→misunderstand;lead→___________;direct→___________;trust→___________

impoliteimpatientinconvenientmisleadmisdirectmistrust规律总结请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语4un+able→unable;fair→___________;fit→___________;fortunate→___________;usual→___________5+lesshope→hopeless;end→_________;stain→_________;taste→_________;use→_________

unfairunfitunfortunateunusualendlessstainlesstastelessuseless6.表示人的后缀规律总结请写出下列表示人的名词

1+ersing→singer;teach→__________;strange→__________;village→__________;employ→__________2+oract→actor;invent→__________;educate→__________;visit→__________;conduct→__________teacherstrangervillageremployerinventoreducatorvisitorconductor规律总结请写出下列表示人的名词3+eeemploy→employee;interview→___________;pay→___________;absent→___________4+essact→actress;wait→___________;host→___________;steward→___________;god→___________intervieweepayeeabsenteewaitresshostessstewardessgoddess规律总结请写出下列表示人的名词5+eseChina→Chinese;Japan→__________;Burma(缅甸)→__________;Vietnam→____________6+nAsia→Asian;America→___________;Australia→___________;India→___________;Korea→___________

JapaneseBurmeseVietnameseAmericanAustralianIndianKorean规律总结请写出下列表示人的名词7+ianmusic→musician;history→_________;library→_________;physics→__________;politics→________8+istart→artist;novel→________;tour→________;cycle→________;science→________historianlibrarianphysicianpoliticiannovelisttouristcyclistscientist规律总结请写出下列表示人的名词9+antassist→assistant;account→___________;consult→____________;apply→__________;serve→__________10+arlie→liar;beg→_______beggaraccountantconsultantapplicantservant考点练透1.Actually,I_________(agree)withyouoverthismatter.Ihavemyownview.2.Thebenefitsand______________

(advantage)ofabilitygroupingcanbelistedasfollows.3.WhatI________

(like)mostaboutthismovieisthattherearetoomanyrudegestures.

disagree

disadvantagesdislike4.Iwillnotmakefriendswitha________(honest)person.5.___________(fortune)nevercomesingly.Badthingshappenedtohimoneafteranother.6.IamsorryI_____________(understand)whatyousaid.dishonestMisfortunesmisunderstood7.Itiswrongto_______(use)ournaturalresources.8.Itwasimportantforyouto________(write)theessaytopolishitaccordingtotheeditor’ssuggestion.9.Planshavebeenputforwardtopulldownand________(build)thearea.misuse

rewriterebuild10.Thevillageisfarawayfromthecounty,andtheyfindit____________(convenient)ifbusesarenotavailable.11.Agoodeducationisthebestwaytosuccessand_____________(dependence).12.YouwillbefinedifyousmokeinpublicinHongKongbecauseitis________(legal)todoso.inconvenientindependenceillegal13.Inmostcountries,itis________(polite)toaskaboutotherpeople’sincome.14.Itwas__________(possible)foranyonetogetinbecausenooneknewthepassword.15.Hegot__________(patient)asthefirsthourpassedandthenanother.impatient

impoliteimpossible16.Shewastakentohospitalsufferingfroman__________

(regular)heartbeat.17.Sheisnoteasytogetalongwith.Ifindherverycooland___________(friendly).18.Tomostyoungchildren,beinglaughedatbyothersisan___________

(pleasant)experience.irregularunfriendly

unpleasant19.Hewas__________(happy)becauseofhisseparationfromhismother.20.Wehavesome__________(finished)businesstosettle.21.Ifyouare__________(willing)togo,don’thesitatetosayno.unhappyunfinishedunwilling22.Untillastyearhewasstillan________

(known)singer,butnowheisverypopularwithyoungpeople.23.Shefailedto_______

(lock)thesafeinspiteofallherefforts,sosheaskedhimtohelpheropenit.24.Youwillsoonknowthewholethingbecausethefactsstartto_______(fold)beforeus.unknown

unlockunfold25.Itwasan____________(believable)momentwhenChriswonthegoldmedal.26.ManycitiesinChinanowhavedirector__________(stop)flightstoBeijing.27.Wemust_______(large)ourviewsbyreading.unbelievablenon-stop

enlarge28.Pollutedwaterandaircould________(danger)people’slives.29.Hewasabsentfroman___________(national)conferenceinGeneva.30.Someofthe_________(village)hadnotedthenumberofthetruck.endangerinternationalvillagers31.Over300___________(compete)frommorethan80countriescompetedintheGames.32.Thenumberofforeign_______(visit)rosefrom23,480in2009to116,209in2013.33.Today___________(science)petitorsvisitorsscientists34.Theaudiencewarmlyclappedtowelcometheworld-famous________(violin),oneofthebestintheworld.35.Thebossofthecompanyisawoman,andmostofher_________(employ)arealsowomen.36.Hehasastrongdesiretobecomea________(music),soheworkshard.violinist

