2023年航空缩略语(英文)

千里之行，始于足下让知识带有温度。第第2页/共2页精品文档推荐航空缩略语(英文)AirGlossary（航空缩略语）

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A

AAC-ArmyAirCorps

AAIB-AirAccidentInvestigationBranchoftheDepartmentoftheEnvironment,TransportandtheRegions.

aae-aboveaerodromeelevation.Alsoseeaal.

aal-aboveaerodromelevel.Alsoseeaae.

abinitio-elementaryflyingtraining,literally'fromthebeginning',.

abmabeam-anaircraftisabeamapointwhenthatpointisatninetydegreesleftorrightoftheaircraft'strack,buttermusuallyusedtoindicateageneralpositionratherthanaspecificpoint.

a/c-aircraft.

ACARS-AircraftCommunicationAdressingandReportingSystem.

AC-alternatingcurrent.

ACC-AreaControlCentre.AndACZAerodromeControlZone.SeeATZbelow.

ACMS-aircraftconditionmonitoringsystem.

ACR-aerodromecontrolradar.

accelerate-stopdistance-calculateddistancerequiredforanaircrafttoacceleratetoV1(whichsee),rejecttake-offandbrakesafelytoahalt.

A/D-aerodrome.

AD-AirworthinessDirective,issuedbyairworthinessauthoritiestocorrectadefectfoundinanaircrafttypeaftercertification.Complianceismandatoryandmayberequiredimmediatelyandbeforefurtherflight,withinaspecifiedperiodoftimeornumberofflyinghours,orwhennextdueforroutinemaintenance.

ADA-Advisoryaispace-AdvisoryAreaorAdvisoryRoute.

ADC-airdatacomputer.

ADELT-automaticallydeployableemergencylocatortransmitter.

ADF-automaticdirectionfinder/finding.Radiocompasswhichgivesarelativebearingtothenon-directionalradiobeacontowhichitistuned.

ADI-attitudedeviationindicator.Anadvancedtypeofartificialhorizon,partofaflightdirectorsystemprovidingpitchandrollinformationandcommands.

ADIZ-AirDefenceIdentificationZone.Anareaofairspaceextendingupwardsfromthesurface,usuallyalonganationalboundary,withinwhichidentificationofallaircraftisrequiredintheinterestsofnationalsecurity.

ADR-AccidentDataRecorder.

ADS-AutomaticDependenceSurveillance.

ADT-ApprovedDepartureTime.

AEF-AerodromesEnvironmentalFederation.

AEW-Airborneearlywarning

Aerad-UK-publishedflightguideandnavigationalchartsystem.

aerodrome/airportelevation-highestpointofanaerodrome'susablerunway(s)expressedinfeetabovemeansealevel(amsl).

AFB-airforcebase,usuallyU.S.orCanadian.

AFCS-automaticflightcontrolsystem,anadvancedautopilot.AlsoIFCS,integratedflightcontrolsystem.

AFDS-Autopilotandflightdirectorsystem.

AFI-assistantflyinginstructor.AlsoAFIC,assistantflyinginstructorcourse,FIC,flyinginstructorcourse.

AFIS-AerodromeFlightInformationService,providinginformationto,butnotcontrolof,aircraftusingthataerodrome.

AFIS(O)-AerodromeFlightInformation

Service(Officer)

AFS-AerodromeFireService.

AFS-AeronauticalFixedService-telephone/teleprinternetwork,includesAFTN.

AFS-autoflightsystem.

AFTN-AeronauticalFixedTelecommunicationsNetwork.Aground-basedteleprinternetworktransmittingflightplans,weatherinformationetc.

AGO-air-to-groundoperator

A/G-air-to-ground.

agl-abovegroundlevel.

AHRS-attitude-headingreferencesystem.Asensorderivingaircraftattitudeandheadinginformationfromgyrosandaccelerometers.

AIAA-areaofintenseaerialactivity,usuallymilitary.

AIC-AeronauticalInformationCircular.BulletinsissuedatintervalsbytheCAArelatingtomattersofairworthiness,administration,operatingprocedures,safetyetc.AICsarecolour-codedaccordingtosubject,e.g.safetycircularsarepink,thus'Pink12'issuedinDecember1990.

AIDS-Airborneintegrateddatasystem.

AIP-AeronauticalInformationPublication.TheUKAirPilot,statutorybibleofaeronauticalinformationpublishedbytheCAA.

Airep-formforreportingpositionandMetconditionsinflight.

Airmet-CAA'stelephoneaviationweatherservice,coveringSouthern,NorthernandScottishregionsoftheUK.AlsoMetdialandMetplan,privately-operatedaviationweatherservices.ForfulldetailsseePilot,February1991.

AIS-AeronauticalInformationService.CAAunitbasedatLondon-HeathrowAirport,providingflight-planningservicesandinformationforpilots.PublishesAICs,above.

AIZ-AerodromeInformationZone.SeeATZbelow.

ALERFA-alertphaseofsearch-and-rescueprocedure.

alt-altitude.Heightabovesealevel.

alternate-aerodromespecifiedonaflightplantowhichanaircraftchoosestodivertifalandingatitsintendeddestinationisnotpossible(forreasonsofpoorweather,forexample).

altimetersetting-barometricpressurereadinginmillibars,hectopascalsor(inUSA)inchesofmercury(Hg)usedtosetapressurealtimeter'ssub-scaletoQFEorQNH.

AM-Amplitudemodulation.

AME-authorizedmedicalexaminer.AdoctorapprovedbytheCAA(orforeignlicensingauthority)toconductexaminationsfortheissueorrenewalofaircrewmedicalcertificates.

amsl-abovemeansealevel(sometimesaslinUSA).

anhedral-slopingdownfromroottotip.Opposite:dihedral.

ANO-AirNavigationOrder.Statutorylegalinstrumentdefiningthelawsofairnavigation,pilotlicensingetc,intheUK.OtheraviationlegislationincludestheRulesoftheAirandAirTrafficregulationsandtheAirNavigation(General)Regulations

AoA-angleofattack.Alsoalpha,thus'highalpha',highangleofattack.

AOA-AirportOperators'Association.

AOC-AirOperator'sCertificate,issuedbytheCAAandrequiredbyaircraftoperatorsflyingscheduledorcharterpublictransportflights,includingcargo,air-taxiandpleasure-flyingwork.AlsoAirOfficerCo

mmandinginRAFparlance.

AoE-airportofentry(usuallyinUSA).

AOG-aircraftonground,atermusedtodenoteurgencywhenrequestingsparesorservicefromsuppliersormanufacturers,meaningthattheaircraftcannotflyagainuntilthepartshavebeensupplied.

AOPA-AircraftOwnersandPilotsAssociation.

A/P-airportorautopilot.

A

ATCO-airtrafficcontrolofficer..

ATIS-automaticterminalinformationservice,acontinuousrecordedbroadcastofroutinenon-controlairportinformation,usuallyatlargeairports.

ATPL-AirTransportPilot'sLicence,neededtoactaspilot-in-commandofacommercialairtransportaircraftexceeding20,000kgall-upweight.

ATO-assistedtake-offe.g.J(et)or(R)ocketassisted.

ATS-airtrafficservice.AlsoATSU,ATSUnit.

ATSORA-airtrafficservicesoutsideregulatedairspace.

ATC(U)-airtrafficcontrolunit.

ATZ-AerodromeTrafficZone.Anareaofprotectedairspacesurroundinganaerodromeboundedbyacircleof2nmor2.5nmradius(dependingonrunwaylength)centredonthemid-pointofthelongestrunway

.PermissionisrequiredforentryintoandmovementinanATZ.

AUW-all-upweight,atermforthetotalloadedweightofanaircraft,madeupofemptyweightplususefulload;maximumauwisthemaximumallowableweight,includingfuelandpayload,specifiedinanaircraft'sCertificateofAirworthiness.Sometimesreferredto(inUSAespecially)asgrossweightandmaximumgrossweightrespectively.AlsoMTWA,maximumtotalweightauthorised;BOWBasicoperatingweight,theweightofanaircraftwithallequipment,lubricants,fuelandoperatingcrew,butwithoutpayload;MLW,maximumlandingweight,abovewhichfuelmustbeburnedofforjettisonedbeforelandingortheremayberiskofstructuraldamage.

avgas-aviationgasoline,usuallyfollowedbytheoctanerating.Usedbypiston-enginedaircraft.AlsoLL,lowlead.

avtur-aviationturbinefuel(kerosene).Usedbyturbopropsandjets.