employeesmusician37.PeopleinChinadon’tlikehuggingeachotherwhenmeeting,whichisacommonpracticeinsomeother________(Europe)countries.38.Thecoupleandtheirtwochildrenliveinan_______(Asia)communityinSanFrancisco.39.She’saverygreatdramatic_______(act)and________(direct).EuropeanAsianactressdirector40.Asthewageswerelow,therewerefew__________(apply)forthejob.41.The________(speak)onthestagedidn’tknowthatthe________(speak)ontheleftdidn’tseemtobeworking.42.Itisimportanttoknowyourown________(strong)and__________(weak).applicants

speakerspeakerstrengthsweaknesses43.However,moneydoesn’talwaysbring__________(happy)topeople.44.Wearereadytofaceany__________(hard).45.Nowadaysborrowingmoneyisthequickestwaytoendagood___________(friend).happiness

hardshipfriendship46.Justastheoldsayinggoes,_________(honest)isthebestpolicy.47.Heexperiencedgreat___________(difficult)ingettingavisatoleavethecountry.48.Theyshowgreat__________(anxious)abouttheirretirementallowance.

honestydifficulty

anxiety49.It’sveryimportanttoteachthechildrenaboutroad_______(safe).50.Wemustacceptthe___________(possible)thatwemightbewrong.51.Idon’tthinkyouaretellingmethewhole______(true)aboutwhathappened.

safetypossibilitytruth52.Hewastouchedbythe_________(warm)oftheirwelcome.53.Thelawstatesthateveryonehasthe_________(free)topractisetheirownreligion.54.Withknowledgeand_________(wise),theoldmanisrespectedandlovedbythepeople.

warmthfreedomwisdom55.Theprogramwillbeof____________(significant)intheprocess.56.Toavoidunexpectedaccidents,weshouldemphasizethe____________(important)ofcarefuldriving.57.Theworkrequiredgreat__________(patient).significanceimportance

patience58.TheFrenchgovernmentcalledforanendtothe_________(violent).59.Hewasawardedforhis__________(brave)inthebattle.60.Wediscussedshorteningthe________(long)ofthecourse.lengthviolence

bravery61.Veniceisoneofthegreattourist__________(attract)intheworld.62.Hehasmadeanimportant__________(contribute)tothesuccessoftheproject.63.Mr.Smithisthepresidentofalargeinternational____________(organize).attractionscontributionorganization64.Shewillgiveafull__________(explain)ofthe________(decide)tousonMonday.65.Herperfect____________(pronounce)attractedeveryonepresent.66.Theychargedfor__________(admit)sowecan’tenterwithout__________(permit).explanationdecisionpronunciation

admissionpermission67.In___________(conclude),weshouldliketothankallthosewhohaveworkedsohardfortheproject.68.Shelikesfilmsthathaveahappy________(end).69.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasant_____________(surround).

conclusionending

surroundings70.Successisnotfinaland________(fail)isnotfatal.Itisthecouragetocontinuethatcounts.71.Ifeltagreatsenseof___________(achieve)whenIreachedthetopofthemountain.72.Hecelebratedthe_________(arrive)oftheNewYearwithapartyforhisfriends.failure

achievement

arrival73.Theissuehascausedheatedpolitical___________(argue).74.Inagood__________(marry),bothhusbandandwifeworkhardtosolveanyproblemsthatarise.75.Thewomanplayerwillmakehersecondpublic___________(appear)thisSaturday.argumentmarriageappearance76.Canyoutellmewhattherealreasonforyour__________(absent)was?77.Hemadean__________(apologize)tousforhis__________(rude)tous.78.Sheactedinthe_______(believe)thatshewasdoinggood.absenceapology

rudeness

belief79.Findajobandendyour__________(depend)onyourparents.80.Theywere__________(success)inwinningthecontract.81.Hegavea___________(humour)accountoftheirtriptoTibet.

dependence

successfulhumourous82.Itcanbe__________(benefit)toshareyour_______(feel)withsomeoneyoutrust.83.Theyexportedcornandother____________(agriculture)productstoothercountries.84.Myfriendwas_________(hunger),sowedrovetoashoppingmalltogetsomefood.

beneficialfeelingsagricultural

hungry85.________(sugar)canneddrinksrotyourteeth.86.Noisehasalwaysbeenthemost

____________

(trouble)probleminprospectingearthquakes.87.HehastwobigroundChinese_______

(wood)tables.Sugary

troublesomewooden88.Ten-year-oldsareincredibly________(energy).89.Hehasdevotedallhiswholelifeto__________(science)research.90.Hecouldnotaccountforhis________(fool)mistake.foolish

energeticscientific91.Thereisnodoubtthatheisa_______(rely)person.92.Hereareafew_________(value)tipsthatwillhelpyoukeepfit.93.Thegovernmenthastaken_________(effect)measurestolessentheriskofinflation.

reliablevaluableeffective94.Thismovieisso___________(impress)thatwecan’thelpcrying.95.Itisnot___________(surprise)thatchildrenlearntoreadatdifferentrates.96.Allchildrenarefondof__________(entertain)gamesandideasaswellasfilms.

impressivesurprising

entertaining97.Shewasmuch__________(deligh