AWR-airborneweatherradar.

Awy-airway.

B

BA-BritishAirways

BAA-BritishAirportsAuthority.

BAeA-BritishAerobaticAssociation.

BALPA-BritishAirlinePilotsAssociation.

baseleg-Thecrosswindsegmentofanaerodromecircuitbringingtheaircraftfromthedownwindlegtofinalapproach

BAUA-BusinessAircraftUsersAssociation.

BCAR-BritishCivilAirRequirements.AirworthinessstandardslaiddownbytheCAAforcertificationofaircraftontheUKCivilAircraftRegister.

BCP-breakcloudprocedure.

BCPL-BasicCommercialPilot'sLicence,theminimumqualificationnecessaryintheUKtoreceivepaymentforactingasapilot.AlsoCPL,CommercialPilot'sLicence,andSCPL,SeniorCommercialPilot'sLicence(nolongerissued).

betamode-manually-controlledmodeforCSpropellersonturbopropaircraftenablingreversepitchtobeselectedforbrakingortoaidgroundmanoeuvring.

BFR-BiennialFlightReview(USA).HoldersofU.S.FAAPrivatePilotLicencesmustundergoaflightcheckwithanFAA-approvedexaminereverytwoyears.NoUKequivalent.

BGA-BritishGlidingAssociation.

BHAB-BritishHelicopterAdvisoryBoard.

bhp-brakehorsepower.

BHPA-BritishHang-GlidingandParaglidingAssociation.

Bleedair-Hotcompressedairtakenfromturbineengines.

BMAA-BritishMicrolightAircraftAssociation.

Bottlang-Loose-leafEuopeanairfieldsmanualforVFRoperations.

BRG-bearing,thehorizontaldirectiontoorfromanypointexpressedindegreesofthecompass.

BWPA-BritishWomenPilotsAssociation.

C

C-Celsius(temperature)orcompass.

CAA-CivilAviationAuthority.

CAD/CAM-computer-aideddesign/manufacture.

CAAFU-CivilAviationAuthorityFlyingUnit,basedatStanstedAirport,whichperformssuchtasksasnavaidcheckingandcalibrationandalsoexaminescandidatesforinstrumentratingsandcommercialpilot'slicences.

CANP-CivilAviationNotificationProcedure.Avoluntarysystemwher

ebyciviloperatorsnotifytheirintentiontoflyatlowlevel(atorbelow1,000feetagl,whencrop-sprayingorpowerlineinspectingforexample),aimedatavoidingconflictwithlow-flyingmilitaryaircraft.

CAP-CivilAirPublication.InformationbookletsissuedbytheCAA,e.g.CAP53ThePrivatePilotLicence.

CAS-calibratedairspeed--indicatedairspeedcorrectedforairdensityandcompressibility.

casevac-casualtyevacuation.

CAT-clear-airturbulence.AlsoCATegorywhenreferringtocertaininstrumentlandingsystemswhichrequirespecialaircraftinstrumentation,certificationandpilotqualificationbeyondthoseneededforstandardinstrumentapproaches(e.g.aCATIIICILSpermitsoperationdowntothesurfaceoftherunwaywithoutexternalvisualreference,truezero-zerooperation).

CAVOK-pronouncedCAV-okay(ceilingandvisibilityOK),visibilityatleasttenkilometres,withnocloudbelow5,000feet,withnoCbs,precipitation,thunderstorms,shallowfogorlowdriftingsnow.

CAVU-ceilingandvisibilityunlimited.Cloudless(orscatteredcloud)conditionswithvisibilityinexcessoftenkilometres.

CCF-CombinedCadetForce

CDI-coursedeviationindicator.TheverticalneedleofaVORindicatorwhichshowstheaircraft'spositionrelativetotheselectedVORradial.

CDU-controldisplayunit.

ceiling-heightabovegroundorwaterofthebaseofthelowestlayerofcloudbelow20,000feetwhichcoversmorethanhalfofthesky.Anaircraft'sserviceceilingisthedensityaltitudeatwhichitsmaximumrateofclimbisnogreaterthan100feetperminute.Itsabsoluteceilingisthehighestaltitudeatwhichitcanmaintainlevelflight.

CFI-chiefflyinginstructor(certifiedflyinginstructorinUSA).

CFS-CentralFlyingSchool(RAF)

CG-centreofgravity

CH-compassheading.

Check'A'-athoroughpre-flightinspection-thefirstoftheday.

CHIRP-ConfidentialHumanFactorsIncidentReportingsystem,wherebyprofessionalpilotsandATCstaffmayreportinconfidenceincidentsarisingfromhumanerrorsforanalysisbytheCHIRPCharitableTrustatFarnborough.

CHT-cylinderheadtemperature(gauge).Adevicewhich,bymeansofaprobe(s)givesacockpitreadoutofthetemperatureofoneormoreofanaircraftengine'scylinderheads.

circuit-patternaroundwhichaircraftflywhenarrivingatanairfield,usuallyrectangularinUKbutnotnecessarilyelsewhere.Thecircuit(knownasthepatterninUSA)isalignedwiththeactiverunwayandmaybeeitherleft-orright-handed.Deadsideistheoppositesideofthecircuitpatterninoperationfromwhicharrivingaircraftjoinforlanding.Seealsofinal(s).

C/L-centre-line(ofarunway,forexample).

clamped-colloquialismreferringtoanairportclosedtoairtrafficbybadweather

clean-flaps,slatsandundercarriageretractedandonmilitaryaircraftnoexternalmi

ssilesetc.

clearance-authorizationfromairtrafficcontroltoproceedasrequestedorinstructed.Usedforgroundandairmanoeuvring,thus"clearedfortake-off","clearedflight-plannedroute","clearedtodescend"etc.

Clouds-commonly-usedabbreviationsforcloudtypes:

AC=altocumulus

AS=altostratus

CB=cumulonimbus

CC=cirrocumulus

CI=cirrus

CS=cirrostratus

CU=cumulus

NS=nimbostratus

SC=stratocumulus

ST=stratus

CofA-CertificateofAirworthinessissuedbytheCAAindicatingthatanaircraftmeetstheAuthority'sairworthinessstandards.CsofAareissuedtoindividualaircraft,andalsotogenericaircrafttypes(TypeCertificationintheUSA)whenthefirstexampleofatypeisregistered.CsofAonindividualaircraftaregrantedinseveralcategories,e.g.Private,PublicTransport,AerialWorketc.andmuchberenewedatintervals.PermitstoFlyareauthorisationsgrantedtospecialistaircraftandareaccordinglyrestrictedinthekindsofoperationforwhichtheymaybeused.

CofE-CertificateofExperience,validforprivatepilotlicenceholdersforthirteenmonths,andrenewedbyflighttestorevidenceofcompletingtheminimumrequiredflyingexperienceintheprecedingthirteen-monthperiod.AlsoCofT,certificateoftest.

CofG-centreofgravity.Thepointonanaircraftthroughwhichtheentireaircraft'sweightmaybeassumedtoact(i.e.aroundwhichtheaircraft,ifsuspended,wouldbalance).CofGlimitsarethemostforwardandrearwardpositionsoftheCofGpermittedforsafeoperation.AnaircraftloadedoutsideitsCofGlimitscanbedifficultorimpossibletocontrol.

CofP-centreofpressure,thepointthroughwhichthetotaleffectofliftmaybesaidtoactonanaeroplane.

Com(m)(s)-communication(s)

CPL-CommercialPilot'sLicence

CRorC/R-counter-rotating.Usuallyingeneralaviationreferringtotwin-enginedaircraftwith'handed'engineswhosepropellersturninoppositedirectionstoeliminatepropellertorqueeffect.

CRM-cockpitresourcesmanagement

crosswind(leg)-portionofanaerodromecircuitflownbeforedownwind

CRP-compulsoryreportingpoint.

CRT-cathoderaytube(likeatelevision).Usedinflightdeckdisplaysofnew-generationairliners,businessaircraftandmilitaryjetsinsteadofconventionalinstruments.SeealsoEFIS,.

criticalaltitude-thehighestdensityaltitudeatwhichitispossibletomaintainthemaximumcontinuousratedpowerormanifoldpressureofanaeroengine.

criticalengine-theengineonamulti-enginedaircraftwhosefailurewouldmostseriouslyeffectperformanceorhandlingoftheaircraft,throughasymmetriceffectsorlossofpowertosystemssuchashydraulics.

CRScourse-theintendeddirectionofflightinthehorizontalplaneexpressedindegreesofthecompass.

c/s-callsign.

CS-constant-speed(prope

ller).Avariable-pitchpropellerwhichmaintainsconstantrpmbyautomaticallychangingbladeangle.AlsoCSU,constant-speedunit.

CTA-ControlArea.Anareaofcontrolledairspaceextendingupwardsfromspecifiedlimitagl.

CTR-ControlZone.Anareaofcontrolledairspaceextendingupwardsfromgroundleveltoaspecifiedupperlimit.

CVR-cockpitvoicerecorder.Ataperecorderinstalledontheflightdecksofcommercialtransportaircraftandhelicoptersandsomebusinessaeroplanestorecordcrewconversation,RTtransmissionsandcockpitbackgroundnoises(e.g.trim-wheeloperation,flapmotorrunning)incaserequiredforincidentoraccidentinvestigation.

CW-carrierwaveorcontinuouswave.

CWR-colourweatherradar.

CZ-ControlZone(USA).

CZI-compressorzoneinspection.

D

DA-DangerArea.

DAAIS-DangerAreaActivityInformationService.

DACS-DangerAreaCrossingService.

DADC-Digitalairdatacomputer(DADS-/system).

D&D-Distress&DiversionCellsatAirTrafficControlCentres.RAFunitswhichprovidea24-hourlisteningwatchonVHFandUHFemergencyfrequenciesandcanlocateandassistpilotswhoarelostorinemergencysituations.

dB-decibel(s)-aunitofsound

DC-directcurrent

DCT-direct

deadside-oppositesideofanairfieldcircuitpatternfromwhichaircraftjoinforlanding

deadstick-descentandlandingwithengine(s)shutdownandpropeller(s)stopped.

Decca-hyperbolicareanavigationsystem,originallydevelopedformaritimeuse,basedonsignalsreceivedfromachainofmasterandslavegroundstationslocatedinnorthernEurope.

DEEC-digitalelectronicenginecontrol

densityaltitude-pressurealtitudecorrectedforairtemperature.

derated-engine'spotentialpowerdeliberatelylimited,lengtheninglikelylife.

DETRESFA-distressphaseofsearch-and-rescueoperation.

DF-direction-finding.ADFbearingcanbeprovidedbyairfieldsorotherfacilitiessuchasD&Dcells(above)havingsuitabledirection-findingequipmenttolocateanaircraft.

DG-Directionalgyro

DGAC-DirectionGénéralàl'AviationCivile

DH-decisionheight.Theheightonaprecisionapproachatwhichapilotmusthavetherunwayapproachlightsinsighttocontinuethedescent,orifnot,mustinitiateago-around.

DHFS-UKDefenceHelicopterFlyingSchoolatRAFShawbury

DI-directionindicator.Agyroinstrumentwhichindicatesthemagneticheadingofanaircraft.TheDI,alsoknownasthedirectionalgyro(DG),isfreeoftheturningerrorsassociatedwithmagneticcompassesbutispronetoprecession(wander)andmustberesetagainstthemagneticcompassatintervals.ALSO-

DI-isalsousedtorefertothedailyinspection--athoroughpre-flightcheckofanaircraftpriortothefirstflightoftheday.

dihedral-slopingupfromroottotip.Opposite:anhedral.

D

IN(S)-digitalinterialnavigation(system).

DME-distance-measuringequipment.Acombinationofgroundandairborneequipmentwhichgivesacontinuousslantrangedistance-from-stationreadoutbymeasuringtime-lapseofasignaltransmittedbytheaircrafttothestationandrespondedback.DMEscanalsoprovidegroundspeedandtime-to-stationreadoutsbydifferentiation.

Doppler-Dopplereffect(orshift)isthechangeinfrequencyoflight,radioorsoundwaveswhensourceandreceiverareinrelativemotion.

DoT-DepartmentofTransport.

downwind-Thesegmentofanaerodromecircuitparallelingtheactiverunwayandflownonareciprocalheading

DP-dewpoint

DR-dead(deduced)reckoning.Plottingpositionbycalculatingtheeffectofspeed,course,timeandwindagainstlastknownposition.

dry-whenreferringtoaircrafthirechargesmeans'withoutfuel',asopposedtowet,withfuel.

DZ-droppingzone,forparachutingetc.

E

EAA-ExperimentalAircraftAssociation,theAmericanhomebuilders'organisation.

EADI-electronicattitudedirectorindicator.AnADIwithCRTcockpitdisplayformingpartofanEFIS,below.

EAS-equivalentairspeed.

EAT-estimated(orexpected)approachtime.

EBAA-EuropeanBusinessAircraftAssociation.

ECAC-EuropeanCivilAviationConference.

ECOGAS-EuropeanCouncilofGeneralAviationSupport.

ECU-environmentalcontrolunit.

ED-emergencydistance.

EET-estimatedelapsedtime.

EFAS-electronicflashapproachlightsystem.

EFATO-enginefailureat(orafter)take-off.

EFIS-electronicflightinstrumentsystem,inwhichmulti-functionCRTdisplaysreplacetraditionalinstrumentsforprovidingflight,navigationandaircraftsystemsinformation,formingaso-called'glasscockpit'.Nowcommonincommercialtransports,corporateaircraftandhelicopters,militaryfightersandsomeGApistonsinglesandtwins.

EGT-exhaustgastemperature(gauge).Adevicewhichprovidesacockpitreadoutoftheexhaustgastemperatureofanaircraft's(piston)engine(s),enablingthepilottoleanthemixtureformaximumfuelefficiency.

EHSI-electronichorizontalsituationindicator.CRT-basedHSIformingpartofanEFIS.

EICAS-engineindicationandcrewalertingsystem.CRTdisplaywhichmonitorsengineperformanceandalertsthecrewtosystemorairframefailure.Foundinnew-generationtransportsandbusinessjets.

EICMS-enginein-flightmonitoringsystem

ELT-emergencylocatortransmitter.Asmallradiotransmitterfixedtoanaircraft'sstructurewhichisautomaticallyactivatedbyimpactorwaterimmersionandtransmitsacodeonemergencyfrequenciesenablingSARsatellitesorsearchunitsequippedwithDFtolocatethecrashorditchingsite.CarriagemandatoryintheUSA,butnotinUK.SometimesstyledADELT,automaticallydeployableELT,orELB,emergencylocatorbeacon.

emptyweig

ht-weightofthebasicaeroplaneincludingallfixedequipment,plusunusablefuel,oil,hydraulicandotherfluids.

encodingaltimeter-analtimeterwhichgivesadigitaloutputtothetransponder(whichsee)forautomatictransmissionoftheaircraft'spressurealtitudetoATC.

EOBT-estimatedoff-blockstime.

EP-ElementarypilotratingoftheBritishHangGlidingandParaglidingAssociation

EPNdB-effectiveperceivednoisedecibel.Unitofmeasurementofaircraftnoiselevels.

ER-extendedrange.

eshp-equivalentshafthorsepower.

ETA-estimatedtimeofarrival.Also;

ETD-estimatedtimeofdeparture

ETE-estimatedtimeenroute.

ETOPS-extended-rangetwinoperations,usuallylongover-waterflightsbyairliners.

ETPS-EmpireTestPilotsSchool,basedattheAircraft&ArmamentExperimentalEstablishment,BoscombeDown.

Eurocontrol-organisation,headquarteredinTheNetherlands,comprisingBelgium,France,Germany,Ireland,Luxembourg,NetherlandsandUKforcoordinatingenrouteairtrafficcontrolinEurope.

F

FAA-FederalAviationAdministration,USA,equivalentofUK'sCAA.

FAA-FleetAirArm,ofUK'sRoyalNavy.

FADEC-full-authoritydigitalenginecontrol.

FAF-finalapproachfix,thepointatwhichapublishedinstrumentapproachbegins.

FAI-FédérationAéronautiqueInternationale,theinternationalbodyforverificationofaeronauticalrecordattemptsandsportingregulations.

FAR-FederalAviationRegulations(USA).

FARA-FormulaAirRacingAssociation.

FBL-flybylighti.e.controlviaopticalfibres

FBO-fixed-baseoperator,Americantermforcommercialoperatorssupplyingfuel,maintenance,aircraftsales,rental,flighttraining,handlingandotherGAservicesatanairport.(So-calledbecausethefirstFBOswereearlybarnstormerswhochosetosettleatonefield.)

FBW-fly-by-wire.Aircraftcontrolsystemsinwhichpilots'controlinputsaretransmittedtocontrolsurfaceselectronicallyorviafibreopticsratherthanbymechanicallinkage.AlsoseeFBL.

FCL-FlightCrewLicensing(Division),aCAAdepartmenthandlingallaspectsofprivateandprofessionalpilot,flightengineerandnavigatorlicensing.

FCS-flightcontrolsystem.

fcst-forecast.

FDR-flightdatarecorder,popularlyknownasa'blackbox'(actuallypaintedbrightorange),bywhichvariousparametersofanaircraft'sflightperformancearerecordedforanalysisintheeventofanincidentoraccident.

feather-(ofapropeller)-tosettheangleofCSorVPpropelleredge-ontotheairflowtominimisedragandrotationfollowingenginefailureonmulti-enginedaircraft.Alsoappliestomotorgliderswhichhavefeatheringpropellerstoenhanceengine-offsoaringperformance.

final(s)-finalapproach.Thepartofalandingsequenceoraerodromecircuitprocedureinwhichtheaircrafthasmadeitsfinalturnand

isinboundtotheactiverunway.Downwindisthesegmentofthecircuitparallelingtherunwayandflownonareciprocalheading.Baselegisthecrosswindsegmentbringingtheaircraftfromthedownwindlegtofinalapproach.ThelegbeforedownwindiscalledtheCrosswindleg.

FIC-FlightInformationCentre.

FIR-FlightInformationRegion.UKairspaceisdividedintotwoFIRs,LondonandScottish.

FIS-FlightInformationService,providingavarietyofservicesandinformation(butnotcontrol)toairtrafficinthetwoFIRsabove.

FJ-fastjet.

FL-flightlevel,alevelofconstantatmosphericpressureshownbyanaltimetersettoastandard1013.2millibars,expressedinroundshundredsoffeet,thusFL330is33,000feet.

flag-warningsignalincorporatedincertainnavigationandflightinstrumentsindicatingthattheinstrumentisnotoperatingsatisfactorilyorthatthestrengthofsignalsbeingreceivedfromgroundstationsisbelowacceptablelimits.

flatrating-throttlingorotherrestrictionofenginepowerouput(usuallyinturbopropsandturboshafts)atsealeveltoenableittogiveconstantpredictablepowerathigheroperatingaltitudes.

flameout-combustionfailureinaturbineengineresultinginpowerloss.

FLG-flashing.

flickereffect-nausea,dizzinessorvertigowhichcanbebroughtonbyflickeringatcertainfrequenciesofabrightlightsourcesuchassunlightorstrobewhenviewedthrougharotatingpropellerorrotorblades.

FLIR-forward-lookinginfra-red.

FLM-foot-launchedmicrolight.

FLPA-foot-launchedpoweredaircraft,e.g.poweredparachutes.

FM-frequencymodulation.

FMC/S-flightmanagementcomputer/system

FMGC-flightmanagementguidancecomputer.

FMS-flightmanagementsystem.

FMU-flightmanagementunit.

FOD-foreignobjectdamage,usuallytoturbineenginesthroughingestionofrunwaydebrisetc.

FPL-filedflightplan.

fpm-feetperminute,ameasureofanaircraft'srateofclimbordescent.Similarlym/sormps,metrespersecond.

FSS-FlightServiceStation(USA).

FTO-flyingtrainingorganisation.

FTS-FlyingTrainingSchool(RAF)

ft/min-feetperminute

G

g-theaccelerationforceofgravity,normally1gonearth.Zerog(0g)isweightlessness,asexperiencedbyorbitingastronauts.gisexpressedaspositive(+)andnegative(-)values.Duringanormalloopapilotexperiencespositiveg,tendingtoforcehimdowninhisseat.Inanoutsideloop,withthepilot'sheadontheoutsideofthevertical